The Possibility of Promoting Collaboration Commerce for Steel Industry ¡V A Case Study of Big sized Enterprises in Taiwan. Student¡GMing-Ho Chen Advisor¡GPhd. Chin-Fu Ho Department of Information Management National Sun Yat-sen University Abstract The time of high steel price is coming ,the competitive rules is still not change are low cost and discriminatory is the same as depression in economy .It is important to care for customer service product added values and to reduce management costs to prevent cycling from previous Dilemma .Collaboration Commerce is the perfect solution to promote competitive capability and to reduce cost for B2B. Collaboration Commerce is not only to share information to reduce cost but also promote market effective ,further , to create a transaction-platform for customer and supplier. Collaboration Commerce is not successfully in Domestic steel industry ,although electronized enterprise very early. Therefore, the introduction of IOS shall not only start from technological aspect, but also have to evaluate as a whole from collaboration, organization and technology. Hence, this research is based on the three major scopes of IOS addressed by Kumar and Crook (1999), and explores inter-organizational collaboration¡¦s influence on Collaboration Commerce through IBM e-Business Collaboration Tool / evaluation model for supplier ; furthermore, combines TEMPLET evaluation model to analyze enterprise¡¦s organization and technology capability to predict the possibility for domestic steel enterprises to promote Collaboration Commerce in the future. This research adopts qualitative research method and combines secondary literature to discuss the pioneer enterprises promotion processes, which implement the project of Collaboration Commerce , and through the analysis to verify and correct the initial concept model and theoretical claims of the research framework. Furthermore, in terms of case analysis, the research object is the big sized steel companies and their subcontractors of the big sized steel industry. Steel industry is one of the traditional domestic industries, which required highly specialty and labor division, all of its products have to be closely cooperated between manufacturers and subcontractors, so it is the model of standard upper and lower supply chains relationship, however, its supply chains still lack of information system¡¦s support till now. Therefore, it is expected to estimate the feasibility for Steel industry to promote Collaboration Commerce to upper and lower supply chains through this research, and bring up appropriate business model and relevant suggestions according to research results. This research shows that case enterprise¡¦s Collaboration for supplier¡¦s capability is inferior to the pioneer enterprises C.S.C., on one hand it is because of the different industrial natures, and on the other hand is not ready for workflow . In terms of organization management and IT¡¦s capability, case enterprise has common or above organization levels, so it has adequate operating flexibility, however, to see as a whole, Furthermore, the research shows the problem and successful case and the implement strategy &planning. Case enterprises to implement Collaboration Commerce in the future shall enhance the strength and improve the weakness in evaluation model, and have all the supply chains levels up and balanced ,still great chances for it to promote Collaboration Commerce successfully in the future ,can improve the production ¡B Inventory ¡Bpurchase¡Bcustomer desire get good optimized,to integrate interenterprises from inner to outer and less labor via organization and technology.specially,it is easy to be successful in grouping enterprises for Collaboration Commerce ,because it is be shared for information and data transactions .Low cost and discriminatory are the keypoints in competition enterprises need to investigate the key performance indicator any time ,included people ¡Awrkflow ¡Astrategy etc. it shall have a team to promote Collaboration Commerce and discuss it one another by the top leader's support. This research gives the steel enterprises that want to promote Collaboration Commerce 9 specific discoveries and 2 specific discoveries in organization and IT listed below: ¤@¡BOrganization and technology 1.The work flow of companies involve considerable human intervension due to sale discounts or seasonal adequate raw material. 2.Case enterprise care for intergrating application system and database will be helpful to promote Collaboration Commerce. ¤G¡BCollaboration for supplier 1. Digital divide exist still severely in suppliers of raw material and MRO due to the performance of investment. 2. Standardize is going in progress ,but communication and coordination process slowly. 3. Government¡¦s policy have the successfully cases ,so it will be lasting to be pushed 4. Collaboration ¡¥s capability of the case enterprises ¡¥s for supplier is not adequate due to not integrated database and work flow . 5. The definition of workflow and business rules is not accordance with interorganization . 6.The Circumstances for design collaboration have the new desires in globalization . 7.The transparant of inventory information is not yet acceptable in steel industry due to privileges. 8. The investment is too high in collaboration will be considered if implement collaboration commerce by efficient. 9. Collaboration production is helpful with each other in supply chains to share iinformations and closely customer relationship. It is also expected to provide more valuable references for steel enterprises that want to promote Collaboration Commerce by this research. Keywords: steel industry, IOS, Collaboration Cmmmerce ,supply chains,TEMPLET

