Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-106).

Introduction: Question of femoroacetabular impingement is very actual. This young concept brings mechanism which leads to early degenerative changes of the hip joint of young and active individuals (athletes). Objectives: To review influence of sport activity on condition of the hip joint of young athletes (players of table tennis) and to determine incidence of femoroacetabular impingement and its clinical significance. Methods: We performed ultrasound and clinical examination and questionnaire with 22 individuals from 2 training groups. Groups vary in age, height, weight, volume of sport activity and how long they do sports. We found out incidence of cam-type impingement and evaluated pain of anterior impingement test, ranges of motions of the hip joint and deep squat. Results: Cam impingement was found in 27 hip joints, 16 in older group, 11 in younger one. In older group there were 12 from 16 impingements painful during anterior impingement test, 4 from 11 in younger one. In older group there were 4 symptomatic individuals, none in younger one. Older group has lower ranges of motion of flexion and internal rotation. 4 individuals did not perform deep squat, all of them with bilateral cam-type impingement. Conclusion: Femoracetabular impingement is frequent among young athletes. It causes...

Du jeu de société dans les salons mondains au début du XXe siècle au sport couru des années 1932 et 1933, ce jeu de balle casse une représentation réductrice et vestimentaire de la mode. Le ping-pong, qui est à l’origine une simple boîte de jeu, connaît deux forts engouements au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle. En 1902, la mode est au divertissement de salon prétexte à la distinction sociale. Prenant place après les dîners de la Haute bourgeoisie, la droiture du corps est de rigueur. Le jeu respecte un code de galanterie qui en fait un jeu lent. Sa mode s’estompe dès 1903 lorsque le jeu se démocratise à la petite et moyenne bourgeoisies. Vivotant en tant que jeu de salon anodin, le ping-pong réapparaîtcomme une nouveauté en 1932 et 1933. Il est décrit comme un spectacle sportif à l’image de ses champions, de leurs prouesses techniques et des efforts physiques. Il prend également la forme d’une mode populaire en gonflant les rangs du sport ouvrier. Cette reconnaissance sportive dans les représentations sociales est effective quelques années après soninstitutionnalisation. Discours monolithique, la mode cache et relance aussi d’autres vogues. Une réminiscence bourgeoise en fait un jeu prisé des lieux de villégiature. Il se développe également au travers des cafés. L’apogée passée, le ping-pong « sport » perd des effectifs dans les fédérations au milieu des années 1930. Son image sportive chancelle. Elle s’explique par la place difficilement mesurable du jeu informel qui contente les pratiquants. Ce divertissement est alors autant perçu comme un jeu de détente qu’il constitue une manière informelle de faire du sport en dehors des institutions / From the board game in the worldly salons in the beginning of the 20th century to the sought-after sport in 1932 and 1933, this ball game breaks a reductive representation of fashion, mostly about clothing. Ping-pong, which is originally a simple game box, knows two major popular movements during the first half of the 20th century. In 1902, the trend is about salon entertainment, a pretext for social distinction. Taking place after diners in the wealthy bourgeoisie, straightness of the body is required. This game respects the gallantry code, which makes is a slow game. Its popularity is the upper class fades from 1903 when the game knows a democratisation in the petty bourgeoisie and the middle class. Eking out as a trivialsalon game, ping-pong reappears as a novelty in 1932 and 1933. It is described as a sporting show magnified by its champions, their technical feats and physical efforts. It also gains in popularity as it enters the habits of the working class. This sporty recognition in social representations is effective a few years after its institutionalisation. Monolithic vision, fashionalso hides and revives other tendencies. A bourgeois reminiscence makes it a popular game in the holiday destinations. It also expands in the coffee shops. Once passed its height, pingpong as a « sport » loses members in the federations in the middle of the 1930s. Its sporty image falters. This phenomenom explains itself by the hardly mesurable place of the informalgame, which satisfies the players. This entertainment is perceived as a relaxing game, as an informal way to practice sport out of the institutions

