A chamada regra do usus auctoritas, presente na Lei das XII tábuas, é apontada, desde Cujácio (séc. XVI), e daí em diante por muitos juristas, como sendo uma antiga norma sobre a garantia do vendedor por meio de negócio formal, mancipatio em caso de evicção; o próprio sentido do vocábulo auctoritas seria «garantia», ou mesmo «dever de prestar garantia», neste caso particular inseparável da mancipatio. Mas o fragmento que traz essa regra USUS AUCTORITAS FUNDI BIENNIUM EST[O] nos foi transmitido por Cícero e (embora de forma já interpretada) Gaio; e estes a consideram uma espécie de antiga norma a respeito do usucapião (inicialmente apenas de imóveis). Outros juristas antigos e contemporâneos seguiram, em parte, essa interpretação original. O trabalho pretende trazer novos argumentos em favor dessa exegese natural de Cícero e Gaio no sentido de que a dita regra versa sobre usucapião, mais especificamente sobre uma sua forma arcaica e bastante peculiar. Investiga-se o surgimento da propriedade imobiliária em Roma e suas peculiaridades: o sistema augural, quase religioso, de limitação do solo destinado, no início, a todo cidadão romano, conferido por meio de atos de adsignatio (concessão) pelo «estado» em formação, que detinha a auctoritas ou poder; a passagem da soberania das gentes pré-romanas aos Quirites; a gradual privatização a atribuição dessa auctoritas coletiva e diretamente quiritária ao proprietário dessas parcelas de terra e a fragmentação do solo pelo direito privado regulado pela Lei das XII tábuas, que confere autonomia (a auctoritas ou título) aos indíviduos e suas famílias. Acrescenta-se uma breve análise lógica da regra e uma tentativa de a inserir no esquema geral do usucapião moderno. / The usus auctoritas rule from the Twelve Tables was conceived by Jacques Cujas (16th century AD), and many authors thereafter, as an ancient norm that established a warranty against eviction granted by the seller when transferring the ownership of the thing to the buyer through the performance of mancipatio. According to this view, the very word auctoritas is taken to mean warranty, or else to imply an obligation to give warranty, and is intrinsically associated with mancipatio. But the fragment of the sources that state this rule USUS AUCTORITAS FUNDI BIENNIUM EST[O] were brough to us by Cicero and Gaius (the latter in the form of an interpretation of the norm), and both consider it to be an ancient Roman disposition that originally dealt with usucaption of immovable property only. To a certain extent, various ancient and modern jurists accept the latter interpretation. The object of this thesis is to provide new arguments to support the more natural interpretation adopted by Cicero and Gaius, i.e., that the rule in question deals specifically with an archaic and peculiar form of usucapio. The present work analyzes the emergence of private ownership of immovable property in Rome and its peculiarities: the quasi-religious augural system of land apportionment adopted by the fledging Roman state to assign a lot of land to every Roman citizen through the performance of acts of adsignatio (allotment); the sovereignty transferred by the pre-Roman gentes to the Quirites; the process by which land plots were gradually privatized and landowners acquired this once collective and quiritarian auctoritas, and the resulting land apportionment caused by the application of rules of private law based on the Twelve Tables conferring autonomy (auctoritas or title) to individuals and their families. In the final lines, an attempt is made to provide a logical analysis of the rule and to place it within the general conceptual framework of modern usucaption.

In this thesis we presented a new direction for handling missing values in multi agent-based simulation (MABS) at micro-level by using truth tables and logical relations. Although micro-level simulation is a vast field to use logical relations with truth tables to find missing values but it takes values into account at individual levels. We used databases in form of tables to extract missing values. Our literature review suggested us a method for input handling by using electronically saved truth tables. We have defined logical relations according to scenario by interacting with truth tables to find appropriate missing values. Our conclusions suggested a method which can find appropriate values for input parameters when they are missing. Accurate results have been gained according to updated database. In this thesis we have concluded that missing values would be handled in different ways, such as: Artificial neural network, K-nearest neighbor, Statistical method and Data mining; etc… These methods have not facilitated in finding appropriate missing values as we saw in literature. We have created a method that can find missing values and produce good results. We have run our method on a specific scenario to check the efficiency of input handling that motivated us to arrange database in a proper way to handle missing values along.

