O presente trabalho teve como objetivo central compreender um sentido identitário de nação construído pela Minissérie Grande Sertão: Veredas por meio de gêneros e temas. O referencial teórico e procedimentos adotados possibilitaram compreender a articulação entre gêneros literários, gêneros do discurso, gêneros televisuais e acabamento temático numa perspectiva de construção histórica de um sentido de nação socialmente determinado. Essa abordagem abriu-nos caminho para discutir questões referentes aos diversos enfoques teóricos sobre a problemática dos gêneros no campo da Comunicação. Analisamos os discursos dos principais artífices da minissérie, os discursos da imprensa sobre a minissérie e os elementos constitutivos da minissérie com base em uma perspectiva dialógica em que a dimensão de significação das relações humanas é permeada pela ideologia do enunciado. O estudo da minissérie Grande Sertão: Veredas revelou que a escolha temática e o tratamento estético estão sujeitos às injunções sociais, que, em certa medida, privilegiam a abordagem de um ou de outro tema. Como resultado dessas discussões, identificamos características do gênero minissérie permeadas por um acabamento temático até certo ponto inovador demonstrado pelo tratamento estético diferenciado de alguns elementos narrativos, como por exemplo: personagens, sonorização, ambiente. Enfim, o acabamento temático e o tratamento estético se articulam harmoniosamente e se concretizam num produto artístico no qual é possível discernir o gênero como articulador de um modelo de interpretação e de visão do mundo. / The central target of this work is to comprehend a sense of nation identity built by the television miniseries Grande Sertão: Veredas through gender and theme. The theoretical referential and procedures adopted allow to understand the articulation between literary genders, discourse genders, televisual genders and thematic finishing in a perspective of historical construction of socially determined sense of nation. This approach has opened to us a path to discuss questions referring to several theoretical focus about the question of genders in Communication. The miniseries main personages discourses, the press discourses about the miniseries and the miniseries constitutive elements were analyzed based in a dialogical perspective where a signification dimension of human relations is permeated by the enunciation ideology. The study of the miniseries Grande Sertão: Veredas revealed that the thematic choice and the aesthetic treatment are subject to social injunctions which, in certain measure, privilege the approach of one or other themes. As result of these discussions, characteristics of the miniseries gender were observed permeated by a thematic finishing untill certain point innovative. This was demonstrated by the aesthetic finishing differentiated from some narrative elements, for instance: personages, sonorousness and ambient. In short, the thematic finishing articulates itself harmoniously and turn into an a artistic product in which is possible to discern the gender as the articulator of a paradigm of interpretation and a world vision.

Cette recherche questionne la configuration spécifique des chaînes internationales de télévision, à travers deux cas précis, ceux de TV5 Monde et France 24. La focalisation sur ces deux acteurs médiatiques nous permet d’interroger de manière concrète et empirique la circulation transnationale des contenus télévisuels. En outre, nous avons choisi de questionner la production des contenus au sein de ces chaînes en nous concentrant sur un thème qui se trouve au cœur des réflexions sur la « globalisation » et les postcolonial studies, les migrations subsahariennes. Afin de questionner les spécificités des chaînes de télévision internationales et la manière dont celles-ci se traduisent au sein des Rédactions, nous articulons l’analyse de trois types de discours : 1) Nous étudions d’une part les discours institutionnels présidant à la gouvernance des chaînes à travers les nombreux rapports politiques, ainsi que les documents communicationnels diffusés par les deux chaînes. 2) Dans l’objectif d’interroger de manière concrète la production de contenus, nous analysons également les programmations de TV5 Monde et France 24 en nous focalisant sur les émissions diffusées entre 2006 et 2010 et qui portent sur les migrations subsahariennes. 3) Les entretiens compréhensifs que nous avons menés avec les journalistes permettent alors de saisir les différentes médiations qui interviennent au sein des deux chaînes (médiations techniques, individuelles, hiérarchiques, politiques, économiques…) et qui conditionnent cette configuration de la circulation des discours télévisuels. / This research analyses the specific configuration of international television channels from two case studies, TV5 Monde and France 24. Focusing on these two media actors allows us to empirically interrogate the transnational circulation of television contents. Furthermore, we have chosen to analyse the content production of these two television channels through the theme of the Sub-Saharan migrations, which finds itself at the heart of globalisation studies and postcolonial studies. In order to examine the specificities of the international television channels and the way they manifest themselves in the newsrooms, we articulate the analysis of three types of discourses: 1) On the one hand, we study the institutional discourses presiding over the governance of the television channels by analysing numerous political reports as well as communication documents distributed by the two television channels. 2) In order to observe the content production in a concrete way, we analyse, on the other hand, the programs of the two channels, TV5 Monde and France 24, focusing more precisely on the shows on the Sub-Saharan migrations broadcast between 2006 and 2010. 3) Finally, the comprehensive interviews that we have conducted with journalists are helpful to understand the different mediations that occur in the two television channels (technological, individual, hierarchical, political, economic mediations...) and how they influence the configuration of the circulation of television discourses.