O tênis de mesa é um dos esportes de raquete mais rápidos do mundo, exigindo muito pouco tempo para planejar e executar seus movimentos. Neste sentido, detectar a quantidade de rotação da bola, velocidade e direção torna-se fundamental para produzir respostas motoras eficientes. Entretanto, existem algumas questões que ainda não foram exploradas como o quanto a disponibilidade das informações auditiva e visual interfere na acurácia da percepção da rotação da bola e no tempo necessário para perceber estas rotações. O propósito do presente estudo foi analisar a influência da informação auditiva e visual na percepção da rotação da bola e no desempenho no tênis de mesa. Os atletas profissionais foram submetidos a dois estudos: o primeiro destinado a verificar a contribuição da informação auditiva e visual na percepção da rotação da bola e no tempo necessário para essa percepção. O segundo, proposto para avaliar a influência da informação auditiva no desempenho da tarefa de contra-ataque no tênis de mesa. Participaram do estudo 22 mesatenistas de alto rendimento de ambos os sexos (21 homens e 1 mulher) com média de idade de 22,55 ± 6,15. O teste de percepção de rotação (estudo 1) analisou o número de acertos e o tempo de reação por meio de uma rotina desenvolvida no software Matlab (Apêndice D). Os atletas visualizavam a tela de um computador e respondiam em um teclado o mais rápido possível. Os atletas analisaram um movimento de forehand nas intensidades de rotação: muita rotação (bola girando a aproximadamente 140 r/s); média (bola girando a aproximadamente 105 r/s); pouca rotação (bola girando a aproximadamente 84 r/s); batida chapada (bola girando a aproximadamente 70 r/s), nas seguintes condições: a) informação auditiva; b) informação visual; c) informação auditiva e visual. Os atletas analisaram 20 bolas para cada condição sendo cinco de cada tipo de efeito. Para o teste de desempenho (estudo 2) o atleta teve que responder adequadamente com o movimento de contra-ataque de forehand em um alvo previamente marcado na mesa. Foram golpeadas 80 bolas nas mesmas intensidades de rotação mencionadas acima. Os atletas foram avaliados em duas condições: com informação auditiva e sem informação auditiva. Os resultados do estudo 1 revelaram que mesatenistas foram capazes de perceber a magnitude de rotação da bola nas três condições. O percentual de acertos foi de 77,5%, 91,14% e 96,36% para as condições de informação auditiva, visual e combinadas, respectivamente. Quanto ao tempo de reação, os resultados revelaram que na condição somente informação auditiva (2,32 ± 0,41 s) os atletas demoraram mais tempo para responder do que em relação a condição somente informação visual (2,07 ± 0,36 s), já na condição informação auditiva e visual (1,85 ± 0,35 s) os atletas se mostraram mais rápidos ainda concordando com as informações número de acertos obtidas neste estudo. Para o estudo 2 os resultados revelaram que quando os atletas contra-atacaram na condição informação auditiva, o número de acertos foi de 37,69 ± 5,43 enquanto, quando a audição dos atletas foi privada a média de acertos foi 33,15 ± 6,84. Os resultados apontaram que mesatenistas foram capazes de utilizar as informações auditiva e visual para perceber a magnitude da rotação da bola no golpe forehand, porém, no estudo 1 quando as informações foram combinadas o número de acertos aumentou 5,22% e o tempo de reação diminuiu 0,22 s. No estudo 2 Quando a informação auditiva foi privada houve uma diminuição na média do número de acertos de 4,54. / Table tennis is one of the fastest racket sports in the world, requiring very little time to plan and execute your moves. In this sense, detecting a quantity of ball spin, velocity and direction becomes fundamental to produce efficient motor responses. However, there are some questions that have not yet been explored for example how much the availability of auditory and visual information interferes with the accuracy of the perception of the rotation of the ball and the time needed to perceive these rotations. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the influence of auditory and visual information on the perception of ball rotation and performance in table tennis. The volunteers were submitted to two studies: the first one to verify the contribution of the auditory and visual information in the perception of the rotation of the ball and in the time necessary for this perception. The second, proposed to evaluate the influence of auditory information on the performance of the counter-attack task in table tennis. Twenty-two high-level table tennis players men and women (21 men and 1 woman) with a mean age of 22.55 ± 6.15 participated in the study. The rotation perception test (study 1) analyzed the number of hits and the reaction time through a routine developed in Matlab software. The athletes visualized the screen of a computer and answered in a keyboard as soon as possible. The athletes analyzed a forehand movement in the rotation intensities: fast spin (spinning ball foward at 140 r/s); medium spin (105 r/s); slow spin (84 r/s); flat hit (70 r/s), under the following conditions: a) auditory information; b) visual information; c) auditory and visual information. The athletes analyzed 20 balls for each condition, five of each type of rotation. For the performance test (study 2) the athlete had to respond adequately with the forehand counterattack movement on a previously marked target at the table. 