FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / INTRODUÃÃO: O tratamento da Tuberculose à complexo e demorado, envolvendo a associaÃÃo de vÃrios fÃrmacos. A taxa de abandono do tratamento à elevada e pode levar ao surgimento de formas resistentes da M. tuberculosis. A OrganizaÃÃo Mundial de SaÃde recomendou a implantaÃÃo do tratamento diretamente observado de curta duraÃÃo (em inglÃs, Directly Observed-Short Course Treatment â DOTS), como estratÃgia para que os pacientes tenham tratamento adequadamente acompanhado. No Brasil, o Programa SaÃde da FamÃlia tem gerado perspectivas de ampliaÃÃo de acesso do paciente com TB ao sistema de saÃde, de forma a favorecer o cumprimento das metas estabelecidas pela OrganizaÃÃo Mundial de SaÃde, com respeito à detecÃÃo de casos novos e tratamento da doenÃa. O controle da tuberculose depende ainda da aÃÃo dos gestores na proposiÃÃo de estratÃgias em nÃvel nacional para busca ativa de casos novos, intervenÃÃo em grupos de risco, cuidados com a adesÃo ao tratamento, aumento do nÃvel de informaÃÃo, vigilÃncia epidemiolÃgica. Entretanto, o estado da arte sobre o tratamento da TB revela que ainda à insuficiente o que està sendo realizado em nÃvel de controle da doenÃa. Neste aspecto, o projeto visa oferecer subsÃdios para a proposiÃÃo do desenvolvimento de um modelo de serviÃo em FarmÃcia clÃnica no atendimento ao paciente com TB. OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes com tuberculose em tratamento, e o nÃvel de satisfaÃÃo do atendimento em um Centro de SaÃde Carlos Ribeiro Fortaleza, no perÃodo de janeiro a dezembro de 2007. MÃTODOS: Estudo transversal em pacientes diagnosticados com tuberculose em tratamento no Centro de SaÃde Carlos Ribeiro, situado na Secretaria Executiva Regional I, FORTALEZA. RESULTADOS: Os resultados principais foram que os pacientes, 32,5 % eram do sexo feminino e 67,5% do sexo masculino. As idades variaram de 12-81 anos, sendo a faixa etÃria de 12 a 25 (33,3%), 26 a 35 (20,5%), 36 a 45 (24,4%), 46 a 55 anos (12,8%) e 56 a 65 (9,0%). Segundo a escolaridade 21,7% analfabetos, 16,9% 1 a 3 anos, 22,9% 4 a 7 anos, 38,6% mais de 7 anos. Quanto à questÃo ocupacional, 39,8% trabalhavam mesmo informalmente e 60,2% nÃo trabalhavam. Quanto Ãs moradias, a maioria delas era abastecida por Ãgua encanada (88.0%), 31,3% nÃo possuÃam esgoto, 34,9% eram pouco ventiladas, 33,3% apresentavam de 1 a 3 cÃmodos, 34,9 % abrigavam de 5 a 11 pessoas por residÃncia. Quanto ao conhecimento sobre a doenÃa, 34,9% dos pacientes nÃo tinham conhecimento sobre a TB e 41,0% nÃo sabiam como ocorria a transmissÃo da TB. Quanto ao acompanhamento microbiolÃgico durante o tratamento, poucos realizaram o monitoramento de acordo com o protocolo do MinistÃrio da SaÃde. Quanto Ãs reaÃÃes adversas provÃveis aos antimicrobianos, 77,1% % haviam se queixado de algum evento adverso durante o tratamento. Quanto ao desfecho do tratamento, 71,1 % concluÃram o tratamento e 15,7% abandonaram o mesmo. CONCLUSÃES: Os pacientes, em sua maioria do sexo masculino e na faixa etÃria produtiva, apresentaram um perfil similar ao de outros estudos, com alta taxa de analfabetismo, desemprego, com hÃbitos de etilismo e tabagismo. Verificou no estudo o conhecimento inadequado por parte da populaÃÃo estudada sobre a doenÃa e seu tratamento. Observou-se tambÃm que a qualidade no atendimento do paciente foi considerada inadequado. Procedimentos como a monitorizaÃÃo microbiolÃgico e a monitorizaÃÃo das reaÃÃes adversas nÃo vinham sendo realizados. Talvez por isso, observou se uma maior taxa de abandono e consequentemente uma menor taxa de