This thesis shows how children’s learning is influenced and modified by the teaching environment. The metacognitive, self-regulatory learning behaviours of sixteen kindergarten students were examined in order to determine how students perceive learning, either by adopting deep approaches, where the focus is on understanding and meaning, or surface approaches, where the meeting of institutional demands frequently subjugate the former goals. The data have been analysed within a qualitative paradigm from a phenomenographic perspective. The study addresses three issues: the nature and frequency of the strategic learning behaviours displayed by the students; the contribution strategic behaviours make to the adoption of deep or surface learning approaches; and how metacognitive teaching environments influence higher-order thinking. Findings reveal that where teachers had metcognitive training, the frequency of strategy use increased irrespective of student performance. High achieving students used more strategic behaviours, used them with greater efficiency, and tended to display more of the characteristics of deep approach learners. This study suggests that many of the differential outcomes evident amongst students may be substantially reduced through early and consistent training within a teaching environment conductive to the development of metacognitive, self-regulatory behaviours and deep learning approaches / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

In this study an attempt was made to consider the behaviour of students in a new open-plan High School as a specific example of an interaction between man and his environment. In the first two chapters a brief review was made of research and theories that were thought to be relevant to this. In the last part of the study a research project which involved a comparison of 'coping' and 'non-coping' students was described. The teaching environment in the chosen High School during the first term of 1976 appeared to be a 'Progressive - Open type' of teaching environment. After the first tern it changed and became increasingly more traditional. Significant differences in scholastic behaviour between the two groups of students at the end of the first term indicated that:- 1. The coping group tended to have a more internal locus of control than the non-coping group. 2. The students of the coping group tended to plan for professional careers whereas those of the non-coping group tended to plan for non-professional careers. 3. On the whole the coping group tended to have realistic career aims in terms of their general ability. (ii) If. The students of the coping group tended to have higher I.Q. scores than those of the non-coping group. There were no significant differences between the coping and non-coping groups in terms of their attitudes towards the High School nor in terms of the attitudes of their parents. Both groups of students tended to state that 'doing well at school' was important to them and to record positive or neutral attitudes towards the High School for both themselves and their parents. Significant differences in behaviour were found between 'internal' and 'external' students that support Rotter's theory regarding goal values. Internal students who planned for professional careers tended to be in the coping group whereas internal students who planned for non-professional careers tended to be in the non-coping group. In the case of the 'external' students no significant differences were found between the type of career aims and coning. The change to a more traditional type of teaching environment appeared to benefit the 'external' students. At the end of the third terra there was a significant increase in the numbers of 'external' students classified as coping, but in the case of the 'internal' students no significant increase was found.

The Relationships between Belief Change and its Influential Factors for Student Teachers in Junior High Schools Yuan-yu Chu Abstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between belief change and its influential factors for student teachers in junior high schools. The participants included 163 student teachers and 163 corresponding mentors in public junior high schools of South Taiwan. The employed instruments were Teacher Belief Appraisal, Professional Growth Scale for Junior High School Teachers, Intrapersonal Intelligence Appraisal, and The Questionnaire of Perceiving Teaching Environment. The employed analysis methods were descriptive statistics, Hotelling¡¦s T2, multivariate analysis of variance, repeat measure analysis, discriminant analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance, and multiple stepwise regression. The findings of this study revealed that (a) the student teachers¡¦ beliefs were toward open orientation on the whole, but their degree of openness varied in the four aspects of teacher beliefs; (b) gender did not have significant effects on the student teachers¡¦ beliefs at the beginning of their practice teaching; (c) teacher preparation systems, teaching areas, size of schools had significant effects on the student teachers¡¦ beliefs at the beginning of their practice teaching; (d) overall speaking, the student teachers¡¦ beliefs were quite stable through their practice teaching period; (e) the mentors¡¦ beliefs had positive effects on their student teachers¡¦ belief change; (f) the student teachers¡¦ professional growth motivation and teaching environment had positive effects on their beliefs at the beginning of practice teaching; (g) the student teachers¡¦ professional growth motivation and their mentors¡¦ beliefs had positive effects on their beliefs at the end of practice teaching. Finally, some suggestions were proposed for teacher preparation institutions, schools of practice teaching, student teachers, and future studies.