Uppsatsen handlar om hur receptionen av Hilma af Klints konst sett ut från 1986 fram till 2012 utifrån diskussionen om andlighet. Genom att se på olika konstskribenters texter lyfts mönster av värderingar fram som visar på inställningen till andligheten i Hilma af Klints konst.  Konsthistorikerna James Elkins och Suzi Gablik exemplifieras som två motpoler och värderingarna länkas samman med deras teorier om andlighet och religion i samtida konst.

Projektet är ett förslag på hur man kan bygga nya bostäder, kontor och butiker i en av Stockholms större innerstadsparker. Hornsbruksgatan på Södermalm ligger längs Högalidsparken som kröns av Ivar Tengboms Högalidskyrka från 1923. I förslaget presenteras två byggnadskomplex med ett 30-tal lägenheter på drygt 1300 kvm samt ca 3500kvm för kontor och detaljhandel. Byggnadskropparna är tegelklädda med bärande stomelement i betongskivor. Förslaget handlar om hur husen möter parken och gatan som har två helt skilda karaktärer. Stadsgatan möter en allvarlig park för rekreation. Kan arkitekturen förstärka dessa genom att verka som en tydlig gräns och länk?

Platsen för projektet är bergskanten mellan Hornsbruksgatan och Högalidsparken på Södermalm i Stockholm. Platsen präglas av en stark tvåsidighet, mellan gata och park, som jag valt att ta fasta på i mitt projekt även i programmet. Många vill bo i Stockholms innerstad men få är priviligerade att faktiskt kunna göra det och därför har det varit viktigt för mig att bygga effektiva bostäder där bostadsytan kan användas effektivt för att fler ska få plats att bo i staden. Jag har ritat fyra hus där studenter och familjer med föränderliga behov av bostadsyta kan leva i symbios. Detta tack vare sina olikheter med olika krav och önskningar på bostaden. På varje våning över parknivå finns tre lägenheter, två studentlägenheter och en större “villalägenhet”. Mellan de båda mindre studentlägenheterna och den större finns ett rum som tack vare skjutbara väggar kan tillhöra båda lägenheterna. De små hushållen kan, tack vare den korta hyrestiden på studentlägenheter, fungera som en buffertzon för de stora hushållen då dessa behöver mer eller mindre utrymme. Samtidigt möjliggör detta att fler studenter får möjlighet att bo i Stockholms innerstad.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar una base de conocimiento sólida para la restauración ecológica de ríos, basada en la respuesta de comunidades acuáticas a cambios en la conectividad hídrica, factores medioambientales y presión antrópica. La conectividad hídrica lateral resultó ser el factor principal que estructura hábitats y comunidades acuáticas en el Ebro; mientras que la turbidez, salinidad y concentración de nutrientes fueron factores secundarios. La combinación de estos factores establece un marco ecológico que permite realizar predicciones acerca de los patrones taxonómicos y funcionales con más probabilidades de ocurrir en la llanura del Ebro. La posibilidad de que se creen nuevos humedales de forma natural en el Ebro es muy baja, mientras los que quedan están amenazados por una baja renovación del agua. El objetivo de la restauración ecológica debe por tanto consistir en re-establecer un amplio rango de condiciones hídricas, de acuerdo con el potencial sostenible del ecosistema. / The present study aims to provide a solid background for river-floodplain restoration based in the response of aquatic communities, to changes in hydrological connectivity, environmental factors and human pressure across the floodplain of a Mediterranean river.The lateral hydrological connectivity was found to be the key factor structuring the habitats and aquatic communities of the Middle Ebro floodplain, while turbidity, salinity and nutrient status were secondary drivers. These factors created a template for the aquatic community development that enabled predictions about the taxonomic and functional patterns in those aquatic communities more likely to occur under particular conditions. In the Middle Ebro River, there are very few possibilities of new wetlands creation, while the diversity and functionality of the remaining ones are threatened by the limited hydrological connectivity. The objective of floodplains restoration should thus consist in re-establishing a wide range of wetland types in accordance with the river-floodplain potential of sustainability.