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This dissertation considers how the party-state of the People’s Republic of China has been mobilizing various forms of interpellation in an attempt to sustain a continuous imagination of a particular community defined on the terms of a shared “Chinese” national identity. As well, the research considers how these forms of interpellation have been challenged by a range of complex diasporic viewer responses. Taking media productions of the Mainland China television industry as my point of reference, I have studied in detail, multiple productions of the widely popular, complex program, the Spring Festival Gala (SFG) produced by China Central Television. Though not without its contradictions, this show has employed various interpellative strategies, persistently and continuously hailing viewers into the subject position of loyal members of an enduring “Chinese Nationality.” However, interpellation is one thing, subjectification within it is another. To better grapple with the cultural citizenship of transnationalized Chinese, this dissertation also considers observations regarding the receptions of the SFG by diasporic “Chinese subjects” who now live in Canada. While their continuous imagining of the “Chinese Nationality” helps to better understand the complex mechanisms which contribute to the retaining power of interpellation, their moments of “de-imagining” also shed light on the problems and difficulties of such interpellation. These moments are considered as possible openings to the formation of fluid, multiple Chinese subjectivities that lay the groundwork for a “flexible citizenship” (Ong, 1993; 1999) for all “Chinese,” furthering the endeavor to go beyond certain nationalist and/or statist visions of identity, subjectivity, and citizenship.

À la fin des années ’90, les modes de consommation et de production qui caractérisent l’industrie télévisuelle subissent une transformation de taille. Parce qu’elle a su s’appuyer sur les nouveaux médias et explorer de nouveaux horizons, l’industrie télévisuelle a complètement changé de visage. Les programmes télévisés – autrefois linéaires et conçus pour un public indifférencié – ont considérablement changé, bouleversant de ce fait même les habitudes des téléspectateurs. L’émergence des nouvelles technologies et la sophistication de la demande ont contraint l’industrie à développer de nouveaux concepts, en misant de plus en plus sur des produits forts singuliers, complexes sur le plan narratif. Les meilleurs sitcoms sont aujourd’hui conçus comme des objets hybrides, influencés tout à la fois par les engouements et les phénomènes populaires, la télé-réalité et le documentaire. C’est le cas de la défunte série Arrested Development, encensée par la critique pour son originalité et son impertinence. L’exubérance histrionique, l’éclatement du récit, l’humour autoréférentiel et l’intertextualité ont fait la réputation de cette série culte, devenue très influente dans le monde des séries télévisées. Ces éléments remarquables – décriés par les premiers commentateurs qui les trouvaient perturbants – montrent que l’avènement de pratiques nouvelles au sein de l’univers télévisuel a radicalement transformé l’expérience du téléspectateur. / At the end of the 1990’s, the television industry experienced drastic changes to consumption and production practices. Through the exploitation of new media and exploration of new horizons, the industry has undergone a complete transformation. The nature of television programs, which were traditionally linear and designed for a general audience, has changed considerably too, deeply affecting the experience of the viewers. With the emergence of new technologies and the sophistication of public demand, the industry has to rely on brand new concepts, henceforth developing unique and complex narratives. Some of the best sitcoms are now designed as hybrid products, influenced by cultural fads, popular phenomena, reality shows and documentaries. Praised by viewers and critics for its unconventional format, the television show Arrested Development is characterized by its histrionic exuberance, non sequitur storytelling, self-referential lines and intertextuality that have become very influential in contemporary television. This television product contains unique features – considered by contemporary commentators as being somewhat disruptive and controversial – which show how the advent of new practices within the television industry has ultimately transformed the viewer’s entire experience. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This dissertation considers how the party-state of the People’s Republic of China has been mobilizing various forms of interpellation in an attempt to sustain a continuous imagination of a particular community defined on the terms of a shared “Chinese” national identity. As well, the research considers how these forms of interpellation have been challenged by a range of complex diasporic viewer responses. Taking media productions of the Mainland China television industry as my point of reference, I have studied in detail, multiple productions of the widely popular, complex program, the Spring Festival Gala (SFG) produced by China Central Television. Though not without its contradictions, this show has employed various interpellative strategies, persistently and continuously hailing viewers into the subject position of loyal members of an enduring “Chinese Nationality.” However, interpellation is one thing, subjectification within it is another. To better grapple with the cultural citizenship of transnationalized Chinese, this dissertation also considers observations regarding the receptions of the SFG by diasporic “Chinese subjects” who now live in Canada. While their continuous imagining of the “Chinese Nationality” helps to better understand the complex mechanisms which contribute to the retaining power of interpellation, their moments of “de-imagining” also shed light on the problems and difficulties of such interpellation. These moments are considered as possible openings to the formation of fluid, multiple Chinese subjectivities that lay the groundwork for a “flexible citizenship” (Ong, 1993; 1999) for all “Chinese,” furthering the endeavor to go beyond certain nationalist and/or statist visions of identity, subjectivity, and citizenship.