80 balls were struck at the same intensities of rotation mentioned above. The athletes were evaluated in two conditions: with auditory information and without auditory information. The results of the study 1 revealed that table tennis players were able to perceive the magnitude of rotation of the ball in the three conditions. The percentage of correct answers was 77.5%, 91.14% and 96.36% for auditory, visual and combined information conditions, respectively. Regarding the reaction time, the results revealed that in the condition only auditory information (2.32 ± 0.41 s) the athletes took more time to respond, since in the condition only visual information (2.07 ± 0.36 s) delayed a little less and in the condition auditory and visual information (1.85 ± 0.35 s) the athletes showed themselves to be faster still agreeing with the information number of hits obtained in this study. For the study 2 the results revealed that when the athletes counterattacked in the auditory information condition, the number of hits was 37.69 ± 5.43, whereas when the hearing of the athletes was private the average hit was 33.15 ± 6.84. The results indicated that table tennis players were able to use auditory and visual information to realize the magnitude of the ball rotation in the forehand blow, however, in study 1 when the informations were combined the number of right answered increased 5.22% and the reaction time decreased by 0.22 s. In study 2 When the auditory information was depriving, there was a decrease in the average number of hits 4.54.

Despite its strategic importance most firms managing complex product development fail to meet their pre-set or emerging targets. This thesis argues that this is due to a number of limitations in the fundamental assumptions behind the dominant approach based on planning. Two alternative approaches are introduced and elaborated based on extensive empirical investigation of five organizational settings at Ericsson applying the dominant approach and two organizational settings also at Ericsson that repeatedly succeed to meet pre-set and emerging targets. The two alternative approaches; integrationdriven development and dynamic synchronization are based on integration, building dependencies, allocating resources to the boundaries and building a capacity for real-time handling of both emerging problems and opportunities rather than minimizing deviations from the pre-set plan. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1999

Sammanfattning Syftet med studien var att studera skillnader i vilka mål bordtennisspelare använder sig av beroende på målinriktning. I studien deltog 103 bordtennisspelare (60 män och 43 kvinnor) tävlandes i division ett till tre. Metoden som användes i studien var en kvantitativ undersökning och bestod av enkäterna Collegiate Goal Setting in Sport Questionnaire (Weinberg, Burton, Yukelson, Weigand, 1993) och Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (Duda & Nicholls, 1992; ref i Duda, 1998). Resultatet i studien visade flera signifikanta skillnader mellan bordtennisspelarna med högre resultatinriktning och bordtennisspelare med en lägre resultatinriktning när det gäller uppfattning om målsättning. Resultatet visade exempelvis att bordtennisspelarna med högre resultatinriktning oftare satte resultatmål och prestationsmål jämfört med bordtennisspelare med en lägre resultatinriktning. Vidare visade resultatet också att bordtennisspelarna med en lägre resultatinriktning anser att det är viktigare med gemenskap för att delta i än bordtennisspelare med en högre resultatinriktning. Resultatet diskuterats i relation till tidigare forskning. / Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in goal preferences of table tennis players, depending on goal orientation. The participants were 103 (60 male and 43 female) table tennis players competing in division one to three. The method used in the study was a quantitative study consisted of questionnaires Collegiate Goal Setting in Sport Questionnaire CGSSQ (Weinberg, Burton, Yukelson, Weigand, 1993) and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire TEOSQ (Duda & Nicholls, 1992; ref in Duda, 1998). The results showed several significant results between table tennis players with a high ego orientation and table tennis players with a lower ego orientation in goal setting. For example the result showed that table tennis players with a high ego orientation used more often outcome goals and performance goals than table tennis players with a lower ego orientation. The result also showed that a table tennis player with a lower ego orientation means that it is more important with fellowship than tennis players with a high ego orientation. The results have been analyzed and discussed in relation to previous research.