cura. O estudo pode resgatar a partir dos entrevistados sugestÃes para a melhoria da qualidade do atendimento. Desta maneira, o trabalho conseguiu atingir seus objetivos de oferecer subsÃdios para futuro estabelecimento de um modelo para o acompanhamento do tratamento do paciente com tuberculose. / INTRODUCTION : TB has a long-term complex treatment and involves the association of various drugs. The rate of treatment abandonment is high and can lead to the appearance of resistant forms of M. tuberculosis. The World Health Organization recommends the implementation of the Directly Observed Treatment Short Course â DOTS, as a strategy for the detection of new cases and for achieving the completion of TB treatment. In Brazil, the Family Health Program expanded the access of the patient to health care, facilitating the follow-up of his treatment and case detection. The TB control also depends on the government management in order to make available national programs for case active searching, treatment adherence, intervention in risk groups, information accessibility, epidemiological surveillance. However, the state-of-the-art of the TB treatment reveals that it is still insufficient what is being done for the disease control. In this aspect, our work aims to get subsidies for the proposal of a service establishment model in Clinical Pharmacy. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the profile of tuberculosis patients under treatment and their level of satisfaction with the service in the Health Center Carlos Ribeiro, from January to December, 2007. METHODS: Descriptive, observational, transversal study of TB patients in treatment at the Health Center Carlos Ribeiro, Fortaleza. RESULTS: The main findings were that among patients, 32.5% were female and 67.5% male. The ages ranged from 12 to 81 years and the age of 12 to 25 (33.3%), 26 to 35 (20.5%), 36 to 45 (24.4%), 46 to 55 (12.8%) and 56 to 65 years (9.0%). According to school graduation, 21.7% were illiterate, 16.9% had studied for 1 to 3 years, 22.9%, for 4 to 7 years, 38.6% more than 7 years. In respect to the job issue, 39.8% were informally employed and 60.2% were unemployed. In respect to the housing, most of them had water supply (88.0%), but few had water drainage (31.3%). Thirty four percent of the houses were poorly ventilated and had 1 to 3 rooms, with 5 to 11 people per residence. In respect to the disease knowledge, 34.9% of the patients were not aware of which kind of disease TB was, and 41,0% did not know how the TB transmission could occur. In respect to the microbiological monitoring during treatment, few have done the whole schedule. In respect to drug adverse reaction, 77.1% have complained about at least one adverse event during the treatment. In respect to completion of the treatment, only 71.1% have concluded it; the others have abandoned it. CONCLUSION: The patients, mostly of the male gender on productive age, presented similar profile compared to other studies, with low graduation rates, alcoholism and smoking habits, unemployment. It has been observed that a percentage of that population had no knowledge about the disease and its treatment. It was also observed that the quality of patient care was considered inadequate. Procedures such as monitoring and microbiological monitoring of adverse reactions had not been conducted. Maybe so, it noted a higher rate, and consequently a lower rate of cure.Anyhow, the study could achieve its goal, that is, to offer subsidies for a future strategy planning model for the follow-up of the TB patient considering Clinical Pharmacy.