This thesis examines the changing relationships between television, politics, audiences and the public sphere. Premised on the notion that mediated politics is now understood “in new ways by new voices” (Jones, 2005: 4), and appropriating what McNair (2003) calls a “chaos theory” of journalism sociology, this thesis explores how two different contemporary Australian political television programs (Sunrise and The Chaser’s War on Everything) are viewed, understood, and used by audiences. In analysing these programs from textual, industry and audience perspectives, this thesis argues that journalism has been largely thought about in overly simplistic binary terms which have failed to reflect the reality of audiences’ news consumption patterns. The findings of this thesis suggest that both ‘soft’ infotainment (Sunrise) and ‘frivolous’ satire (The Chaser’s War on Everything) are used by audiences in intricate ways as sources of political information, and thus these TV programs (and those like them) should be seen as legitimate and valuable forms of public knowledge production. It therefore might be more worthwhile for scholars to think about, research and teach journalism in the plural: as a series of complementary or antagonistic journalisms, rather than as a single coherent entity.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the current context, companies from many s egments try to show themselves sensitive to the problems that affect society as a whole. In the communication area, one can notice the release of media products that highlight the company's social responsibility, through possible traces of self promotion. In the case of media companies, it is known that these always promoted themselves: they don't talk anything without talking about themselves before. Based on these observations, this study aims to verify, through a methodological process based on Greimasia n semiotics, the role developed by a regional station, affiliated to a national, when it enables, in it's productions, the joint between social and promotional. This is possible by examining the discursive strategies of the order of temporalization, themat ization, figurativization, actorialisation and toning, and communicative strategies, external to the text, employed by RBS TV station for this purpose. For this, it was made an approximation of "social" and "promotional" terms, employed by commercial broad casters who want greater sustainability in the market. The body of the analysis is composed by nine videos (socio-institutional actions) of five social campaigns develope d by the company, Rede Brasil Su l de Televisão, in a nine year interval. The choice of the afilliate of Rede Globo de Televisão is justified by the peculiarities of the broadcasters that need to combine confidence and identity with viewers, despite operating with a restricted space for local production and subordinate of the prodution of th e head network / No contexto contemporâneo, empresas de diferentes segmentos tentam se mostrar sensíveis aos problemas que afetam a sociedade como um todo. No âmbito comunicacional, percebe-se a divulgação de produtos midiáticos que evidenciam a responsabilidade social empresarial, através de possíveis traços de autopromocionalidade. Ao se tratar e empresas de comunicação, sabe-se que essas sempre se autopromoveram: não falam de nada, sem antes falar de si. A partir dessas observações, o estudo pretende verificar, através de um processo metodológico fundamentado na semiótica greimasiana, o papel que desenvolve uma emissora regional, afiliada de uma nacional, quando viabiliza, em suas produções, a articulação do social com o promocional. Isso se torna possível a partir do exame das estratégias discursivas da ordem da temporalização, tematização, espacialização, figurativização, actorialização e tonalização, e, das comunicativas, externas ao texto, empregadas pela emissora RBS TV para obter esse fim. Para isso, realiza-se uma aproximação dos termos social e promocional, empregados por emissoras comerciais que almejam maior sustentabilidade no mercado. O corpus de análise envolve nove vídeos (ações socioinstitucionais) de cinco bandeiras sociais desenvolvidas pela empresa gaúcha, a Rede Brasil Sul de Televisão, em um intervalo de tempo de nove anos. A escolha pela afiliada da Rede Globo de Televisão está justificada nas peculiaridades dessas emissoras que precisam aliar confiança e identidade com os telespectadores, mesmo operando com um restrito espaço à produção local e com a subordinação à produção da cabeça de rede.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The following work intends to examine how contemporary media, particularly television, is recovering the memory of Brazilian society and building characteristic features of a national memory, in relation to certain periods in the country‟s history. Therefore, the research has as its main objective to observe how contemporary television sets Brazilian‟s memory in narratives that address the period of military dictatorship. Through which themes and discursive strategies do their narratives articulate the history and memory of the society of that period? Keeping in mind the general objective and the questions raised, the following specific objectives were established: (1) recover the historical context, as well as television‟s operating mode, during the period in which the country was under the regime of the military dictatorship (1964-1985), through the specialized bibliography in sociology and history; (2) characterize selected televisual programs, examining their ways of structuring, central themes and developments, through its production instances and ways of