We present new spatially resolved surface photometry in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV) from images obtained by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and IRAC1 (3.6 mu m) photometry from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S(4)G). We analyze the radial surface brightness profiles mu(FUV), mu(NUV), and mu[3.6], as well as the radial profiles of (FUV - NUV), (NUV -[3.6]), and (FUV -[3.6]) colors in 1931 nearby galaxies (z < 0.01). The analysis of the 3.6 mu m surface brightness profiles also allows us to separate the bulge and disk components in a quasi-automatic way and to compare their light and color distribution with those predicted by the chemo-spectrophotometric models for the evolution of galaxy disks of Boissier & Prantzos. The exponential disk component is best isolated by setting an inner radial cutoff and an upper surface brightness limit in stellar mass surface density. The best-fitting models to the measured scale length and central surface brightness values yield distributions of spin and circular velocity within a factor of two of those obtained via direct kinematic measurements. We find that at a surface brightness fainter than mu([3.6]) = 20.89 mag arcsec(-2), or below 3 x 10(8) M-circle dot kpc(-2) in stellar mass surface density, the average specific star formation rate (sSFR) for star-forming and quiescent galaxies remains relatively flat with radius. However, a large fraction of GALEX Green Valley galaxies show a radial decrease in sSFR. This behavior suggests that an outside-in damping mechanism, possibly related to environmental effects, could be testimony of an early evolution of galaxies from the blue sequence of star-forming galaxies toward the red sequence of quiescent galaxies.

There is a great deal of concern regarding teacher impacts on student achievement being used as a substantial portion of a teacher’s performance evaluation. This study investigated the degree of concordance and discordance between mathematics teacher ranking using value tables and covariate regression, which have both been used as measures for teacher effectiveness. The researcher examined teacher rankings, before and after the state recommended classification, using correlational techniques, comparison matrices, and visual examination for value-added scores derived from the value table versus the covariate regression approach. Examination demonstrated strong correlations between the initial rankings (r = .77 to .98) and a high concordance (γ = .96 to 1.0) once the recommended classifications were applied to the teachers rankings. The overall implications of this project are that more complex methods may parse the impact information out with higher statistical accuracy, however, once the recommended classification is applied to the methods there may be very little difference in the classification of teachers.