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os determinantes sociais da saúde associados à mortalidade por TB e verificar as mortes precoces ocorridas por TB e TB/HIV e seus fatores associados, por meio de duas abordagens: uma de base ecológica e uma de base individual, utilizando análise espacial e de sobrevida. O estudo foi realizado na capital do Paraná, Curitiba; e, para análise espacial, foram consideradas as 148 unidades de desenvolvimento humano (UDH). A população de estudo foi composta dos casos de mortes por TB como causa básica (CID 15-19). Para análise de sobrevida, foram acrescidos os casos de mortes pela coinfecção TB/HIV (CID 20.0). Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e do Sistema de Informações sobre Doenças de Notificação (SINAN) referentes ao período 2008 a 2015. As Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano foram caracterizadas de acordo com a mortalidade por TB e com as variáveis dos determinantes sociais da saúde. Inicialmente os casos de óbitos por TB foram geocodificados e calculadas taxas de mortalidade bruta, taxa Bayesiana e investigados quanto à autocorrelação espacial e existência de aglomerados de risco por meio da técnica de varredura espacial e obtidos riscos relativos espaciais. Para correlacionar as áreas de risco espacial para mortalidade por TB foi utilizada a regressão logística, tendo como variável dependente área de risco: sim e não, e após avaliado com uso da curva ROC, também foi elaborado um mapa de sobreposição de áreas de risco dos determinantes sociais da saúde e correlacionados com aglomerados de risco para mortalidade. Por último, para investigar as mortes precoces por TB e TB/HIV e fatores associados foi utilizada a técnica de Kaplan-Meier e Regressão de Cox. Foram identificados 131 óbitos por TB, dos quais 126 (96,2%) foram geocodificados e 05 (4,8%) foram excluídos devido a endereços incompletos. Para a primeira fase, foram calculadas as taxas resultado em taxa média bruta de 1,07/100.000 habitantes. As mortes estiveram distribuídas de maneira difusa, porém, com maior concentração nas regiões periféricas e sul do município. Foi detectado um aglomerado espacial de risco na região sul para mortalidade por TB e para variáveis dos determinantes sociais da saúde, sendo onde as piores condições foram detectadas. O estudo confirmou a relação entre os determinantes sociais e as áreas de risco de mortes por TB quando relacionados com a Dimensão 1 extraída com (OR= 0,093; IC95% 0,34-0,25). O mapa de sobreposição dos aglomerados de risco relacionados com aglomerado para mortalidade por TB resultou em um OR= 5,98 (IC95%: 2,41-14,49) e curva ROC= 0,865; IC95%=0,796-0,934. Na segunda fase, ao analisar as mortes precoces por TB, foi encontrada uma mediana de dias sobrevividos de 22 dias, sendo que 88 (59,1%) dos pacientes morreram até 30 dias após o diagnóstico e 107 (72,5%) após 60 dias (mínimo: 1, máximo: 349, D.P: 68,8 e média: 50 dias). Dentre os 179 óbitos analisados, 105 (58,6%) óbitos tinham diagnóstico de TB (CID 15.0-19) e 74 (41,4%) óbitos a coinfecção TB/HIV (CID 20.0). A maioria dos casos ocorreu em pessoas do sexo masculino, 138 (77,1%), da raça/ cor branca predominante 120 (67%) e a média de idade foi de 47 anos (mínimo:20, máximo: 94, mediana: 44, DP: 14). Os resultados corroboram com a necessidade de melhorias múltiplas nas condições de vida da população, com enfoque nas regiões mais vulneráveis (áreas de aglomerados de risco espacial) identificadas e políticas específicas para prevenção do uso de álcool, diante da identificação deste fator associado às mortes precoces / The objective of the study was to analyze the social determinants of health associated with TB mortality and to verify the early deaths caused by TB and TB / HIV and their associated factors, through two approaches: one based on an ecological basis and an individual basis using analysis spatial and survival The study was carried out in the capital of Paraná, Curitiba; and for spatial analysis, the 148 human development units (UDH) were considered. The study population was composed of cases of TB deaths as the underlying cause (ICD 15-19). Survival analysis included cases of TB / HIV coinfection deaths (ICD 20.0). Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Notification Disease Information System (SINAN) for the period 2008 to 2015. The Human Development Units were characterized according to TB mortality and the variables determinants of health. Initially the cases of TB deaths were geocoded and gross mortality rates, Bayesian taxa were calculated and investigated for spatial autocorrelation and existence of clusters of risk by means of the spatial scanning technique and obtained relative spatial risks. In order to correlate spatial risk areas with mortality from TB, logistic regression was used as a risk variable: yes and no and after being evaluated using the ROC curve, a map of overlapping risk areas of social determinants correlated with clusters of risk for mortality. A total