With the increased globalization and expansion of the markets worldwide, companies have to struggle with increased competition. Therefore, organisations have begun to offer advantages such as a personalisation of products to potential customers. Market conditions and legal policies can make it challenging to predict whether those ad-vantages can be realized. Project managers are often in the position of having to fulfil these requirements; in continuously changing influencing factors that make tasks diffi-cult to manage. These circumstances create complexity. Frequently, managers are una-ware that complexity has created problems in a specific project. Often, the traditional standards of project management no longer provide a sufficient support to managers of complex projects. This research investigates how current standards of project management address com-plexity, and whether a supplement is necessary. Complexity strengtheners are investi-gated. One standard Project Management Institute (PMI) is selected as an example to analyze the influence of strengtheners on PM-processes. A funnel model is developed based on these research findings. This is aimed to help managers in their daily practice and support them in categorizing the complexity of their projects. Based on this model, managers should be able to recognize the actual strengtheners of complexity and which processes of their project are affected. Finally, a possible adaption of the standard is re-searched. A proposition for a new comprehensive guide is designed to support manag-ers carrying out complex projects. The key managerial implication of this research is the development of a five-step model for handling complexity in projects: forming, storming, norming, performing, and ad-journing. Furthermore, the intent of this thesis is to make a valid contribution to the management literature. For handling complexity the new funnel model should close the gap between the recognition of complexity in a project and underlying causes. The new five-step model thus provides project managers helpful guidelines for handling complex projects. This research applies a mixed method, consisting of a survey (quantitative method) and focus interviews (qualitative method) with experts of project management (PMI) in Germany. There are approximately 4.900 PMI certified project managers in Germany; more than 170 participated in the survey (3.6%). This is considered sufficient to provide reliable results for this research. Further, three focus interviews deepen the knowledge and validate the results of the survey: Complexity is an actual problem in project man-agement. Existing standards are sufficient for project management, but complexity can-not be standardized. This thesis proposes to help project managers to resolve project complexity by providing guidelines for navigating through complex projects.

Em certas atividades de serviços, a intangibilidade do que está sendo produzido, as especificidades de cada cliente-usuário e sua possível participação na concepção ou na produção da solução, são algumas das características que aumentam a complexidade e a variabilidade dos processos produtivos. A intangibilidade refere-se à condição imaterial daquilo que se produz, fazendo emergir a necessidade de que a solução seja idealizada pelos envolvidos em seu desenvolvimento, tornando mais complexos os processos de especificação do serviço, de planejamento do trabalho, de mensuração de desempenho e de avaliação da qualidade. Em serviços realizados por equipes multiprofissionais, o desafio de fazer convergir as diferentes visões sobre o que deve ser produzido torna-se ainda maior, uma vez que as percepções dos seus integrantes são condicionadas aos respectivos campos de conhecimento e experiências. Quando a cooperação do usuário é necessária para o desenvolvimento do serviço, torna-se fundamental oferecer a ele condições que facilitem sua atuação, e a responsabilidade por inserir o usuário no processo produtivo recai sobre os profissionais que o atendem, implicando em uma carga adicional de trabalho e maior dependência da relação de serviço. Por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos realizado com seis equipes multiprofissionais dos serviços de saúde pública da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as condições organizacionais que podem favorecer o trabalho em grupo frente aos desafios decorrentes da intangibilidade do objeto de trabalho e da participação do usuário no processo produtivo. Nesse contexto, observamos que os profissionais das equipes ESF apresentam dificuldades em identificar os limites de responsabilidade e de atuação sobre os problemas, dificuldades para coordenar o trabalho, dificuldades relativas à inadequação de recursos e de processos de apoio necessários à adequada participação do usuário, além de desgastes emocionais. Os resultados apontam que o trabalho das equipes é favorecido pela frequente e contínua interação entre os envolvidos, pela disseminação do conceito de serviço, pela definição de papéis dos profissionais e dos usuários na relação de serviço, pelo estabelecimento / In certain service activities, the intangibility of what is being produced, the particularities of each client/user and their possible contribution to the creation or production of a solution are some of the characteristics that increase the complexity and variability of productive processes. Intangibility refers to the immaterial condition of that which is produced, bringing about the need for a solution to be designed by those involved with its development, and increasing the complexity of service specification processes, work planning, performance measurement and quality assessment. In multi-professional or multi-disciplinary teams, the challenge of enabling different views to converge towards what must be produced becomes increasingly greater, as participants perceptions are conditioned to their respective fields of knowledge and to the different professional experiences. When the cooperation of users is required to develop the service, it is essential that they are provided conditions that allow them to perform. Moreover, the responsibility for the inclusion of users in the productive process lies with professionals who serve such users, implying an additional work load and greater dependence on the service relationship. A multiple case study was performed with six multi-professional teams from the public health services of the Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF Family Health Strategy), aiming to identify the organizational conditions that can promote group work, when facing the challenges resulting from the intangibility of the object of work and from the participation of users in the productive process. In this context, ESF team professionals were found to have difficulties in identifying the limits of their responsibility for and action with regard to problems, difficulties in coordinating the work, difficulties concerning the inadequacy of resources and support processes required for adequate user participation, in addition to emotional strains. The results of this study indicate that team work can be promoted by the frequent and constant interaction among participants, dissemination of the service concept, definition of roles of professionals and users in the service relationship, establishment of a connection with users, and stability of professionals in the teams.

