Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:29:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851622.pdf: 961386 bytes, checksum: bf132ab8813673411d4b6dbc521e732b (MD5) / A doxorrubicina (DOX) é um medicamento amplamente utilizado como agente quimioterápico, tendo eficácia no tratamento de inúmeros tipos de cânceres. Entretanto, o uso desse medicamento pode proporcionar efeitos indesejáveis, como a cardiotoxidade. Diferentes mecanismos têm sido propostos para a cardiotoxicidade induzida pela doxorrubicina, como o estresse oxidativo, inflamação e alterações da matriz extracelular, levando ao processo de remodelação cardíaca. Chá verde (Camellia sinensis), uma das bebidas mais populares em todo o mundo, tem demonstrado uma relação positiva entre o seu consumo habitual e a proteção contra doenças cardiovasculares e contra alguns tipos de neoplasias. Isso se deve as propriedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatórias, antiapoptóticas encontradas nas catequinas, presentes no chá verde. Portanto, é possível que o mesmo atenue os afeitos cardiotóxicos da doxorrubicina, retardando o processo de remodelação cardíaca. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se o extrato de chá verde atenua a remodelação cardíaca induzida pela doxorrubicina, por meio da avaliação de variáveis bioquímicas, celulares, intersticiais e variáveis morfofuncionais cardíacas. Para isso, foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos com peso de 300 á 350 gramas. Esses animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: CP (controle) que receberam ração padrão e administração intraperitoneal de solução salina, CCV (controle + chá verde) que receberam ração adicionada de extrato de chá verde e administração intraperitoneal de solução salina, DX (doxorrubicina) que receberam ração padrão e administração intraperitoneal de doxorrubicina e DX-CV (doxorrubicina + chá verde) que receberam ração adicionada de extrato de chá verde e administração intraperitoneal de doxorrubicina. A ração foi ofertada por 35 dias e no 33◦ dia foi feita a infusão de doxorrubicina ou de solução salina foram na mesma proporção... / Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used drug as a chemotherapeutic agent having efficacy in the treatment of numerous cancers. However, use of this drug may provide undesirable effects such as cardiotoxicity. Various mechanisms have been proposed for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, such as oxidative stress, inflammation and alterations in the extracellular matrix, leading to cardiac remodeling. Green tea (Camellia sinensis), the most popular drinks in the world, has demonstrated a positive relationship between regular consumption and protection against cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer. This is the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic found in catechins present in green tea. It is therefore possible that it mitigates the cardiotoxic fond of doxorubicin, slowing the process of cardiac remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the green tea extract attenuates cardiac remodeling induced by doxorubicin, through the evaluation of biochemical variables, cell phones, and interstitial cardiac morphofunctional variables. For this, was used male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 grams. These animals were divided into 4 groups: CP (control) received standard chow and intraperitoneal administration of saline, CCV (control + green tea) receiving feed added green tea extract and intraperitoneal administration of saline, DX (Doxorubicin) who received standard chow and intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin and DX-CV (doxorubicin + green tea) fed diets with added green tea extract and intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin. The feed was supplied for 35 days and on day 33◦ doxorubicin or infusion of saline solution were carried out in the same ratio (20 mg / kg single dose) and the animals were euthanized 48 hours after drug injection. The rats were subjected to the echocardiography before and 48 hours after injection of doxorubicin. Was conducted evaluation of oxidative stress by spectrophotometry ...