Denna studie undersöker hur förskollärare arbetar med lek och undervisning i förskolan. Vi är intresserade av hur lek används för att nå utveckling och lärande i riktning mot målen i läroplanen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur lek i förskolan kan bidra till barns lärande utveckling. ​Våra forskningsfrågor är följande, Hur upplever förskollärare att den fria leken bidrar till fortsatt utveckling och lärande samt vilka slags undervisningsmiljöer erbjuds barn i styrd lek. Studiens inspireras av ett sociokulturellt teoretiskt perspektiv på lärande​. ​Studiens empiri är insamlad genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med verksamma förskollärare. Intervju valdes som insamlingsmetod eftersom studien undersöker hur förskollärare förstår och arbetar med begreppen lek och undervisning som en sammankopplad länk. En slutsats av studiens resultat visar att när den fria leken saknar närvarande förskollärare så bidrar lärandet enbart till grundläggande kunskaper hos barnet, till skillnad mot en lek där förskolläraren är aktivt och stöttande. Resultatet visar också att det inte går att inkludera endast en undervisningsmiljö i den styrda leken, utan vi kan se att tre av miljöerna genomsyrar på ett eller annat sätt.

Purpose: There are many factors that affects the interior prospect in a teaching environment and the difficulty is to find a balance between seclusion and openness. The aim of the study is to examine the interior prospects impact on a teaching environment and which opportunities and limitations the lines of sight gives depending on how the have been designed. Method: This is a qualitative study and the used method is a case study of a F-6 school. A literature study and interviews were used as the data collecting technic. The interview with the principal of the school, the architect in charge and a co-architect for the same schools were performed. Findings: The results of the literature study and the interviews gave that the factors that affects the interior prospect were flexibility, relationship between the different functions, extent and visual environment. In the result different parameters emerged that were conducive reasons to the factors. One of the parameters for flexibility were form, for the relationship between functions one was placement, for extent one was size and one parameter for visual environment were the share of transparent surfaces. The result showed that the stance on the interior prospect between architects and teachers accords with each other. Implications: The conclusion of the study is that there are distinct parameters that cooperates with each other to create an interior prospect, but there are no obvious solutions since there are no general solutions to the problem. Limitations: The case study is only implied on one school. This choice was made to get a deep understanding of the reality and to get at overview of the parameters that has an impact on the interior prospect. For the result to be more generalized more schools had to be studied to see if more parameters were to be find.

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This diploma thesis deals with various factors affecting effective teaching of adults from teacher's perspective. The aim of this work is to determinate discrepancy of attitude to this issue based on knowledge from literature and professional teacher's experience. First of all the thesis defines term (effective) teaching of adults and then presents its key aspects. Then it identifies the nature of teaching objectives, (andro)didactic principles and defines main characteristics and competencies of an effective teacher in this context. The thesis also describes impact of learning environment on effective teaching and characterizes (study) stress as well as its impact on effective teaching adults. Key words: teaching of adults, teaching objectives, (andro)didactic principles, teacher, teaching environment, (study) stress

Efter att vi kommit i kontakt med en tidningsartikel som handlade om barn som läste för en specialtränad hund, väcktes vår nyfikenhet för möjligheten att använda sig av djur i undervisningssyften. Vår utgångspunkt är att studera hur barn kan träna upp sina läsfärdigheter. Avgränsningen i studien innebär att vi har för avsikt att studera yngre barns, i årskurs 2, upplevelser av att läsa högt för ett djur. Vi valde att göra en kvalitativ undersökning i form av intervju, där 6 elever intervjuades, eftersom vi var intresserade av att studera elevers uppfattningar och tankar kring att läsa för ett djur. I resultatet har det framkommit att när eleverna talade om läsupplevelsen beskrev de att de fann det roligt att läsa för sin hund. Någon beskrev att det var samma som att läsa för föräldrar eller lärare och någon svarade att det var svårare att läsa för hunden då den inte kan hjälpa till vid uttal eller felläsning. Eleverna gav svar som pekade på att användandet av ett djur kan påverka lärmiljön positivt. Den litteratur vi tagit del av menar att barn ser djur som vänner och att de lätt kan skapa relationer till dem, samt att djur har en lugnande inverkan på barn vilket även bekräftas genom intervjuerna. I litteraturen framkommer det att djur är viktiga kommunikationspartner för barn. Inom det sociokulturella perspektivet betonas lärandet i ett socialt samspel. Vår slutsats är att närheten till djur, till vilket barn har en nära relation, kan utgöra en lustfylld metod för läsfärdighetsträning. / Since we came in contact with a newspaper article about children who were reading for special trained dogs, our curiosity for how we could use animals in teaching purposes was awaken. Our starting point is too study how the children can train theirs reading training skills. We delimited our study to the younger children, in second grade, and their experiences of reading aloud to an animal. We chose to do a qualitative study there we used interviews; we interviewed sex students, because we were interested to study the students understandings and thoughts about reading for an animal. In the result we saw that when the students talked about the reading experience they all mention that it was funny to read to their dog. Someone described it like it was the same as reading for the parents or teacher and some answered that it was harder to read to the dog because the dog couldn´t help with pronunciations or wrong readings. The students gave answer that pointed towards that animals can affect the teaching environment positively. The literature that we reed means that children see animals as their friends and they can easily create a relation to the animals. Animals have a calming effect on children which we got confirmed through the interview answers. In the literature it emerged that animals are important communication partners for children. Within the socioculturel perspective emphasizes the learning within a social interaction. Our conclusion is that closeness to animals, to which the children have a close relation to, can make content method to the reading training skills