Este estudo foi realizado em cinco Unidades de Saúde da Família (USFs), denominados Núcleos de Saúde da Família (NSFs), pertencentes ao Centro de Saúde Escola da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (CSE-FMRP-USP). Procuramos compreender como os profissionais das equipes de saúde da família percebem o papel do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS). Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com todos os médicos, enfermeiras e auxiliares de enfermagem que já trabalhavam nos NSFs por mais de dois anos. Identificamos unidades temáticas pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam diversos posicionamentos sobre o papel do ACS na equipe. A maioria dos profissionais vê o ACS como um ator que pode facilitar as relações entre a equipe e a comunidade, servindo de elo entre esses dois universos. Para outros, entretanto, o fato de o ACS atuar na mesma comunidade em que mora pode gerar situações que, em vez de facilitarem o trabalho da equipe, podem criar mais problemas. Os profissionais também revelaram algumas vivências nos NSFs, traduzidas como “dificuldades", que devem ser revistas para o sucesso do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF). Constatamos ainda que o ACS é um importante profissional na equipe, mas que sozinho não opera mudanças, sendo fundamental o comprometimento de todos os profissionais do PSF, para que as atividades sejam desenvolvidas, o que requer uma mudança de comportamento, que representa um desafio a ser superado. / This study was conducted within the five Family Health units, called Family Health Nucleus, from Health School Center of the University of São Paulo- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine. We tried to figure out how members of family health teams perceived the role of the community’s health agent within their teams. This is a qualitative research. The data were collected through half-structuralized interviews with all doctors, nurses, and nursing assistants who had worked at the studied units for more than two years. We identified the units by “themes" through a content analysis. Results highlighted several different views about the agent’s role within the team. Most professionals see the agent as an “actor" who could make relationships between the professional team and the community easier, thus serving as a link between these two distinct universes. However, others think that, the fact that the agents live in the same community where they work might create situations that, instead of easing the team’s job, could mean an additional problem. Professionals also reported experiences on the workplace (which we translated as “difficulties") that should be reviewed for the success of the Family Health Program. Through this study we could understand the agents were important within the Program, but they will not promote changes alone, unless all the professionals involved were committed to the success of the activities comprising the Program, which requires behavior changes, a challenge to be overcome.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA APARECIDA DE OLIVEIRA.pdf: 521626 bytes, checksum: 5c4b9eacc001ed4ed2789c7ea25cbae5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-21 / This research set out to investigate students from the Business Administration course at INESC Institute Cenecista of Higher Education in Unai MG, with the aim of finding out if the community dimension of religion contributes positively to the team work in this course. In order to study this theme, the methodology used the concepts of youth, religion, administration and team work as well as field research. By youth we mean a socially constructed category, delimited along age bands from 15 to 24 years old. This age is defined by the International Organization of Youth and an option used in most demographic analyses. Religion gives sense to life and it is eminently collective . Administration is considered to be a concept of service, directed by someone at the service of others. Team work happens where a group of people unite to reach a common goal. The field research showed that the experience of a community dimension exercises influence in interpersonal relations. Values such as cooperation, union and mutual respect, transmitted through the community dimension of religion, facilitate relationship in the work environment, thereby, contributing to the team s performance in a satisfactory and productive manner. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar estudantes do curso de Administração de Empresas do INESC Instituto de Ensino Superior Cenecista em Unaí - MG, a fim de sabermos se a dimensão comunitária contribui positivamente no quesito trabalho em equipe no referido curso. Para o estudo deste tema a metodologia usada serviuse dos conceitos de juventude, religião, administração e equipes de trabalho, bem como a pesquisa de campo. Por juventude assumimos que é uma categoria socialmente construída, delimitada pela faixa etária de 15 a 24 anos. Tal idade é definida pela Organização Internacional da Juventude e também opção utilizada em todas as análises demográficas. A religião dá sentido à vida e é eminentemente coletiva . A administração é conceituada como aquela que, sob o comando de alguém presta um serviço ao outro. As equipes de trabalho são um conjunto de pessoas que se reúnem para atingir um objetivo comum. A pesquisa de campo mostrou que a experiência da dimensão comunitária exerce influência quanto às relações interpessoais. Valores como a cooperação, união e respeito mútuo, transmitidos pela dimensão comunitária da religião, uma vez vividos por estes jovens, facilitam os relacionamentos no ambiente de trabalho, contribuindo, assim, para o desempenho das equipes de modo mais satisfatório e produtivo.