broadcasting; (3) analyze selected programs from the standpoint of their relations, for inter and intratextual; (4) identify discursive strategies and expressive mechanisms used in the representation of the Brazilian memory, through the configuration of characters, characterization of scenarios and toning. The analysis is based on discursive semiotics of European inspiration, as formulated by Hjelmslev (1975) and Greimas (1979), and invites other scholars, whose works are specifically directed to the examination of television. The work also seeks foundations in theoreticians who reflect on issues related to identity construction and national identity, memory and history of Brazilian television. / O presente trabalho propõe-se a examinar a forma como a mídia contemporânea, em particular a televisão, vem recuperando a memória da sociedade brasileira e construindo traços caracterizadores de uma memória nacional, no que concerne a determinados períodos da história do país. Assim, a investigação realizada, tem como objetivo central verificar como a televisão contemporânea configura a memória brasileira em narrativas que abordam o período da ditadura militar. Através de que temáticas e estratégias discursivas suas narrativas articulam a história e a memória da sociedade desse período? Tendo em vista o objetivo geral e os questionamentos levantados, estabeleceram-se os seguintes objetivos específicos(1) recuperar o contexto histórico, bem como o modo de funcionamento da mídia televisão, durante o período em que o país esteve sob o regime da ditadura militar (1964-1985; (2) caracterizar os programas televisuais selecionados, examinando suas formas de estruturação, temática central e desdobramentos, passando por suas instâncias de produção e formas de veiculação; (3) analisar os programas selecionados do ponto de vista de suas relações para, inter e intratextuais; (4) identificar as estratégias discursivas e mecanismos expressivos empregados na representação da história e memória brasileira, via configuração dos personagens, caracterização dos cenários e tonalização. A análise realizada fundamenta-se em uma semiótica discursiva de inspiração europeia, tal como é formulada por Hjelmslev (1975) e Greimas (1979), assim como convoca outros estudiosos, cujos trabalhos direcionam-se especificamente ao exame da televisão. O trabalho também busca fundamentos em teóricos que refletem sobre questões relacionadas a construção da identidade e identidade nacional, memória e historiografia da televisão brasileira.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo central compreender um sentido identitário de nação construído pela Minissérie Grande Sertão: Veredas por meio de gêneros e temas. O referencial teórico e procedimentos adotados possibilitaram compreender a articulação entre gêneros literários, gêneros do discurso, gêneros televisuais e acabamento temático numa perspectiva de construção histórica de um sentido de nação socialmente determinado. Essa abordagem abriu-nos caminho para discutir questões referentes aos diversos enfoques teóricos sobre a problemática dos gêneros no campo da Comunicação. Analisamos os discursos dos principais artífices da minissérie, os discursos da imprensa sobre a minissérie e os elementos constitutivos da minissérie com base em uma perspectiva dialógica em que a dimensão de significação das relações humanas é permeada pela ideologia do enunciado. O estudo da minissérie Grande Sertão: Veredas revelou que a escolha temática e o tratamento estético estão sujeitos às injunções sociais, que, em certa medida, privilegiam a abordagem de um ou de outro tema. Como resultado dessas discussões, identificamos características do gênero minissérie permeadas por um acabamento temático até certo ponto inovador demonstrado pelo tratamento estético diferenciado de alguns elementos narrativos, como por exemplo: personagens, sonorização, ambiente. Enfim, o acabamento temático e o tratamento estético se articulam harmoniosamente e se concretizam num produto artístico no qual é possível discernir o gênero como articulador de um modelo de interpretação e de visão do mundo. / The central target of this work is to comprehend a sense of nation identity built by the television miniseries Grande Sertão: Veredas through gender and theme. The theoretical referential and procedures adopted allow to understand the articulation between literary genders, discourse genders, televisual genders and thematic finishing in a perspective of historical construction of socially determined sense of nation. This approach has opened to us a path to discuss questions referring to several theoretical focus about the question of genders in Communication. The miniseries main personages discourses, the press discourses about the miniseries and the miniseries constitutive elements were analyzed based in a dialogical perspective where a signification dimension of human relations is permeated by the enunciation ideology. The study of the miniseries Grande Sertão: Veredas revealed that the thematic choice and the aesthetic treatment are subject to social injunctions which, in certain measure, privilege the approach of one or other themes. As result of these discussions, characteristics of the miniseries gender were observed permeated by a thematic finishing untill certain point innovative. This was demonstrated by the aesthetic finishing differentiated from some narrative elements, for instance: personages, sonorousness and ambient. In short, the thematic finishing articulates itself harmoniously and turn into an a artistic product in which is possible to discern the gender as the articulator of a paradigm of interpretation and a world vision.