<p>Efter att vi kommit i kontakt med en tidningsartikel som handlade om barn som läste för en specialtränad hund, väcktes vår nyfikenhet för möjligheten att använda sig av djur i undervisningssyften. Vår utgångspunkt är att studera hur barn kan träna upp sina läsfärdigheter. Avgränsningen i studien innebär att vi har för avsikt att studera yngre barns, i årskurs 2, upplevelser av att läsa högt för ett djur. Vi valde att göra en kvalitativ undersökning i form av intervju, där 6 elever intervjuades, eftersom vi var intresserade av att studera elevers uppfattningar och tankar kring att läsa för ett djur. I resultatet har det framkommit att när eleverna talade om läsupplevelsen beskrev de att de fann det roligt att läsa för sin hund. Någon beskrev att det var samma som att läsa för föräldrar eller lärare och någon svarade att det var svårare att läsa för hunden då den inte kan hjälpa till vid uttal eller felläsning. Eleverna gav svar som pekade på att användandet av ett djur kan påverka lärmiljön positivt. Den litteratur vi tagit del av menar att barn ser djur som vänner och att de lätt kan skapa relationer till dem, samt att djur har en lugnande inverkan på barn vilket även bekräftas genom intervjuerna. I litteraturen framkommer det att djur är viktiga kommunikationspartner för barn. Inom det sociokulturella perspektivet betonas lärandet i ett socialt samspel. Vår slutsats är att närheten till djur, till vilket barn har en nära relation, kan utgöra en lustfylld metod för läsfärdighetsträning.</p> / <p>Since we came in contact with a newspaper article about children who were reading for special trained dogs, our curiosity for how we could use animals in teaching purposes was awaken. Our starting point is too study how the children can train theirs reading training skills. We delimited our study to the younger children, in second grade, and their experiences of reading aloud to an animal. We chose to do a qualitative study there we used interviews; we interviewed sex students, because we were interested to study the students understandings and thoughts about reading for an animal. In the result we saw that when the students talked about the reading experience they all mention that it was funny to read to their dog. Someone described it like it was the same as reading for the parents or teacher and some answered that it was harder to read to the dog because the dog couldn´t help with pronunciations or wrong readings. The students gave answer that pointed towards that animals can affect the teaching environment positively. The literature that we reed means that children see animals as their friends and they can easily create a relation to the animals. Animals have a calming effect on children which we got confirmed through the interview answers. In the literature it emerged that animals are important communication partners for children. Within the socioculturel perspective emphasizes the learning within a social interaction. Our conclusion is that closeness to animals, to which the children have a close relation to, can make content method to the reading training skills</p>