of 131 TB deaths were identified, 126 (96.2%) of which were geocoded and 05 (4%) of the deaths were TB and HIV and associated factors were Kaplan-Meier and Cox Regression. A total of 131 TB deaths were identified, of which 126 (96.2%) were geocoded and 05 (4.8%) were excluded due to incomplete addresses. For the first phase, the results were calculated at a gross average rate of 1.07 / 100,000 inhabitants. The deaths were distributed in a diffuse way, however, with greater concentration in the peripheral and southern regions of the municipality. It was detected a spatial cluster of risk in the southern region for mortality by TB and for variables of the social determinants of health and where the worst conditions were detected. The study confirmed the relationship between social determinants and risk areas for TB deaths when related to Dimension 1 extracted with (OR= 0,093; IC95% 0,34-0,25). The map of overlapping cluster-related risk clusters for TB mortality resulted in an OR= 5.95 IC95%=2.41-14.49 and ROC curve= 0.865 (CI95%= 0.796-0.934). In the second phase, when analyzing the early TB deaths, a median number of surviving days of 22 days was found, of which 88 (59.1%) died within 30 days after diagnosis and 107 (72.5%) after 60 days days (minimum: 1, maximum: 349, SD: 68.8 and average: 50 days). Among the 179 deaths analyzed, 105 (58.6%) deaths had a diagnosis of TB (ICD 15.0-19) and 74 (41.4%) had TB / HIV co-infection (ICD 20.0). The majority of the cases occurred in males, 138 (77.1%), the predominant white race (67%) and the mean age was 47 years (minimum: 20, maximum: 94, median: 44, DP: 14). The results corroborate the need for multiple improvements in the living conditions of the population, with a focus on the most vulnerable regions (areas of agglomerates of spatial risk) identified and specific policies to prevent alcohol use, in view of the identification of this factor associated with early deaths

Introduksjon: QuantiFERON®TB Gold (QFT) er en ny blodtest for påvisning av tuberkulosesmitte, men med få data så langt fra undersøkelse av immigranter. Målet med studien var å sammenligne resultat av QFT og tuberkulin hudtest blant nyankomne asylsøkere i Norge og å vurdere hvilken rolle QFT bør ha i screening for latent tuberkulose. Metode: Alle asylsøkere, 18 år eller eldre, som ankom Tanum asylmottak fra september 2005 ble invitert til å delta og ble inkludert etter informert samtykke. Inkludering pågikk inntil et forhåndsbestemt antall på 1000 inkluderte ble nådd. Siste deltager ble inkludert i juni 2006. Deltagelse innebar en QFT test og standardiserte spørsmål, i tillegg til den lovpålagte tuberkulintesten og lungerøntgen. Resultat: Totalt 2813 asylsøkere ankom Tanum asylmottak i inkluderingsperioden (sept 05-juni 06).  Blant de 1000 deltagerne hadde 912 gyldige testresultater og ble inkludert i analysen, 29 % (264) hadde positiv QFT, mens 50 % (460) hadde positiv tuberkulintest (indurasjon &gt; 6mm). Det indikerer en høy andel smittede personer i denne gruppen. Blant deltagere med positiv tuberkulintest hadde 50 % negativ QFT, mens 7 % av dem med negativ tuberkulintest hadde positiv QFT. Det var en signifikant sammenheng mellom økning i tuberkulinutslag og sannsynligheten for å ha positiv QFT. Samsvar mellom testene var 71-79%, avhengig av grenseverdi for tuberkulin. Det var bedre samsvar mellom testene for ikke-vaksinerte personer. Konklusjon: Ved å implementere QFT som rutine kan videre oppfølging avsluttes for 42% av dem som ville ha blitt henvist basert kun på tuberkulinresultat (&gt; 6mm). Andelen som henvises vil være den samme enten QFT implementeres som erstatning for eller som supplement for å bekrefte en positiv tuberkulinreaksjon, men antallet som testes vil variere mye. Ulike tilnærminger vil identifisere samme andel (88-89%) av asylsøkere med positiv QFT og/eller sterkt positiv tuberkulinutslag (&gt;15mm), men ulike grupper vil mistes. / Introduction: QuantiFERON®TB Gold (QFT), a new blood test that detects tuberculosis infection, currently provides few data from immigrant screening. This study aimed to compare results of QFT and tuberculin skin tests (TST) among newly arrived asylum seekers in Norway and also assess the role of QFT in screening for latent tuberculosis. Methods: All asylum seekers, 18 years or older, who arrived at Tanum reception center from September 2005 were invited to participate and included after informed consent. Enrollment was continued until a fixed sample size of 1000 participants was reached. The last participant was included in June 2006. In addition to mandatory TST and chest X-ray, study participants underwent a QFT test and answered standardized questions. Results: A total of 2813 asylum seekers arrived at Tanum reception center during the inclusion period. Among the 1000 study participants, 912 showed valid test results and were included in analysis; 29% (264) had a positive QFT test and 50% (460) tested positive with TST (indurations &gt;6 mm), indicating a high proportion