Este estudo foi realizado em cinco Unidades de Saúde da Família (USFs), denominados Núcleos de Saúde da Família (NSFs), pertencentes ao Centro de Saúde Escola da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (CSE-FMRP-USP). Procuramos compreender como os profissionais das equipes de saúde da família percebem o papel do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS). Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com todos os médicos, enfermeiras e auxiliares de enfermagem que já trabalhavam nos NSFs por mais de dois anos. Identificamos unidades temáticas pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam diversos posicionamentos sobre o papel do ACS na equipe. A maioria dos profissionais vê o ACS como um ator que pode facilitar as relações entre a equipe e a comunidade, servindo de elo entre esses dois universos. Para outros, entretanto, o fato de o ACS atuar na mesma comunidade em que mora pode gerar situações que, em vez de facilitarem o trabalho da equipe, podem criar mais problemas. Os profissionais também revelaram algumas vivências nos NSFs, traduzidas como “dificuldades”, que devem ser revistas para o sucesso do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF). Constatamos ainda que o ACS é um importante profissional na equipe, mas que sozinho não opera mudanças, sendo fundamental o comprometimento de todos os profissionais do PSF, para que as atividades sejam desenvolvidas, o que requer uma mudança de comportamento, que representa um desafio a ser superado. / This study was conducted within the five Family Health units, called Family Health Nucleus, from Health School Center of the University of São Paulo- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine. We tried to figure out how members of family health teams perceived the role of the community’s health agent within their teams. This is a qualitative research. The data were collected through half-structuralized interviews with all doctors, nurses, and nursing assistants who had worked at the studied units for more than two years. We identified the units by “themes” through a content analysis. Results highlighted several different views about the agent’s role within the team. Most professionals see the agent as an “actor” who could make relationships between the professional team and the community easier, thus serving as a link between these two distinct universes. However, others think that, the fact that the agents live in the same community where they work might create situations that, instead of easing the team’s job, could mean an additional problem. Professionals also reported experiences on the workplace (which we translated as “difficulties”) that should be reviewed for the success of the Family Health Program. Through this study we could understand the agents were important within the Program, but they will not promote changes alone, unless all the professionals involved were committed to the success of the activities comprising the Program, which requires behavior changes, a challenge to be overcome.

Denna avhandling utgör en studie av företagsledares arbetsmetodik och möjligheterna att organisera arbetet inom en företagsledning. I boken presenteras ett antal nya aspekter på såväl effektiviteten i företagsledande arbete som möjligheterna för företagsledare att initiera och påverka företagsutvecklande processer. Boken bygger på en studie av arbetet i företagsledningen inom Facit AB, åren 1984 till 1989. Åren 1987, 1988 och 1989 följdes ledningsarbetet i detalj genom regelbundna djupintervjuer med hela företagsledningen. Under tiden för studien leddes företaget av Ulf Bergenudd, idag VD för Svenska Pressbyrån, och med tidigare VD-uppdrag inom bland annat Wang Scandinavia och Datema bakom sig. Studiens slutsatser faller inom ramen för tre huvudsakliga teman: I företagsteori dominerar föreställning att ansvar inte bara kan utan bör definieras och fördelas i så hög grad som möjligt. Denna föreställning är begränsat relevant och i viss utsträckning direkt effektivitetshämmande när det gäller företagsledande arbete. I företagsteori dominerar föreställningen att mål och strategier arbetas fram i särskilda och avgränsbara aktiviteter. Föreställningen baseras på vilseledande förenklingar av förutsättningarna för företagsledande arbete. I stället kan mål och strategier betraktas som det successiva resultatet av ständigt pågående inlärningsprocesser vilka har sina egna och specifika villkor för att vara effektiva. Företagsledare påverkar i lika hög grad händelseutvecklingen i ett företag genom att successivt definiera och organisera ledningens arbete – alltså genom att implementera aktiviteter – som genom att ta ställning i olika sakfrågor eller till hur olika problemkomplex skall hanteras, dvs genom beslutsfattande. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1993</p>