nÃo hà / Neste trabalho avaliei as potencialidades de um Ambiente Virtual de Ensino â Telemeios no desenvolvimento de um curso a distÃncia de ConstruÃÃes GeomÃtricas com rÃgua e compasso com o professor exercendo sua funÃÃo mediadora seguindo as orientaÃÃes da SequÃncia Feda-thi. O conteÃdo de ConstruÃÃes GeomÃtricas, apesar de sua importÃncia, tem sido pouco estu-dado no ensino bÃsico no Brasil, e investiguei, por meio de uma pesquisa-aÃÃo participativa, usando a metodologia da Engenharia DidÃtica, uma nova proposta que agregou a tecnologia como elemento motivador e facilitador do trabalho com o tema. TeleMeios à um ambiente telemÃtico arquitetado com a utilizaÃÃo de rotinas de softwares livres, dotado de uma interfa-ce que permite a comunicaÃÃo atravÃs de texto, som, imagem e email, incorporando, desse modo, todos os recursos empregados, atualmente, na educaÃÃo a distÃncia e vai alÃm ao pos-sibilitar o compartilhamento total de aplicativos. O diferencial da proposta foi que se estabe-leceu uma interaÃÃo total entre os sujeitos, que se deu atravÃs de uma interligaÃÃo sÃncrona, em tempo real, via internet, com todos os participantes do curso compartilhando os softwares utilizados. Esse compartilhar quer dizer que todos os sujeitos visualizavam as atividades de-senvolvidas pelos outros, que processos eram utilizados, qual era o mÃtodo de resoluÃÃo de problemas empregado e, alÃm disso, acessavam, remotamente, as mÃquinas dos outros parti-cipantes, sendo permitido atà que qualquer deles pudesse desenhar ou escrever no computador de um companheiro virtual. As aulas virtuais foram planejadas atravÃs da Engenharia DidÃtica e abordaram as principais construÃÃes geomÃtricas elementares como perpendicular, bissetriz, mediatriz, arco capaz, entre outras. Durante as sessÃes, a rÃgua e o compasso tradicionais fo-ram substituÃdos pelo software de geometria dinÃmica: Geogebra. Ao desempenhar a funÃÃo de professor, adotei, nas intervenÃÃes, o posicionamento recomendado pela SequÃncia Feda-thi, que à uma proposta teÃrico-metodolÃgica concebida no LaboratÃrio Multimeios da Uni-versidade Federal do Cearà pelo prof. Dr. HermÃnio Borges Neto. AtravÃs das suas quatro fases: tomada de posiÃÃo, maturaÃÃo, soluÃÃo e prova, a nova metodologia objetiva, a partir da mediaÃÃo entre professor e alunos, propiciar uma aprendizagem significativa, construÃda com a participaÃÃo ativa dos sujeitos de modo colaborativo. A partir de toda a conjuntura teÃrica e tecnolÃgica, o curso de ConstruÃÃes GeomÃtricas se concretizou em cinco aulas para cinco alunos e foi possÃvel verificar a efetividade do ambiente tecnolÃgico montado pela vigorosa interaÃÃo entre os sujeitos e pela ativa mediaÃÃo do professor. As construÃÃes geomÃtricas foram elaboradas colaborativamente com a participaÃÃo concreta de todo o grupo. / ABSTRACT In this work I evaluated the potentials of a Virtual Teaching Environment â TeleMeios in the development of a distance course about Geometric Constructions using ruler and measure with the teacher practicing his function as a mediator following the guidelines of Fedathi se-quence. The content of Geometric Constructions, despite of its significance, is been insuffi-ciently studied during fundamental teaching in Brazil so I investigated through participatory action research, using the methodology of Didactic Engineering, a new proposal that joined the technologies as a motivator and facilitator element for the work with this theme. Tele-Meios is a telematic environment elaborated with the utilization of free software routines, which has an interface that promotes the communication through text, sound, image and email, incorporating all the resources nowadays utilized on distance education and advances allowing the complete sharing of applicative. The differential of our proposal was the settle-ment of a total interaction between the participants, what happened through a synchronous interconnection, real time, via internet, with all the participants sharing the softwares. This sharing means that all the participants could visualize the activities developed by their part-ners, the processes that were remotely used, which was the utilized method of problem solu-tion and, in addition, they remotely accessed the other participantsâ machines, being allowed to write and draw in the computer of a virtual partner. The virtual classes were planned through Didactic Engineering and approached the main elementary geometric constructions as perpendicular, bisectrix, bisector, able arc and others. During the sessions we substitute the traditional ruler and measure and utilized the software of dynamic geometry: GeoGebra. Play-ing my teacher role, I adopted in the interventions the management indicated by Fedathi Se-quence, which is a theoretic-methodological approach created on Multimeios Laboratory of Federal University of Cearà by professor Dr. HermÃnio Borges Neto. Through its four steps: positioning, maturation, solution and test, the new methodology aims, from the mediation between teacher and students, to provide a significant learning constructed with the active participation of the students in a collaborative way. From all this theoretical and technological context, the Geometric Construction course was materialized in five classes for five students and it was possible to observe the effectiveness of the technological environment assembled by the strong interaction between the partners and the active mediation of the teacher. The geometric constructions were elaborated in partnership through the participation of all mem-bers of the group.