In this paper we discuss the problems associated with the description and manipulation of large systems when their sources are not maintained as single fields. We show why and how tools that address these issues, such as Unix MAKE and Lisp Machine DEFSYSTEM, have evolved. Existing formalisms suffer from the problem that their syntax is not easily separable from their functionality. In programming languages, standard "calling conventions" exist to insulate the caller of a function from the syntactic details of how that function was defined, but until now no such conventions have existed to hide consumers of program systems from the details of how those systems were specified. We propose a low-level data abstraction which can support notations such as those used by MAKE and DEFSYSTEM without requiring that the introduction of a new notation be accompanied by a completely different set of tools for instantiating or otherwise manipulating the resulting system. Lisp is used for presentation, bit the issues are not idiosyncratic to LISP.

Basic goal of power system is to continuously provide electrical energy to the users. Like with any other system, failures in power system can occur. In those situations it is critical that correct remedial actions are applied as soon as possible after the accurate fault condition and location are detected. This thesis has been focusing on automated fault location procedure. Different fault location algorithms, classified according to the spatial placement of physical measurements on single ended, multiple ended and sparse system-wide, are investigated. As outcome of this review, methods are listed as function of different parameters that influence their accuracy. This comparison is than used for generating procedure for optimal fault location algorithm selection. According to available data, and position of the fault with respect to the data, proposed procedure decides between different algorithms and selects an optimal one. A new approach is developed by utilizing different data structures such as binary tree and serialization in order to efficiently implement algorithm decision engine. After accuracy of algorithms is strongly influenced by available input data, different data sources are recommended in proposed architecture such as the digital fault recorders, circuit breaker monitoring, SCADA, power system model and etc. Algorithm for determining faulted section is proposed based on the data from circuit breaker monitoring devices. This algorithm works in real time by recognizing to which sequence of events newly obtained recording belongs. Software prototype of the proposed automated fault location analysis is developed using Java programming language. Fault location analysis is automatically triggered by appearance of new event files in a specific folder. The tests were carried out using the real life transmission system as an example.

Abstract This study aims at continuously exploring government procurement policy itself via the views of both constructors and the government officials, based on the Likert-scale questionnaire designed by the author. With cluster sampling, the subjects are 99 officials from the government officials of Kaohsiung city and 44 constructors in the south of Taiwan . The key point is to evaluate the policy impact, in other word is to assess the achievement of policy effectiveness & policy goal. Is there any significantly difference for and against practicing the government procurement law between constructors and the government? This study construct policy impact evaluation with in the way of management, politics & law; based on policy effectiveness, system maintenance, responsiveness, To evaluate whether or not can the illegal thing be reduced because of practicing government procurement law which based on policy effectiveness, system maintenance, responsiveness & appropriateness. Results from questionnaire are statistically processed with SPSS. There are several conclusions. Both constructors & the government officials have the same views toward practicing the government procurement law. Both of them agree that the procurement environment itself has been significantly changed. Though the efficiency & quality of government procurement have been improved since the government procurement law had been practiced. But the efficiency & quality of government procurement still has not improved equally, even the government procurement procedure were fair & information openly. The persons who proceeded procurement have no confidence toward their own departments is rather alarming. Anyway, NT$500 thousand have been thought to be the appropriate standard of internet procurement. The findings can serve as reference of improvement of government procurement policy. Key words¡GPublic Policy, Policy Impact, Policy Effectiveness, System Maintenance, Responsiveness, Appropriateness