Photoaged skin caused by chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is characterised clinically with hyperpigmentation, coarse skin texture and deep wrinkles; the worst outcome is skin cancer. Histological investigation of the alteration within major extracellular matrices (ECM; elastic fibres, fibrillar collagens) is essential study to understand the cellular effect on skin structure from UVR. This thesis used an acute dose of radiation to examine in humans in vivo the effect of UVR on ECM components before assessing whether a dietary intervention could protect skin from UVR damage. Green tea catechins (GTCs) have anti-oxidant properties and may be an interesting option as a systemic photoprotection agent. Hence this thesis assesses: 1) the effect of acute irradiation of skin on dermal ECM damage to see whether it mimics the changes observed in photoageing and; 2) whether dietary supplementation with GTC will provide dermal ECM protection. UV-induced change in elastic fibre network. Initially, the effect of two different UV light sources on elastic fibre protein (elastic fibres, fibrillin-rich microfibrils and fibulin-2 and -5 microfibrils) remodelling was performed. The effect of ultraviolet B vs full-spectrum solar simulated radiation (SSR) were investigated in a small sample of healthy Caucasian volunteers (n = 6 per group). At 24 hour after 3× MED irradiation, Weigert's resorcin–fuchsin stained elastic fibres showed a significant reduction regardless of irradiation protocol (UVB, P<0.01; SSR P<0.05). Specific components were identified by immunohistochemistry; a significant reduction in fibrillin-rich microfibrils (FRM) was observed in UVB-irradiated skin (P<0.05), whilst fibulin-5-positive microfibrils were only affected by SSR (P<0.05). The data revealed, therefore, differential effects on UV wavelength on ECM remodelling. SSR, the more physiologically relevant light source was used in subsequent studies Supplement effect in SSR-induced damage in elastic fibre. Fifty healthy volunteers were recruited to this randomised control trial to investigate whether GTC can protect skin from photodamage. Volunteers were randomized to GTC (1080 mg plus 100 mg vitamin C; n=25) or placebo (maltodextrin; n = 25) daily for 12-weeks with compliance assessed biochemically in urine samples. Of the n = 50 recruited, 44 volunteers completed the study. In baseline, UVR challenge resulted in a significant remodeling of the cutaneous elastic fiber system (P<0.001), particularly fibulin-2 and fibulin-5-positive microfibrils at 24-hr after 3×MED irradiation. In post-supplementation, fibulin-5 positive microfibrils were protected from UVR remodeling (% staining, mean ± SE; no UV, 18.1±0.89; UVR, 17.1±0.61; P=0.30) whilst no protection was seen in the placebo group (no UVR, 19.41±0.79; UVR, 17.69±0.61; P<0.05). Supplement effect in SSR-induced damage in collagenous matrix. In the identical experiment, collagenous matrices including synthesis of procollagen I was also examined as fibrillar collagens are the major ECM components providing strength within dermis. The fibrillar collagen and newly synthesised procollagen I were stained by Picrosirius red and immunohistochemistry respectively. At baseline, acute irradiation significantly reduced papillary dermal fibrillar collagens (P<0.001) and induced deposition of newly synthesised pro-collagen I (P=0.02). In post-supplementation, GTC enhanced the deposition of thin collagen fibres in the dermis. Whilst placebo showed no effect on the altered organisation of fibrillar collagens or deposition of pro-collagen I following the irradiation challenge, GTC protected the organisation of fibrillar collagens in the papillary dermis (P=0.97).This novel in vivo human study may be used to recapitulate elastic fibre and collagen changes associated with photoageing and may be useful for dissecting out the mechanisms underlying extracellular matrix damage in response to chronic sunlight exposure. Furthermore, in a randomized control trial, dietary GTC protected fibulin-5 microfibrils and collagen fibres in the papillary dermis from UV-mediated degradation. The mechanism by which this protection occurs requires further study.

Submitted by ELTON DE ANDRADE VIANA null (eviana@sme.prefeitura.sp.gov.br) on 2017-06-30T00:31:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_ELTON_VIANA.pdf: 2131297 bytes, checksum: 2b169c3ebc283be760bd844bb8263787 (MD5) / Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: A ficha catalográfica deve ser inserida na página subsequente à folha de rosto. A folha de aprovação deve conter os nomes que compõem a banca examinadora e a data de defesa. Corrija estas informações e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-06-30T14:20:57Z (GMT) / Submitted by ELTON DE ANDRADE VIANA null (eviana@sme.prefeitura.sp.gov.br) on 2017-06-30T15:03:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO.pdf: 2237099 bytes, checksum: b20c38e39fd6bf4dc41e274e4ca18f21 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-30T16:20:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 viana_ea_me_rcla.pdf: 2237099 bytes, checksum: b20c38e39fd6bf4dc41e274e4ca18f21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T16:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viana_ea_me_rcla.pdf: 2237099 bytes, checksum: b20c38e39fd6bf4dc41e274e4ca18f21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-19 / Pensando nas alteridades observadas no sistema educacional brasileiro, este trabalho tem como objetivo aplicar e analisar o desempenho de uma aluna com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de São Paulo, em situações didáticas de ensino de Matemática. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo de caso por meio de filmagens realizadas em diferentes intervenções pedagógicas efetivadas no âmbito do apoio complementar oferecido na Sala de Apoio e Acompanhamento à Inclusão (SAAI). O trabalho tem corpo textual dividido em duas partes, sendo a primeira parte um arcabouço teórico e histórico sobre o convívio com as diferenças, as dificuldades terminológicas no que se refere ao TEA, a Educação Especial e o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). Na segunda parte do texto, é apresentada a trajetória metodológica da pesquisa e a análise dos dados, onde foi obtido como resultados a proposição de que alunos com TEA em situações didáticas de aprendizagem da Matemática, apresentam diferentes elementos característicos e motivadores que devem ser conhecidos pelo Professor, já que influenciam na dinâmica escolar. / Thinking about alterities observed in the Brazilian educational system, this study aims to apply and analyze the performance of a student with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) of the municipal education network of the city of São Paulo, in didactic teaching situations of Mathematics. For the development of the research, a case study was carried out by means of filming performed in different pedagogical interventions carried out within the scope of the complementary support offered in the Sala de Apoio e Acompanhamento à Inclusão (SAAI). The work has a textual body divided into two parts, the first part being a theoretical and historical framework on living with differences, terminological difficulties with regard to ASD, Special Education and Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). In the second part of the text, it is presented the methodological trajectory of the research and the data analysis, where it was obtained as a result the proposition that students with ASD in didactic situations of learning of Mathematics, present different characteristic and motivating elements that must be known by the Teacher, since they influence the school dynamics.