In the recent years, the financial tendency in Taiwan towards merging banks into financial holding companies. Traditional banking services, i.e. deposit saving and loan, have been replaced by the most popular consumer financial products such as cash card and credit card. In order to adapt to the rapid changing financial trends, a more flexible and accurate information system will be an imperative for the management levels. The mainframe systems, the most popular system in the banking industry, have been challenged by the open systems of client-server architecture. This research is to explore the critical success factors of the multi-sections collaboration in a system reengineering project. This exploratory study adopts case study method. It takes in-depth interviews with fourteen IT supervisors and executives from the case-study bank. After summarizing and analyzing the related factors, the conclusions are as followed. 1. Set up checkpoints in the project development process, and review the utilization of resources including human resources, cost and programming quality. 2. At least, there is a team member who masters the system to be replaced and the network system in order to fully understand the merit and defect of the replaced system. 3. For IT professionals who are already provided with banking related knowledge and information technology, they need a charismatic project leader. 4. Except for traditional communication of interpersonal behaviors, leaders can adopt new technology such as wide-band conference or distant VOD (voice on demand) to reinforce the communications among members who are located in different places. 5. Avoid conflicts and direct them to cooperation. Discover the events and problems that cause the conflicts and target on problem solving levels. 6. In the internal organizational structure levels, divide and adjust them into well-structured divisions or sections. As for the external levels, project departments should be set up for these specific projects. 7. Leaders should present the project plans and steps to all the involving IT staff before the project initiates, in order to bring all the project members with participation and responsibility.

New challenges and possibilities for society, traditional attitude, emphasising the importance of factual knowledge, does not fit the developing society and its activity needs. In educational institutions education, orientied to special skills, abilities and the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, exausted its possibilities in attitude of modified requirements of activity system and the needs of society. Developing a social service system for children and families, the subject matter of students’ social favour needs becomes very topical and important while foreseeing the organisation forms, trends, modes and methods of social aid at school. Society and different state institutions, as well as education system, consider the needs of social aid at school to be a certain generally acknowled problem that has eventually to be solved. This problem is undesirable and menaces for the future in Lithuania. This conditioned the introduction of shifts of social educationists. The purpose of those educationists are to help to work productively with children and families which experience social risk, children with special needs, also to take up the activity of the prevention of alcoholism and drug-addiction as waell as healthy way of living and others. School in society is highly respected for developing functional skills, for the preparation for a professional career and forming the nationalism. While solving complicated maturity, social intergration, healthy way of living, social... [to full text]

Informacinių technologijų panaudojimas žmonių gyvenime vis didėja, taip pat didėja ir jų pritaikymas mokymo procese. Deja, kompiuterinės mokomosios priemonės beveik neišnaudoja komandinio darbo galimybės, nors tai laikoma viena daugiausiai žadančių inovacijų ugdymo procese. Šiai spragai užpildyti sukurta platforma, įgalinanti mokomiesiems žaidimams suteikti interaktyvaus komandinio darbo realiu laiku galimybę. Platforma skirta praktiniam pritaikymui mokomajame portale http://mokinukai.lt. Siekiama, kad platforma atitiktų šiuos reikalavimus: būtų universali ir pritaikoma įvairioms sritims, lengvai plečiama, mokomųjų žaidimų įtraukimas į platformą būtų kuo paprastesnis. Platformos veikimui pasirinktas mišrus kliento/serverio ir tiesioginio sujungimo modelis, kurio savybės geriausiai atitinka išsikeltus reikalavimus. Platforma geriausiai veikia su mokomaisiais žaidimais, turinčiais mažai žaidėjų ir nedidėlį duomenų srautą, tad tinkama pritaikymui praktikoje. / Usage of information technologies in people‘s lives is increasing, as well as increasing their application in the learning process. Unfortunately, those applications don‘t take advantage of team-work opportunity, although it is considered one of the most promising innovations in education. To fill this gap, a platform, enabling educational games to integrate interactive real-time team-work, was created. This platform is intended to be adopted to educational portal http://mokinukai.lt. The aim is that the platform has the following characteristics: a versatile and adaptable to various areas, not only education, easily expandable, creating new games to work on the platform is as easy as possible. For platform‘s architecture a mix of client/server and peer-to-peer models was chosen, it‘s characteristics suits the requirements best. The platform works best with educational games, having a few players and little traffic, so it is suitable for application in practice.

In each society there was and will be a certain number of children whose parents are incapable, or unwilling to take care of them. In Lithuania 16 thousand children are complete orphans or have lost the care of parents and live in institutions of children’s care. The upbringing of a child under the ward ship is one of the most complicated problems of a child’s care, in which both - theoretical know-how and human intuition form an integral complex. The aim of the pedagogical team of children’s care institutions is to establish families to children without family as well as help them create their own future and form their communities. Lithuanian society undergoes the period of changes with typical volatility in political, economical and social tendencies. The spirit of changes does not leave aside the organizing of children’s care in state and non-governmental children’s care institutions. Institutions rendering this type of services face high-level requirements, therefore it is feasible to train tutors and teachers for team-work. The specificity of care (ward ship) and the structural specifications of the pedagogical team of children’s care institutions is the urgent object of social research. In Lithuania this type of scientific research has been absent. The problem of the Research: structure and functioning of the pedagogical team of children‘s care institutions. The aim of the research: to evaluate and present the specific structural features and functioning of the... [to full text]