Basic goal of power system is to continuously provide electrical energy to the users. Like with any other system, failures in power system can occur. In those situations it is critical that correct remedial actions are applied as soon as possible after the accurate fault condition and location are detected. This thesis has been focusing on automated fault location procedure. Different fault location algorithms, classified according to the spatial placement of physical measurements on single ended, multiple ended and sparse system-wide, are investigated. As outcome of this review, methods are listed as function of different parameters that influence their accuracy. This comparison is than used for generating procedure for optimal fault location algorithm selection. According to available data, and position of the fault with respect to the data, proposed procedure decides between different algorithms and selects an optimal one. A new approach is developed by utilizing different data structures such as binary tree and serialization in order to efficiently implement algorithm decision engine. After accuracy of algorithms is strongly influenced by available input data, different data sources are recommended in proposed architecture such as the digital fault recorders, circuit breaker monitoring, SCADA, power system model and etc. Algorithm for determining faulted section is proposed based on the data from circuit breaker monitoring devices. This algorithm works in real time by recognizing to which sequence of events newly obtained recording belongs. Software prototype of the proposed automated fault location analysis is developed using Java programming language. Fault location analysis is automatically triggered by appearance of new event files in a specific folder. The tests were carried out using the real life transmission system as an example.

The Service-Dominant Logic concept has replaced the traditional Product-Dominant Logic to be the mainstream of contemporary business activities. Based on this concept, value creation is viewed as a co-produced result instead of the responsibility of producer only. Through applying Service-Dominant Logic to information systems development and maintenance process, one can conclude that users should play a more active role as a co-producers. Past user participate studies largely focused on system development stage only and only little attention has been paid the maintenance process. Given the importance of maintenance in system life cycle, the main purpose of this study is to understand the factors that drive users to engage in value co-production. I adopted case study method and analyzed antecedents of co-production behavior performed by users. According to the found results, I suggest that familiarity toward system, source of demand for services, and system complexity are three potential factors that may lead to various co-production behaviors. The findings of this study can serve as critical reference for future studies. Practitioners can also be benefited by knowing how to enhance user co-production in the maintenance stage of system life cycle. Keywords: Service-Dominant Logic, System Maintenance, User Participation, Value Co-production, Case Study

Global Software Development (GSD) is based on a geographical distance where teams are spread throughout the world. The related research have for a long time addressed the challenges presented by geographical distances. GSD is basically a necessity for many businesses to use in order to reduce development costs, reduce production time and to maintain high quality. The study aims to investigate the relationship between the reality of a specific maintenance project. Thus, our research question: How do distributed maintenance teams experience temporal, geographical and socio-cultural distances? To achieve the purpose of the study, we chose to perform a case study of a global consulting company which recently started a new system maintenance project. The data collection was done through interviews and observations at the premises of the consulting company. We have confirmed the previous research and come up with our own contributions to the field. The findings of our thesis provides aspects of communication, coordination and control related to the three distances stated in our research question. A new collective term has also emerged, off-shore blackboxing.

No description available.