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the process of South Korean nationalism and national identity construction through studying Chinese table tennis players that have become naturalised citizens of South Korea. Based on an Eliasian theoretical and methodological prospective, this research employs three different methods of analysis. First, it employs archival analysis in the historical context chapter to determine the origins of table tennis and its spread to Northeast Asia, the political and societal role of table tennis in China and South Korea, and the appearance of the first naturalised player in South Korea. Second, this study employs newspaper text analysis to investigate newspaper reports of the South Korean and Chinese table tennis matches from the 1988 Seoul Olympics Games to the 2012 Games in London. This section first examines the flow of Korean nationalism through the table tennis matches between Korea and China, and then explores how the newspaper reports expressed nationalism in regard to the Korean players and naturalised players. Third, this study employs an interview method to gather data from 17 interviewees who have been associated directly or indirectly associated with the Chinese naturalised table tennis players in order to further examine the process of the formation of South Korean national identity. The first analysis regarding historical findings identifies that table tennis has evolved precisely alongside Elias s sportisation theory. In South Korea and China, table tennis has played the role of a national sport. Especially in South Korea, table tennis was a nationalistic sport that opposed anti-colonialism and anti-communism. It was in table tennis that the first naturalised athlete in the history of South Korean sport was selected for the Olympics. In the second analysis, through examining news reports of the Olympic table tennis matches between China and South Korea, this research identifies that South Korean newspapers continue to generate a strong image of nationalism. Moreover, the newspaper reports do not use the same nationalistic sentiments and personal pronouns for South Korean players and naturalised players. Finally, the interview analysis investigates the formation of South Korean identity through the naturalised table tennis players in South Korea. Three national identities groups have arisen in South Korea in response to the emergence of naturalised athletes. The first group approves of globalisation and naturalisation. The second group opposes globalisation and naturalisation. The third group, which comprises the media, has no specific interest in globalisation and naturalisation, but has an identity that changes based on the interests of the media company. In other words, the evidence from the interviews carried out for this thesis shows that South Korean national identity in regard to naturalised athletes remains diversified and not unified.

Orientador: Claudio Alexandre Gobatto / Banca: Eduardo Kokubun / Banca: Alexandre Moreira / Banca: Sebastião Gobbi / Banca: Ricardo Machado Leite de Barros / Resumo: O presente estudo objetivou utilizar o modelo de potência crítica adaptado para o tênis de mesa como um possível procedimento para estimar a capacidade aeróbia e capacidade anaeróbia em teste específico. Foram participantes do estudo 32 mesatenistas do sexo masculino filiados à Confederação Brasileira de Tênis de Mesa e integrantes de cinco equipes de tênis de mesa. Para a execução da tese, o atual trabalho foi dividido em quatro experimentos, possuindo seqüencialmente os devidos propósitos: 1) verificar o perfil fisiológico e as características do jogo de tênis de mesa mensurados em competições oficiais; 2) comparar as respostas fisiológicas, máximas e submáximas, mensuradas em ergômetro específico para o tênis de mesa com as obtidas em ergômetros convencionais; 3) Investigar a aplicação do modelo de potência crítica adaptado para o tênis de mesa como procedimento preditor da capacidade aeróbia, verificando a influência do critério de exaustão e dos modelos matemáticos na determinação desse parâmetro, assim como comparar esses resultados com parâmetros respiratórios máximos e submáximos obtidos em teste incremental especifico; 4) Correlacionar o parâmetro da curvatura constante (W') da relação hiperbólica entre tempo e potência, sendo a W' estimada por meio de quatro modelos matemáticos; assim como correlacionar as W' estimadas com o déficit máximo de oxigênio acumulado e com o trabalho anaeróbio total mensurado em exercícios supramáximos. Como resultados, no experimento 1 foi verificado que o tênis de mesa demandou uma predominância energética aeróbia durante o jogo, porém, com a o metabolismo anaeróbio alático sendo o principal sistema energético nos momentos de esforços. Essas afirmações foram baseadas nos resultados da duração do jogo, duração do rali e baixas respostas lactacidêmicas e da freqüência cardíaca... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The general aim of this thesis was to apply the critical power model for the table tennis specific test as a procedure to estimate aerobic and anaerobic capacities. The study included thirty-two male table tennis players from five teams affiliated to the Brazilian Table Tennis Federation (CBTM). The thesis was divided into four experiments to: 1) Verify the physiological profile and characteristics of table tennis measured in official tournaments; 2) Compare maximal and submaximal physiological responses measured in the table tennis specific test with those measured on a cycloergometer, arm crank, and treadmill (conventional ergometers); 3) Investigate applying the Critical Power model to table tennis as an aerobic capacity predictor, verify the effects of exhaustion criteria (voluntary and technical exhaustion) and mathematical modeling of this parameter, and also