Thesis (MTech(Biomedical Technology) -- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 / Defective sperm function is the most prevalent cause of male infertility. Mammalian sperm are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and are susceptible to attack by reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important mediator of sperm function. Normally, a balance is maintained between the amount of ROS produced and the antioxidant defense system. When an imbalance exists between ROS production and antioxidants protection in the favour of ROS activity, oxidative stress (OS) occurs which could lead to cellular damage. A shift in the levels of ROS towards pro-oxidation in semen can induce oxidative stress on sperm. This study compares the modulation of OS by an indigenous herbal tea (rooibos), Chinese green tea, commercial rooibos and green tea supplements in rat epididymal sperm and testicular function. Sixty male Wistar rats were supplemented with fermented or “green” rooibos, Chinese green tea, rooibos supplement, green tea supplement or water for ten weeks while inducing OS during the last two weeks. Rats consuming fermented rooibos and “green” rooibos showed a significant higher sperm concentration and motility. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in the sperm of rats that consumed fermented rooibos, “green rooibos” and green tea compared to the control. Also, the superoxide dismutase activity of the groups that received fermented rooibos, rooibos supplement and green tea increased significantly in the testicular tissue compared to control. Catalase (CAT) activity in the epididymal sperm was significantly increased in the rats consuming fermented rooibos, “green rooibos” and both rooibos and green tea supplements compared to the control. None of the tea treatments showed a significant effect on catalase activity in the testicular tissue. A tendency to increase this activity was observed in fermented rooibos, green tea, rooibos and green tea supplements. The glutathione levels of rats fed with fermented rooibos and “green” rooibos were significantly higher in the rat epididymal sperm compared to the control while the glutathione level of rats consuming green tea supplement also increased significantly in the testicular tissue compared to the control. None of the tea treatments showed a significant effect on lipid peroxidation and ROS levels in the rat sperm. Although rooibos fermented, “green” rooibos and rooibos supplements showed a tendency to lower the levels of these biomarkers when compared with the control group in epididymal sperm. However, the rooibos supplement showed a significantly reduced ROS levels in the testicular tissue. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that rooibos extract and green tea are effective as antioxidants by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels in oxidative stress-induced rats and could offer a measure of protection against oxidative damage, thereby improving sperm quality and function.