<p>U disertaciji je predstavljeno istraživanje usmereno ka problemu unapređenja rada postojećih industrijskih SCADA sistema. U fokus istraživanja su postavljeni zadaci klasičnih SCADA sistema kao što su: prikupljanje podataka o postrojenju, skladištenje i analiza podataka, kao i prikaz podataka o postrojenju i na koji način se ovi zadaci mogu unaprediti kroz primenu postojećih mobilnih tehnologija, tehnologija Interneta stvari, kao i tehnologija proširene realnosti. Kao rezultat istraživanja predložen je novi model mobilnih nadzornih sistema sa proširenom realnošću i integrisanim industrijskim Internetom stvari. Predloženi model omogućava realizaciju novih sistema nadzora industrijskih postrojenja baziranih na Industriji 4.0 kao i jednostavnu integraciju u postojeće industrijske sisteme. Predloženi novi model nadzornih sistema je opšti model i njegova velika prednost je univerzalnost i otvorenost za primenu novih mobilnih tehnologija, tehnologija Interneta stvari, kao i tehnologija proširene realnosti. On takođe ima svojsvo fleksibilnosti zato što se može primeniti za različite strukture preduzeća, kao i različite proizvodne procese. Predloženi novi model omogućava sledljivost prikupljenih podataka o industrijskim postrojenjima i proizvodnim procesima dvosmerno, od senzora i aktuatora ka menadžmentu postrojenja, kao i od menadžmenta postrojenja ka senzorima i aktuatorima. Omogućena je implementacija različitih algoritama obrade podataka, nezavisnih od predloženog novog modela nadzornih sistema, sa ciljem detektovanja grešaka ili potencijalnih problema u radu industrijskog postrojenja. Predloženi model omogućava uvid u podatke o postrojenju ne samo licima zaduženim za nadzor i održavanje postrojenja, već i proizvođačima industrijske opreme koji dobijaju informacije o opremi u realnim uslovima omogućavajući unapređenje kvaliteta industrijske opreme. Za analizu i obradu podataka prikupljnih o industrijskom postrojenju i procesu model omogućava implementaciju više algoritama istovremeno, čime je moguće međusobno porediti algoritme sa različitim parametrima obrade podataka.</p> / <p>In this doctoral dissertation, a research oriented to the problem of improvement<br />existing industrial SCADA systems is presented. The research is focused on<br />the tasks of classical SCADA systems such as data acquisition, data storage<br />and analysis, and displays of acquired plant data and how these tasks can be<br />improved by applying existing mobile technologies, Internet technology, and<br />technology of augmented reality. As a result of the research, a new model of<br />mobile supervision systems with augmented reality and integrated industrial<br />Internet of Things was proposed. The proposed model enables the<br />implementation of new supervision systems in industrial plants based on<br />Industry 4.0 concept, as well as simple integration into existing industrial plants.<br />The proposed new model of supervision systems is a general model and its<br />great advantage is the universality and openness to the application of new<br />mobile technologies, the Internet of Things technology, and technology of<br />augmented reality. It also has its own flexibility because it can be applied to<br />different company structures and different production processes. The proposed<br />new model enables the traceability of collected data on industrial plants and<br />production processes in two ways, from sensors and actuators to plant<br />management, as well from plant management to sensors and actuators. It is<br />possible to implement different data processing algorithms, independent of the<br />proposed new model of control systems, with the aim of detecting errors or<br />potential problems in the operation of industrial plants or production processes.<br />The proposed model provides insight into plant data not only for plant<br />monitoring and maintenance personnel but also for industrial equipment<br />manufacturers who receive information on equipment in real-world conditions,<br />enabling improvement of the quality of industrial equipment. For the analysis<br />and processing of data collected on industrial plants and production processes,<br />the proposed model enables the implementation of several algorithms at the<br />same time, thus making it possible to compare different algorithms with different<br />data processing parameters.</p>