of latent infection within this population. Among the TST-positive participants, 50% were QFT-negative, whereas 7% of the TST-negative participants were QFT-positive. A significant association occurred between increase in size of TST induration and positive QFT result. Test agreement (71%–79%) depended on the chosen TST cut-off and was higher for nonvaccinated individuals. Conclusions: By implementing QFT as a routine screening test further follow up can be avoided for 42% of asylum seekers who would have been referred based only on a positive TST (&gt;6 mm). The proportion of individuals referred remained the same whether QFT replaced TST or confirmed a positive TST; however, the number of individuals tested varied greatly. Different approaches would identify the same proportion (88%-89%) of asylum seekers with either a positive QFT or a strongly positive TST (&gt;15 mm), but different groups will be missed. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-53-5</p>

Les propriétés structurales et de luminescence de couches minces de TiO2 et Y2O3 dopées terres rares (thulium, terbium et ytterbium) ont été étudiées en vue de les intégrer dans une cellule photovoltaïque comme couche de conversion spectrale du proche UV vers l’infrarouge afin d’en améliorer l’efficacité. Ces couches minces ont été synthétisées par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur à pression atmosphérique à l’aide de précurseurs organo-métalliques et assisté par aérosol (aerosol assisted MOCVD). Les couches minces sont partiellement cristallisées dès la synthèse (400°C pour le TiO2 en phase anatase, 540°C pour Y2O3 en phase cubique). Après traitement thermique la cristallisation est largement améliorée et la luminescence des ions dopant terres rares est obtenue dans les deux matrices oxydes. Le thulium émet dans une large bande située vers 800 nm et l’ytterbium vers 980 nm. Le terbium quand à lui émet dans une gamme située principalement dans le visible. Les spectres d’excitation ont montré que l’absorption des photons se fait via la matrice. En matrice TiO2 une efficacité de transfert d’énergie du Tm3+ vers l’Yb3+ de l’ordre de 20 % a été déterminée pour des teneurs de 0,8 % des deux dopants, ce qui correspond à la limite d’auto-extinction. Le rendement global mesuré est faible, nous avons montré que les causes probables de cette faible valeur sont le manque d’absorption des couches minces pour obtenir l’excitation de l’ion sensibilisateur ainsi que des processus de luminescence et de down conversion pas assez efficaces. / Structural and luminescence properties of rare-earth-doped (thulium, terbium and ytterbium) thin films of yttrium oxide and titanium oxide were studied as a down-converting layer from near-UV to infrared for integration in solar cells to improve their yield. These thin films were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric pressure with organo-metallic precursors and assisted by aerosol (aerosol assisted MOCVD). The thin films were partially crystallized as deposited (400°C in the anatase phase for TiO2 , 540°C in the cubic phase for Y2O3). After annealing the crystallization is greatly improved and the rare-earth ion luminescence is obtained in both oxide matrices. The thulium emits in a large band centered around 800 nm and the ytterbium at 980 nm. The terbium emits mainly in the visible range. Excitation spectra showed that the photon absorption occurs in the matrix. In the TiO2 matrix a transfer rate from Tm to Yb of 20 % was measured for doping of 0,8 % for both rare-earth, which corresponds to the quenching limit. The overall measured yield is low, we showed that the probable reasons were the thin films’ lack of absorption to obtain the excitation of the sensitizer ion and a low efficiency of luminescence and down-conversion processes.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The global impact of the converging dual epidemics of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the major public health challenges of our time, because in many countries, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It is found that infection with HIV increases the risk of reactivating latent TB infection, and HIV-infected individuals who acquire new TB infections have high rates of disease progression. Research has shown that these two diseases are enormous public health burden, and unfortunately, not much has been done in terms of modeling the dynamics of HIV-TB co-infection at a population level. In this thesis, we study these models and design and analyze robust numerical methods to solve them. To proceed in this direction, first we study the sub-models and then the full model. The first sub-model describes the transmission dynamics of HIV that accounts for behavior change. The impact of HIV educational campaigns is also studied. Further, we explore the effects of behavior change and different responses of individuals to educational campaigns in a situation where individuals may not react immediately to these campaigns. This is done by considering a distributed time delay in the HIV sub-model. This leads to Hopf bifurcations around the endemic equilibria of the model. These bifurcations correspond to the existence of periodic solutions that oscillate around the equilibria at given thresholds. Further, we show how the delay can result in more HIV infections causing more increase in the HIV prevalence. Part of this study is then extended to study a co-infection model of HIV-TB. A thorough bifurcation analysis is carried out for this model. Robust numerical methods are then designed and analyzed for these models. Comparative numerical results are also provided for each model. / South Africa