Entre septembre 1853 et octobre 1855, Victor Hugo, en exil à Jersey depuis le mois d’août 1852, se livre quasi quotidiennement à des séances spirites. Lors de celles-ci, Hugo dialogue avec les esprits les plus illustres : Dante, Shakespeare, Jésus, Eschyle, Galilée… et les formes les plus abstraites comme l’Ombre du Sépulcre, le Drame ou la Mort. Cette inquiétante plongée spirituelle et poétique, sera consignée dans quatre cahiers qui doivent constituer ce que Victor Hugo nommera Le Livre des Tables. Deux cahiers seulement nous sont parvenus. L’un en 1962, sur lequel s’appuient les principales études hugoliennes liées à cette période de l’exil, et le second en 1972 qui rend caduques, erronées ou incomplètes toutes les études publiées à cette date. Notre intention consiste à établir une édition critique des deux cahiers originaux rédigés à Jersey, pour l’un en 1854, pour l’autre en 1855. Ce dernier manuscrit n’ayant jamais fait l’objet d’une exploitation critique ou éditoriale. L’intérêt de la présente édition ne se limite pas à un texte qui se voudrait sérieusement établi et à une annotation qui tente d’apporter quelques éclaircissements ; il réside surtout dans la réunion, ce qui n’a pas été fait à ce jour, de l’ensemble des documents existants : les deux cahiers originaux rédigés à Jersey, les procès-verbaux disponibles et inédits, ainsi que d’autres documents, des lettres notamment, découverts dans les fonds de la Maison de Victor Hugo.Cette Edition critique du Livre des Tables a pour premier objectif de retracer l’histoire et la chronologie des quatre cahiers rédigés à Jersey, d’établir ensuite les circonstances et les modalités de la rédaction de ceux-ci avant de faire apparaître la part réelle prise par Hugo dans la rédaction des deux cahiers à notre disposition. Enfin, il s’agit de mettre en évidence l’influence considérable de cette période spirite sur la production hugolienne ainsi que sur l’ensemble du système de pensée de Hugo / Between September 1853 and October 1855, Victor Hugo, who had been in exile in Jersey since August 1852, practiced spiritualism nearly everyday. During those sessions, Hugo conversed with the most illustrious of spirits, such as Dante, Shakespeare, Jesus, Eschyle, Galileo as well as with the most abstract of forms, like The Shadow of the Sepulchre, Drama or Death. This puzzling journey deep into spiritualism and poetry was compiled into four notebooks which were to form what Victor Hugo called The Book Of Tables. We have got hold of only two notebooks - one in 1962, on which the main studies about Hugo's time in exile rely, and the second in 1972, which made all the studies published at the time obsolete, erroneous or incomplete. We intend to design a critical edition of the two original notebooks written in Jersey in 1854 and in 1855 respectively. The later one has never been subjected to critical analysis or editorial work. The hereby edition is not to be understood as a seriously established text or as an attempt to bring clarifications through annotations. Above all, its relevance lies in what has not been done yet, that is, the gathering of all the existing documents : the two original notebooks written in Jersey, the available and so far unpublished official records along with other documents, among which letters that have been discovered in the collection the Maison de Victor Hugo. The Critical Edition of The Book Of Tables firstly aims to draw the history and chronology of the four notebooks written in Jersey ; its second purpose is to establish the circumstances and modalities in which they were set down so as to make the actual part played by Hugo in the writing of the two notebooks come to light. Finally, it aims to bring out the considerable influence of Hugo's spiritualist time on his production as well as on all his system of thought.

Currently in South Africa when an individual is injured due to the acts of another they may claim damages for the losses which they may incur. These can be claimed from a variety of institutions, such as the Road Accident Fund, Workmen's compensation or an individual's private insurance. In all the afore-mentioned cases the calculation of damages are along the same lines, whereby the damages are quantified first, and thereafter reduced to reflect future possibilities that may occur. Traditionally future losses are reduced to reflect the possibility that the claimant may die at an age prior to the loss being incurred. To account for this risk awards for future losses are reduced using standard South African mortality tables. The set of tables currently being used were calculated from the 1985 South African census, and as such encapsulate the mortality of the population at that period. When the tables were calculated no reliable statistics were available for the Black population the result is that the tables currently being used do not contain a sample of the majority of the population. The thesis first examines, in detail, the calculation methods used to arrive at the value for damages to be awarded using the current set of life tables. Thereafter an analysis is conducted looking at differences between racial groups in the country and geographic locations, in order to uncover the mortality differences between groups to confirm or disprove the proposition that the exclusion of the Black population results in lower levels of mortality being reflected in the South African 1984-1986 life tables. This is accompanied by a review of mortality trenps in South African since 1986. Following from the findings of the expected increase in mortality since 1986, alternative life tables shall be used to show what impact these would have on the calculation of damages. Due to the fact that none of the alternatives return satisfactory results, structured settlements shall be reviewed to illustrate how the shortcomings of the lump sum approach can be circumvented, and altogether avoid the problems of out dated life tables being used as a basis for damage calculations. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