Dokumentation har i över 20 år beskrivits som en av de viktigaste artefakterna inom förvaltningsarbete. Denna studie har utförts i samarbete med Trafikverket där problematik rörande hanteringen av driftdokumentationen påträffats. Vid bristande hantering av förvaltningsdokumentation når inte förvaltningsarbetet sin fulla potential. Denna studie syftar till att genom en kartläggning av nuläget på en avdelning av Trafikverket, beskriva problem och utmaningar som uppstår i en statlig myndighet gällande hanteringen av driftdokumentation i förvaltningsarbetet av ett system eller applikation. Studien syftar även till att beskriva huruvida en statlig myndighet kan förhålla sig till dessa problem och utmaningar i jämförelse med redan etablerade lösningsförslag och tillvägagångssätt. Denna studie är av det kvalitativa slaget där data till studien insamlats genom dokumentstudier och intervjuer. Studien är en deskriptiv fallstudie som beskriver problem och utmaningar i den studerade verksamheten rörande dess hantering av driftdokumentation. Vidare beskrivs redan etablerade lösningsförslag till de identifierade problemen och utmaningarna samt hur en statlig myndig kan förhålla sig till dessa. Litteraturstudier har genomförts i syfte att samla in teori inom forskningsområdet. Kringliggande områden där hanteringen av olika typer av dokumentation har använts i generaliseringssyfte. Studien mynnar ut i en nulägesbeskrivning. Nulägesbeskrivningen utgår i grunden från en litteraturstudie där en genomgång av tidigare studier och resultat från dessa sammanställts. Resultatet av litteraturstudierna nyttjades vid utformandet av intervjufrågorna och gav vägledning i urvalet av dokument som använts i studien. Det material som genererats från intervjuer och dokumentstudier har genom en tematisk analys bidragit med att skapa en beskrivande bild över nuläget för dokumenthanteringen på avdelningen anpassad för studiens syfte. Vidare beskrivs tre möjliga förändringar som syftar till att hantera den problematik som upplevs. Förändringarna innefattar två tekniska lösningar vilka är införandet av ett nytt dokumentationsverktyg samt ett rättighetsbaserat system för hantering av känslig information. Den tredje utgör en kulturell förändring där ett gemensamt ansvar för förvaltningen av driftdokumentationen lyfts. / Documentation has for over 20 years been described as one of the most important artefacts in maintenance work. This study was conducted in collaboration with the Swedish Transport Administration where problems regarding the management of the operational documentation has been detected. Insufficient management of maintenance documentation results in maintenance work not reaching its full potential. This study aims to describe, through mapping of the current situation in a department of the Swedish Transport Administration, the problems and challenges that arise in a governmental authority regarding the management of operational documentation in the maintenance process of a system or application. The study also aims to describe how a governmental authority can relate to these problems and challenges in comparison with already established solution proposals and approaches. This is a qualitative study where data was collected through document studies and interviews. The study is a descriptive case study that describes problems and challenges in the studied business regarding its handling of operational documentation. Furthermore, already established solutions to the identified problems and challenges are described and how a governmental authority can relate to these. Literature studies have been conducted in order to gather theory in the research area. Surrounding areas regarding the handling of different types of documentation has been used for generalization purposes. The study culminates in a current situation description. The current situation description is based on a literature study where a review of previous studies and results from these has been compiled. The results of the literature studies were used in the design of the interview questions and provided guidance in the selection of documents used in the study. The material generated from interviews and document studies has, through a thematic analysis, helped to create a descriptive picture of the current state of document management in the department adapted for the purpose of the study. Furthermore, three possible changes are described that aim to deal with the perceived problems. The changes include two technical solutions where one is the introduction of a new documentation tool and the other a permission-based system for handling sensitive information. The third represents a cultural change where a joint responsibility for the management of the operational documentation is highlighted.

Syftet med föreliggande arbete är att undersöka hur företag och organisationer förvaltar sina informationssystem, om Applicerad Modell (Hafström, Nordström; 1991) innehåller de delar som krävs för en fungerande systemförvaltning samt att med ledning av erhållen information diskutera kring problem och möjligheter med systemförvaltning. Vi genomförde en litteraturstudie och intervjuade personer som är inblandade I systemförvaltningsprocessen. Resultatet av litteraturstudien presenteras genom definitioner av begrepp och resultatet av tre vägledande undersökningar. Därefter presenteras en sammanfattning av de intervjuer vi genomfört. Utifrån erhållen information utvecklar vi definitionen av systemförvaltningsbegreppet. Applicerad Modell utvecklas och resultatet blir en ny modell kallad Raket Förvaltningsmodell. Vidare diskuterar vi kring problem och möjligheter med systemförvaltning och slutligen ges synpunkter på hur man skall starta arbetet med att strukturera systemförvaltningsprocessen. / The aim with the present work is to examine how corporations and organizations maintain their information systems, if the Applied Mode! (Hafström, Nordström; 1991) contain all parts required for working system maintenance and according to this discuss problems and possibilities of system maintenance. We realized a literature study and interviewed people who are involved in the process of system maintenance. The result of the literature study is presented by definitions of conceptions and the result of three examinations. A summary of the interviews is made. From the received information we developed the definition of the system maintenance conception. Applied Mode! is developed and the result is Rocket Maintenance Model. Further on we discuss problems and possibilities of system maintenance and finally we are giving our opinion how to start the work by structuring the system maintenance process.