Submitted by Jaqueline Duarte (1157279@mackenzie.br) on 2018-09-21T23:21:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernanda Teixeira Ribeiro.pdf: 553125 bytes, checksum: 72d8392b5a2dde2d66da9028ebe4e3bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-10-17T18:12:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernanda Teixeira Ribeiro.pdf: 553125 bytes, checksum: 72d8392b5a2dde2d66da9028ebe4e3bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-17T18:12:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernanda Teixeira Ribeiro.pdf: 553125 bytes, checksum: 72d8392b5a2dde2d66da9028ebe4e3bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Rats exposed to neonatal seizures are a model for study brain circuits that underlies social impairment symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Animals submitted to status epilepticus neonatal (SE) - a single long-term seizure induced by pharmacological agent - show a lack of interest for social novelty and social discrimination deficit. We used this animal model for ASD to investigate a possible role of endocannabinoid system in ASD etiology, beased on evidences that comprove the role of endocannabinoids in multiple processes, as epileptic seizures supression and emotion regulation. Male Wistar rats were submitted to SE in ninenth day of life (P9) by pilocarpine injection (380 mg/kg, i.p.) - control animals received saline 0,9% (0,1 mL/ 10g). In P60 both groups were injected with JZL195 (0,01 mg/kg, i.p.) - inhibidor of FAAH and MAGL, enzimes that catalise endogenous cannabinoids agonists. After two hours, animals were submitted to behavioral tests that evaluated social memory, interest for social novelty and short-term memory (objects recognition test). Neurobiological correlation for the behavioral results was investigated by genic expression analysis of CNR1 gene (RT-PCR) and quantification of CB1 receptor (ELISA). Results of social memory test show a deficit of social investigation in control rats treated with JZL (F(1,18)=5,481; p=0,03), without affect social discrimination (F(1,18)=9,807; p=0,0058); there was no effect of JZL in experimental group (F(1,17)=2,509; n.s.). In social novelty test, JZL affected the investigation time in control group (F(1,19)=4,863; p=0,04) and the preference for investigating social novelty (t(20)=3,356; p<0,01); JZL had no effect on experimental group (F(1,19)=0,001; n.s.). In the test of objects recognition, JZL caused object discrimination deficit in control group (F(1,13)=4,955; p=0,04) and affected time investigation in experimental group (F(1,11)=5,999; p=0,03), without affect in discrimination (F(1,11)=0,860; n.s.). The analysis of total locomotion in open field showed that JZL caused hyperlocomotion specifically in control animals (F(1,24)=4,837; p=0,03); analysis of central locomotion showed that JZL affected both groups, reducing time spent in central area (F(1,24)=4,547; p=0,04). Genic expression analysis of CNR1 gene did not present any difference in mRNA expression in hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex, striatum and amygdala. CB1 quantification presented a difference in hippocampus of experimental animals (U=2000; p=0,03). Our results reinforce the idea that the animal model of rats exposed to neonatal SE is valid and relevant to the study of social motivation, compromised in ASD. Pharmacological interventions targeting CB1 receptors are a way to explore this circuitry, given the results of our behavioral tests (with specific impairment of controls on social memory and sociability tests) and the molecular differences identified in the hippocampus of experimental group. Our results suggest that the endocannabinoid system participates in the modulation of social behavior and that there is a neurobiological alteration of this circuit in ASD. / Animais expostos a status epilepticus (SE) neonatal são um modelo promissor para o estudo de sistemas cerebrais específicos envolvidos no prejuízo do comportamento social que caracteriza o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Animais submetidos a SE neonatal mostram, na vida adulta, comportamentos característicos do TEA, como redução do interesse por interação com novidade social, apesar de manterem funções cognitivas preservadas. Este trabalho utiliza o modelo animal submetido a SE neonatal para investigar a participação do sistema endocanabinoide na neurobiologia do TEA, considerando as evidências sobre o envolvimento desse sistema na modulação da sociabilidade. Ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos ao SE no nono dia de vida (P9) por administração intraperitoneal de pilocarpina (380 mg/kg, i.p.) - enquanto controles receberam salina 0,9% (0,1 ml/ 10g). Em P60 os animais adultos de ambos os grupos foram subdivididos em: administrados com salina 0,9% ou com o fármaco JZL195 (0,01 mg/kg, i.p.), inibidor de enzimas catalisadoras da hidrólise de endocanabinoides, agonistas endógenos dos receptores canabinoides (CB1). Após 2 horas, os animais foram avaliados em testes comportamentais de memória social, sociabilidade e memória de curto prazo. Ao fim dos testes, foram extraídos tecidos de estruturas da via mesocorticolímbica: hipocampo, córtex pré-frontal, estriado e amígdala. O material extraído foi utilizado para análise da expressão gênica do gene CNR1 (por RT-PCR) e quantificação de receptores CB1 (por ELISA). No teste de memória social, animais controle tratados com JZL, quando apresentados à novidade social, mostraram menos interesse em investigar a novidade social (F(1,18)=5,481; p=0,03), sem prejuízo da capacidade de discriminação (F(1,18)=9,807; p=0,0058); animais experimentais tratados com JZL não apresentaram diferença significativa no tempo de investigação da novidade social (F(1,17)=2,509; n.s.). O tratamento com JZL interferiu especificamente no tempo de investigação do grupo controle em todas as sessões (F(1,175)=0,6686; p<0,0001). No teste de sociabilidade, o tratamento com JZL reduziu o tempo de investigação dos animais controle (F (1,19)=4,863; p=0,04) e afetou a preferência por novidade social (t(20)=3,356; p<0,01); o JZL não afetou o tempo de investigação dos animais experimentais (F (1,19)=0,001; n.s.). No teste de reconhecimento de objetos, o tratamento com JZL afetou a memória de curto prazo de animais controle (F(1,13)=4,955; p=0,04), que não discriminaram o objeto, e reduziu o tempo de investigação nos animais experimentais (F(1,11)=5,999; p=0,03), sem afetar a discriminação (F(1,11)=0,860; n.s.). No teste de locomoção, o tratamento com JZL aumentou especificamente a locomoção total de animais controles (F(1,24)=4,837; p=0,03), não afetando de forma significativa os animais experimentais (F(1,24)=0,341; n.s.). Quanto à locomoção na zona central, o fármaco interferiu em ambos os grupos, reduzindo a permanência nas áreas centrais (F(1,24)=4,547; p=0,04). A PCR-RT não indicou diferença na expressão do RNAm do receptor CB1 nas estruturas analisadas. A quantificação por Elisa apontou menor concentração de CB1 no hipocampo de experimentais (U=2000; p=0,03). Nossos resultados reforçam a ideia de que o modelo animal de ratos expostos a SE neonatal é válido e relevante para estudo da motivação social, comprometida no TEA. Intervenções farmacológicas tendo como alvo os receptores CB1 podem ser um caminho para explorar essa circuitaria, tendo em vista os resultados de nossos testes comportamentais (com prejuízo específico dos controles nos testes de memória social e sociabilidade) e as alterações moleculares identificadas no hipocampo de experimentais. Nossos resultados sugerem que o sistema endocanabinoide participa da modulação de comportamento social e que existe alteração neurobiológica dessa circuitaria no TEA.

Submitted by Jaqueline Duarte (1157279@mackenzie.br) on 2018-10-03T19:44:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernanda Teixeira Ribeiro.pdf: 553125 bytes, checksum: 72d8392b5a2dde2d66da9028ebe4e3bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-10-17T18:16:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernanda Teixeira Ribeiro.pdf: 553125 bytes, checksum: 72d8392b5a2dde2d66da9028ebe4e3bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-17T18:16:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Fernanda Teixeira Ribeiro.pdf: 553125 bytes, checksum: 72d8392b5a2dde2d66da9028ebe4e3bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Rats exposed to neonatal seizures are a model for study brain circuits that underlies social impairment symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Animals submitted to status epilepticus neonatal (SE) - a single long-term seizure induced by pharmacological agent - show a lack of interest for social novelty and social discrimination deficit. We used this animal model for ASD to investigate a possible role of endocannabinoid system in ASD etiology, beased on evidences that comprove the role of endocannabinoids in multiple processes, as epileptic seizures supression and emotion regulation. Male Wistar rats were submitted to SE in ninenth day of life (P9) by pilocarpine injection (380 mg/kg, i.p.) - control animals received saline 0,9% (0,1 mL/ 10g). In P60 both groups were injected with JZL195 (0,01 mg/kg, i.p.) - inhibidor of FAAH and MAGL, enzimes that catalise endogenous cannabinoids agonists. After two hours, animals were submitted to behavioral tests that evaluated social memory, interest for social novelty and short-term memory (objects recognition test). Neurobiological correlation for the behavioral results was investigated by genic expression analysis of CNR1 gene (RT-PCR) and quantification of CB1 receptor (ELISA). Results of social memory test show a deficit of social investigation in control rats treated with JZL (F(1,18)=5,481; p=0,03), without affect social discrimination (F(1,18)=9,807; p=0,0058); there was no effect of JZL in experimental group (F(1,17)=2,509; n.s.). In social novelty test, JZL affected the investigation time in control group (F(1,19)=4,863; p=0,04) and the preference for investigating social novelty (t(20)=3,356; p<0,01); JZL had no effect on experimental group (F(1,19)=0,001; n.s.). In the test of objects recognition, JZL caused object discrimination deficit in control group (F(1,13)=4,955; p=0,04) and affected time investigation in experimental