Un hyperviseur est un logiciel qui virtualise les ressources d'une machine physique pour permettre à plusieurs systèmes d'exploitation invités de s'exécuter simultanément dessus. L'hyperviseur étant le gestionnaire des ressources, un bug peut être critique pour les systèmes invités. Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons aux propriétés d'isolation de la mémoire d'un hyperviseur de type 1, qui virtualise la mémoire en utilisant des Shadow Page Tables. Plus précisément, nous présentons un modèle concret et un modèle abstrait de l'hyperviseur, et nous prouvons formellement que les systèmes d'exploitation invités ne peuvent pas altérer ou accéder aux données privées des autres s'ils n'en ont pas la permission. Nous utilisons le langage et l'assistant de preuve développés par Prove & Run pour ce faire. Le modèle concret comporte beaucoup d'optimisations, qui rendent les structures de données et les algorithmes complexes, il est donc difficile de raisonner dessus. C'est pourquoi nous construisons un modèle abstrait dans lequel il est plus facile de raisonner. Nous prouvons les propriétés sur le modèle abstrait, et nous prouvons formellement sa correspondance avec le modèle concret, de telle manière que les preuves sur le modèle abstrait s'appliquent au modèle concret. La preuve correspondance n'est valable que pour des états concrets qui respectent certaines propriétés, nous prouvons que ces propriétés sont des invariants du système concret. La preuve s'articule donc en trois phases : la preuve d'invariants au niveau concret, la preuve de correspondance entre les modèles abstraits et concret, et la preuve des propriétés de sécurité au niveau abstrait. / A hypervisor is a software which virtualizes hardware resources, allowing several guest operating systems to run simultaneously on the same machine. Since the hypervisor manages the access to resources, a bug can be critical for the guest Oses. In this thesis, we focus on memory isolation properties of a type 1 hypervisor, which virtualizes memory using Shadow Page Tables. More precisely, we present a low-level and a high-level model of the hypervisor, and we formally prove that guest OSes cannot access or tamper with private data of other guests, unless they have the authorization to do so. We use the language and the proof assistant developed by Prove & Run. There are many optimizations in the low-level model, which makes the data structures and algorithms complexes. It is therefore difficult to reason on such a model. To circumvent this issue, we design an abstract model in which it is easier to reason. We prove properties on the abstract model, and we prove its correspondence with the low-level model, in such a way that properties proved on the abstract model also hold for the low-level model. The correspondence proof is valid only for low-level states which respect some properties. We prove that these properties are invariants of the low-level system. The proof can be divided into three parts : the proof of invariants preservation on the low-level, the proof of correspondence between abstract and low-level models, and proof of the security properties on the abstract level.

The linear feedback shift-register is a widely used tool for generating cryptographic sequences. The properties of the Galois model discussed here offer many opportunities to improve the implementations that already exist. We explore the overall properties of the phases of the Galois model and conjecture a relation with modular Golomb rulers. This conjecture points to an efficient method for constructing non-linear filtering generators which fulfil Golic s design criteria in order to maximise protection against his inversion attack. We also produce a number of methods which can improve the rate of output of sequences by combining particular distinct phases of smaller elementary sequences.

The main aim of my thesis is to compare results of different groups of students who took part in the statistic course on VŠE. The thesis is dividend into two parts. The first part is focused on theoretical solution of used data comparison. The second part is practical and it is focused on results comparison from different angles with descriptive statistics and some statisistics tests. The results from partial comparison of data from different points of view are summarized at the end of the thesis.

The aim of the thesis is to present the process connected with the identification of industrial clusters and to point out possible methods and instruments that are useable by such identification. The target is not only focussed on description of these methods but also on consideration that the methods are likewise useful in regions of Czech Republic, especially taken into account the existing offer of regional data. The diplom thesis consists of three parts. The first part represents theoretical introduction to clusters' problem. The second part, also the theoretical one, deals widely with quantitative and qualitative methods and with procedures and clasification that belong to these methods. The third part applies the theoretical knowledge into practices. The comparison methods are used in the theoretical part and the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and induction are used in the practical part. The diplom thesis brings a quantitative extension of methods that have been used so far when identifying the industrial clusters in Czech Republic. Due to the present trend of prefering the qualitative methods, the extension of quantitative methods could be seen as a retrograde act. But the conditions of Czech Republic tourned out that, in fact, it is a suitable extension of statistical instruments.