to compare results from maximal and submaximal respiratory parameters measured during the specific incremental test; and 4) Correlate the curvature constant parameter (W') from the Power and time hyperbolic relationship, where W' was estimated using four mathematical models; and to correlate each W' estimated with maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) and total anaerobic work at supramaximal intensities. Results showed that table tennis presented higher aerobic system predominance during a match, where the phosphagenic energy source was the main mechanism resynthesizing energy during effort periods. This was based on match duration, rally time, low blood lactate response, and sub-threshold heart rate response. Thus, knowing the table tennis physiological profile, experiments 2 and 3 investigated the application of aerobic and anaerobic procedures using specific and conventional ergometers. Experiment 2 revealed different maximal and submaximal physiological responses when comparing the specific test with results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The holistic ecological approach (HEA) suggests that athlete’s talent development is influenced by the environment in which the athlete is embedded, and that some environments are more successful in facilitating athlete’s junior to senior transition. This study uses the HEA and the two working models to examine one effective talent development environment in Swedish table tennis. HEA promotes a case study design where the two working models are subsequently transformed into empirical models acting as a summary of the case. The focal environment was centred around a training group with supportive relationships, especially between the prospective and senior elite athletes. Furthermore, the environment supported the athletes in their dual careers (i.e., combination of sport and education), which helped the athletes to maintain a balanced lifestyle and to develop in both sport and life. The environment was characterized by a strong and coherent organizational culture centred around a basic assumption “we are community of committed members” contributing to the environment’s effectiveness, that is, to producing senior elite athletes, club growth, recognition, youth results and committed athletes in all ages. This study examines the pathway to sporting excellence in Swedish table tennis using the HEA and provides important insights to sport organizations working with talent development in a complex racket-sport, such as table tennis.

There is evidence suggesting that elite athletes cope better with high-intense negative emotions than the non elite athletes. It is unknown, though, whether elites reach such optimal levels because they have better emotion regulation skills (EReg) or a reduced emotional reactivity (EReact). The present study aimed at disentangling EReg and EReact processes using an experimental paradigm in table tennis players. Twenty-nine (14 elite and 15 non elite) table tennis players were tested using the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) to study their emotional responses after viewing low and high intense pictures; they were instructed to use different emotional regulation strategies (distraction or reappraisal) in the experimental phase. Regarding to emotional reactivity differences, results have showed that elite athletes’ negativity ratings were lower than those of the control group, where there were not any significant differences between men and women. Moreover the results about emotional regulation effectiveness showed that non-elite athletes and women responded more strongly to negative images than elite athletes and men but contrary to the emotion regulation hypothesis, no interaction between the group and the instruction was found as they were equally able to reduce negativity by employing emotion regulation strategies. / Tidigare forskning visar att elitidrottare är bättre på att reglera hög-intensiva negativa känslor i jämförelse med icke elitidrottare. Det är fortfarande oklart om elitidrottare når dessa optimala nivåer pågrund av bättre emotionsreglering (EReg) eller en lägre emotionell reaktivitet (EReact). Föreliggande studies syfte är att försöka klargöra EReg och EReact processer, genom att använda en experimentell design hos bordtennis spelare. Tjugo nio (14 elit och 15 icke-elit) bordtennis spelare testades med hjälp utav International Affective Picture System (IAPS) för att undersöka deras emotionella responser efter att ha observerat låg och hög-intensiva bilder; de instruerades att använda olika emotion reglerings strategier (distraktion och reappraisal) i experiment fasen. Gällande emotionell reaktivitet visade Resultatet att elitidrottares negativa poäng var lägre än kontrollgruppen, det var inga signifikanta skillnader mellan män och kvinnor. Vidare visade resultat kring emotions reglering att icke-elitidrottare och kvinnor reagerade starkare på negativa bilder än elitidrottare och män, i kontrast till emotion reglerings hypotesen hittades ingen interaktions effekter mellan grupp och instruktionen vilket tyder på att grupperna var lika duktiga på att använda emotions reglerings strategier.