group (F(1,11)=5,999; p=0,03), without affect in discrimination (F(1,11)=0,860; n.s.). The analysis of total locomotion in open field showed that JZL caused hyperlocomotion specifically in control animals (F(1,24)=4,837; p=0,03); analysis of central locomotion showed that JZL affected both groups, reducing time spent in central area (F(1,24)=4,547; p=0,04). Genic expression analysis of CNR1 gene did not present any difference in mRNA expression in hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex, striatum and amygdala. CB1 quantification presented a difference in hippocampus of experimental animals (U=2000; p=0,03). Our results reinforce the idea that the animal model of rats exposed to neonatal SE is valid and relevant to the study of social motivation, compromised in ASD. Pharmacological interventions targeting CB1 receptors are a way to explore this circuitry, given the results of our behavioral tests (with specific impairment of controls on social memory and sociability tests) and the molecular differences identified in the hippocampus of experimental group. Our results suggest that the endocannabinoid system participates in the modulation of social behavior and that there is a neurobiological alteration of this circuit in ASD. / Animais expostos a status epilepticus (SE) neonatal são um modelo promissor para o estudo de sistemas cerebrais específicos envolvidos no prejuízo do comportamento social que caracteriza o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Animais submetidos a SE neonatal mostram, na vida adulta, comportamentos característicos do TEA, como redução do interesse por interação com novidade social, apesar de manterem funções cognitivas preservadas. Este trabalho utiliza o modelo animal submetido a SE neonatal para investigar a participação do sistema endocanabinoide na neurobiologia do TEA, considerando as evidências sobre o envolvimento desse sistema na modulação da sociabilidade. Ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos ao SE no nono dia de vida (P9) por administração intraperitoneal de pilocarpina (380 mg/kg, i.p.) - enquanto controles receberam salina 0,9% (0,1 ml/ 10g). Em P60 os animais adultos de ambos os grupos foram subdivididos em: administrados com salina 0,9% ou com o fármaco JZL195 (0,01 mg/kg, i.p.), inibidor de enzimas catalisadoras da hidrólise de endocanabinoides, agonistas endógenos dos receptores canabinoides (CB1). Após 2 horas, os animais foram avaliados em testes comportamentais de memória social, sociabilidade e memória de curto prazo. Ao fim dos testes, foram extraídos tecidos de estruturas da via mesocorticolímbica: hipocampo, córtex pré-frontal, estriado e amígdala. O material extraído foi utilizado para análise da expressão gênica do gene CNR1 (por RT-PCR) e quantificação de receptores CB1 (por ELISA). No teste de memória social, animais controle tratados com JZL, quando apresentados à novidade social, mostraram menos interesse em investigar a novidade social (F(1,18)=5,481; p=0,03), sem prejuízo da capacidade de discriminação (F(1,18)=9,807; p=0,0058); animais experimentais tratados com JZL não apresentaram diferença significativa no tempo de investigação da novidade social (F(1,17)=2,509; n.s.). O tratamento com JZL interferiu especificamente no tempo de investigação do grupo controle em todas as sessões (F(1,175)=0,6686; p<0,0001). No teste de sociabilidade, o tratamento com JZL reduziu o tempo de investigação dos animais controle (F (1,19)=4,863; p=0,04) e afetou a preferência por novidade social (t(20)=3,356; p<0,01); o JZL não afetou o tempo de investigação dos animais experimentais (F (1,19)=0,001; n.s.). No teste de reconhecimento de objetos, o tratamento com JZL afetou a memória de curto prazo de animais controle (F(1,13)=4,955; p=0,04), que não discriminaram o objeto, e reduziu o tempo de investigação nos animais experimentais (F(1,11)=5,999; p=0,03), sem afetar a discriminação (F(1,11)=0,860; n.s.). No teste de locomoção, o tratamento com JZL aumentou especificamente a locomoção total de animais controles (F(1,24)=4,837; p=0,03), não afetando de forma significativa os animais experimentais (F(1,24)=0,341; n.s.). Quanto à locomoção na zona central, o fármaco interferiu em ambos os grupos, reduzindo a permanência nas áreas centrais (F(1,24)=4,547; p=0,04). A PCR-RT não indicou diferença na expressão do RNAm do receptor CB1 nas estruturas analisadas. A quantificação por Elisa apontou menor concentração de CB1 no hipocampo de experimentais (U=2000; p=0,03). Nossos resultados reforçam a ideia de que o modelo animal de ratos expostos a SE neonatal é válido e relevante para estudo da motivação social, comprometida no TEA. Intervenções farmacológicas tendo como alvo os receptores CB1 podem ser um caminho para explorar essa circuitaria, tendo em vista os resultados de nossos testes comportamentais (com prejuízo específico dos controles nos testes de memória social e sociabilidade) e as alterações moleculares identificadas no hipocampo de experimentais. Nossos resultados sugerem que o sistema endocanabinoide participa da modulação de comportamento social e que existe alteração neurobiológica dessa circuitaria no TEA.