MPH / Department of Public Health

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) treatment among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infected TB patients, and identify factors associated with these outcomes. A quantitative cross-sectional analytic design was used. Patient level secondary data was collected and analysed for the study. A total of 575 TB patients, including 360 non-HIV infected, 169 HIV co-infected and 46 without a documented HIV status, were enrolled. The overall treatment success rate was 91.5%, and HIV co-infected TB patients had a high rate (11.8%) of unfavourable outcomes. The cure rate was significantly lower (10.1% versus 24.2%) and the death rate higher in HIV co-infected patients (8.3% versus 2.5%). Age and TB classification were significantly associated with treatment outcome. No association was found with starting ART, Cotrimoxazole prophylactic treatment or enrolment in HIV care, but 22% of HIV co-infected TB patients were taking ART when they developed TB disease / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) treatment among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infected TB patients, and identify factors associated with these outcomes. A quantitative cross-sectional analytic design was used. Patient level secondary data was collected and analysed for the study. A total of 575 TB patients, including 360 non-HIV infected, 169 HIV co-infected and 46 without a documented HIV status, were enrolled. The overall treatment success rate was 91.5%, and HIV co-infected TB patients had a high rate (11.8%) of unfavourable outcomes. The cure rate was significantly lower (10.1% versus 24.2%) and the death rate higher in HIV co-infected patients (8.3% versus 2.5%). Age and TB classification were significantly associated with treatment outcome. No association was found with starting ART, Cotrimoxazole prophylactic treatment or enrolment in HIV care, but 22% of HIV co-infected TB patients were taking ART when they developed TB disease / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

No description available.

This study assessed implementation status of collaborative TB/HIV services in Addis Ababa City Administration aiming to promote better implementation strategies. The study employed mixed research methods and was descriptive. The study design used both quantitative and qualitative data using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interview guides, respectively. The study population for the quantitative design included 1,683 TB/HIV patients from 10 conveniently selected health facilities: Zewditu and Menelik Hospitals, health centres of Lideta, Yeka, Kazanchis, NifaSilk-Lafto-No1, Woreda-7, Kality, Bole and Gulele. All the patients who were on their follow-up cares during the data collection period were interviewed. Participants for qualitative design were 1,650 TB/HIV patients for short answered questions; 8 FGDs among patients; interview of 10 TB/HIV care facility coordinators/health workers and one regional TB/HIV care coordinator, all purposively selected. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS 15.0, while qualitative data were thematically analysed manually. Majority of HIV patients (92.8%) self-reported that they had been screened for TB; of which, 11.2% were diagnosed for active TB during their follow-up cares. Whereas, 87.1% of TB patients had been offered for HIV test; 79.8% tested; 20.2% tested positive. Knowledge on TB and HIV diseases, transmission and prevention was found to be low. However, participants appreciated the support of the healthcare delivery system in improving their health. Collaborative TB/HIV activities brought additional on-the-job training for healthcare workers; improved flow of logistics and re-arrangement of infrastructures of facilities. The study revealed that, implementation of collaborative TB/HIV activities in Addis Ababa need boosting. The study recommends the need for coordinated efforts of all stakeholders for improving implementation of collaborative TB/HIV care services, as identified by this study. The contribution of this study developed pocket-guide for healthcare workers on collaborative TB/HIV care services, which provides guidance in promoting better TB/HIV care / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)