O diabetes é um problema de saúde que vem aumentando cada vez mais na população mundial. Suas principais causas estão relacionadas aos comportamentos da vida moderna, como a má alimentação e o sedentarismo. O tratamento extremo da doença é a aplicação de insulina exógena, mas atualmente, busca-se terapias alternativas, menos invasivas e dispendiosas, e mais práticas, como o uso do chá-verde, por seu possível efeito antihiperglicêmico. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi analisar os efeitos do chá em alguns parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue e histológicos dos tecidos dentários de ratos diabéticos. Foram utilizados 80 ratos Wistar, sendo que 40 constituíram o grupo experimental diabético e 40, o grupo controle. Estes grupos foram subdivididos em dois cada, os tratados com chá-verde e os que não receberam tratamento. Seguiu-se uma terceira subdivisão em grupos de 5 animais (n=5) de acordo com os períodos experimentais de 15 dias, 1, 2 e 3 meses. A indução do diabetes foi conseguida pela injeção de 50 mg/kg de estreptozotocina intra-peritoneal em animais com 2 meses de idade. Após 1 semana o diabetes foi diagnosticado por exames clínicos e glicemia maior do que 180 mg/dL. A partir daí, os animais tratados tiveram a ingestão hídrica substituída pela ingestão de chá-verde por 24 h ao dia. O chá-verde foi preparado com 7 g da folha desidratada / L água, em infusão por 10 min. Ao completarem-se os períodos experimentais, o sangue foi colhido, os animais foram mortos e suas mandíbulas extraídas e preparadas para a análise histológica. A avaliação histomorfométrica mostrou uma redução do volume de fibras entre os grupos de 3 meses em relação ao de 15 dias. As lesões cariosas foram verificadas e apresentaram-se nos períodos de 2 e 3 meses da doença, sendo que o chá-verde provavelmente inibiu em 50% as cáries nos animais diabéticos aos 2 meses experimentais. Os níveis glicêmicos sofreram um aumento significante entre os períodos de 15 dias a 1 mês da doença e, então, mantiveram-se constantes, sendo que o chá-verde parece ter apresentado efeito anti-hiperglicêmicos neste período. Os níveis de uréia aumentaram gradualmente nos animais diabéticos, mas diminuíram aos 3 meses da doença nos animais tratados (diabéticos e controle). Os níveis de albumina mostraram-se menores somente nos diabéticos tratados aos 3 meses. Os níveis de proteínas totais foram menores desde os quinze dias de diabetes nos animais sem chá em relação aos tratados. Os níveis de colesterol acompanharam a curva de crescimento da glicemia através do tempo nos diabéticos sem tratamento. Um achado curioso foi a menor média de colesterol, aos quinze dias, do grupo diabético tratado com chá-verde. Os níveis de triglicérides só foram afetados pela doença ao terceiro mês, quando o maior nível de triglicérides foi o do grupo diabético tratado. No primeiro mês do experimento, os animais diabéticos apresentaram níveis maiores de creatinina do que os do grupo controle, mas com o chá-verde este aumento foi significativamente menor. Com base nestes dados, podemos inferir que cháverde, ingerido regularmente por via-oral, pode controlar inicialmente o avanço da cárie dentária, da glicemia e outros compostos sangüíneos, mas com o passar do tempo esse efeito parece diminuir sobre alguns produtos enquanto aumentar sobre outros. / The diabetes is a increasing all around the world. The most probable causes are the problems related to the dietry and the lack of physical exercises. The best treatment known is the insulin, however, nowadays we have some efforts to discovery new types of treatment, chipper and more practical as the green tea. The green tea is wideness know like a anti-hyperglycemic agent. In our study, we aim to analyze the biochemical effects in the blood and the histology of the dental tissues in diabetic rats submitted to the therapy of green tea. For that we used 80 Wistar rats divided first in 2 groups, control and diabetic induced by streptozotocin. So on, the groups of 40 we divided again in 2 groups, each one recived water or green tea. Each 5 animals (n=5) of each group were killed according to the periods (15, 30, 60 and 90 days). The induction was achieved by the intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of weight body of streptozotocin. One week later the diabetes was diagnosed by clinical exams where the glycemic level reached 180 mg/dL. Then, the treatment started and the green tea groups had their liquid dietry of water substituted by green tea 24 h a day. The tea was prepared with 7 g/L of water in 10 min infusion. When the periods were completed the animals were killed and their maxillaries were removed and prepared for the histological analysis. The histomorphometrical evaluation showed a reduction in the fibers volume between the 15 and 90 days experimental periods. The caries injuries were presented in the periods of 60 and 90 days, but only in the diabetical group, and the green tea was able to prevent in 50% the number of caries in 60 days of treatment. The glycemic level was pretty higher in 30 days when compared to the 15 days, after that it didnt present any significant elevation. In this gap of time (15 to 30 days) the green tea showed anti-hyperglycemic and anticholesterol effects and also decreased the creatinina level in diabetics. The urea level increased through the time in the diabetic animals, but decreased after 90 days of green tea treatment. The albumin level responded in the same way. Based on this evaluations, we are able to infer that the green tea ingested via-oral is capable of control inicially the caries and some biochemical substancies in the blood. However, these effects seam to decrease over some levels and increased in others while the time goes on presenting cumulative effects.

Background: In the U.S., Hispanics have among the highest rates of overweight and obesity when compared to other racial/ethnic groups placing them at a greater risk for obesity-related disease. Identifying intervention strategies to reduce caloric intake and/or improve cardiometabolic health in Hispanics is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality among this large and growing population. Evidence exists to support diet-specific behavioral interventions, including beverage modifications, in reducing obesity-related health risks. However, the acceptability and feasibility of a beverage intervention in obese Hispanic adults has not been robustly evaluated. Methods: The objective of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a randomized, controlled beverage intervention in 50 obese Hispanic adults ages 18-64 over 8-weeks. Eligible participants were obese (30-50.0 kg/m(2)), between the ages 18-64, self-identified as Hispanic, and were able to speak, read, and write in either English and/or Spanish. Study recruitment was completed August 2017. Upon the completion of baseline assessments, participants will be randomized to either Mediterranean lemonade, Green Tea, or flavored water control. After completing a 2-week washout period, participants will be asked to consume 32 oz. per day of study beverage for 6-weeks while avoiding all other sources of tea, lemonade, citrus, juice, and other sweetened beverages; water is permissible. Primary outcomes will be recruitment, retention, and acceptability of the intervention strategies. Our study will also evaluate participant-reported tolerance and as an exploratory aim, assess safety/toxicity-related to renal and/or liver function. Fasting blood samples will be collected at baseline and 8-weeks to assess the primary efficacy outcomes: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Secondary outcomes include fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Discussion: This pilot study will provide important feasibility, safety, and early efficacy data necessary to design a larger, adequately-powered randomized controlled trial.

5 p. / Growers of organic produce in the Southwestern United States face many challenges, including variation in water and temperature, and exposure to insects and disease. As a result, smallholder organic farmers are increasingly relying on soil additives such as compost tea that improve product quality, use less water, deter pests, and reduce reliance on chemical additives (Diver, 2002). But what exactly is compost tea? Do the benefits of using compost tea outweigh any concerns? For example, can it contain pathogens, and if so, do applicators have to worry about coming into contact with pathogens? This publication provides facts about making compost tea, and reviews both the benefits and potential disadvantages to help smallholder farmers to make educated decisions regarding the use of compost tea.

Abstrakt: Marketing communication is one of the most culture-oriented tool of the marketing mix. The companies can use different strategies in the international marketing communication. These strategies must be based on the all-over strategy of the company. The general strategy is divided into particular strategies for divisions and departments of the company (marketing department, sales, production etc.). We observe two main strategies in the international communication of the companies -- globalisation strategy which tries to normalize all marketing communication activities through different countries, whereas the adaptation strategy forces the companies to think locally and act locally. Global company Sara Lee operates at almost all the markets of the world and owns about 80 different brands of food, beverages, body-care and house-care products. In Czech Republic Sara Lee owns a leading brand in tea market -- the Pickwick brand. The Pickwick brand is an international brand because besides Czech Republic it operates also on the other 7 markets in Europe and also in the United States. The tea market in the Czech Republic is very important for Pickwick Brand, because it is one of the markets where Pickwick enjoys the biggest success. The specifics of this market are based not only on the consumer behaviour and preferences, but also on the activities of the competition and also activities of the various sales channels of which the most important are the international retail chains. International communication of the Pickwick brand is based on the marketing strategy approved centrally. The communication strategy, positioning of the brand and tactical steps are decided by the managers of different countries together. We can see either normalisation features or adaptation features in the communication strategy of the Pickwick brand. The examples are the activation of the novelties of the Pickwick brand in Czech Republic or Hungary. Both countries have chosen a different concept of 360° idea, which they worked out in different activations. The Pickwick brand develops in long-term, and nowadays her goal is to strenghten its well-being segment (green, white and herbal teas), because this segment is the most dynamic one. Besides this segment the Pickwick brand could also focus on other, smaller segments such as teas for children. A large number of the products in originally "adult" categories prove that this segment is very interesting and attractive, too. The Pickwick brand has done alrady the ads focused on children, and that's why the brand could follow easily the communication schemes.