CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo descrever o conceito de Natureza na obra de Merleau-Ponty, mostrando como o processo de naturalizaÃÃo da fenomenologia foi fundamental para a construÃÃo de uma teoria do Ser. Desejamos mostrar, sobretudo, como à possÃvel, a partir de tal exposiÃÃo, uma noÃÃo de Natureza que nÃo seja entendida como antÃtese da consciÃncia, reconhecendo na primeira a condiÃÃo de surgimento da segunda. Esta consideraÃÃo, nos leva diretamente para o esforÃo de reconhecer a Natureza em sua dimensÃo temporal e simbÃlica, que, em obras primeiras do filÃsofo francÃs, permanecera como subsumida Ãs estruturas da percepÃÃo humana, ou como o produto das correlaÃÃes sensÃveis do corpo prÃprio. Em primeiro lugar, mostraremos a constituiÃÃo do Ser natural a partir de dois enfoques, quais sejam, um epistemolÃgico, nas primeiras obras de Merleau-Ponty, em que o diÃlogo com as filosofias transcendentais representou a impossibilidade mesma de uma psicologia pura, e um enfoque ontolÃgico, no qual a inevitÃvel elaboraÃÃo de uma teoria do Ser natural à entendida como uma propedÃutica em relaÃÃo aos estudos acerca da percepÃÃo e do corpo. Caberà a nÃs, finalmente, identificar no curso A Natureza a envergadura ontolÃgica desta, reconhecendo nela a posiÃÃo de ser primordial / This dissertation aims to describe the concept of Nature in the work of Merleau-Ponty, showing how the process of naturalization of phenomenology was essential in building a theory of Being. We want to show, above all, how is it possible, from such presentation, a sense of Nature that is not understood as the antithesis of consciousness, recognizing the first as the condition of the latter. This consideration leads us directly to the effort to recognize the Nature in its temporal and symbolic dimension, which in early works of the French philosopher remained as subsumed to the structures of human perception, or as the product of sensitive correlations of the body. First, we will show the constitution of Natural Being from two approaches, namely an epistemological, in Merleau-PontyÂs first works, in which the dialogue with the transcendental philosophies represented the very impossibility of a pure psychology, and an ontological approach, in which the inevitable development of a theory of natural Being is understood as a propaedeutic to the studies of the perception and the body. This path directly leads us, finally, to identify in the course Nature an ontological scale of natural Being, recognizing in it the position of a primary Being.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo entender, por meio da análise fílmica, as formas como a temporalidade está presente no imaginário social na modernidade. Para isso, foi inicialmente elaborada uma abordagem histórica da constituição da temporalidade moderna, refletindo sobre a perda da narrativa, e da tradição e as mudanças no significado da morte. A análise dos filmes Dolls, Paris, Texas, Sob a areia e A eternidade e um dia vêm mostrar formas de temporalidade que se apresentam como contraponto àquela hegemônica na modernidade. Em seus temas, são abordados os elementos de ruptura: a errância, o desenraizamento, o luto e a rememoração / This thesis seeks to understand, through filmic analysis, the ways in which temporality is present in the social imaginary of modernity. To do so, it initially elaborates a historic approach to the construction of modern temporality, reflecting on the loss of narrative, tradition and the changing meaning of death. The analysis of the four films Dolls, Paris, Texas, Under the Sand and Eternity and a Day demonstrates forms of temporality that are presented as a counterpoint to that which is hegemonic in modernity. The key themes approached are elements of rupture: wandering, uprooting, mourning and remembering

A utilização do conceito de tempo como uma categoria de análise em Geografia não é tão rara quanto se imagina, mas tampouco é tão presente e reflexiva quanto se gostaria. Ainda mais raros são os trabalhos de pesquisa que incluem de maneira efetiva a dimensão espaçotemporal na análise geográfica. Esta pesquisa apresenta, portanto, uma discussão em torno de autores que analisam esta perspectiva, na tentativa de construir os conceitos de espaço-tempo, temporalidade (velocidade de transporte de matéria e informação) e identidade espaçotemporal, ao mesmo tempo em que tenta articulá-los ao universo conceitual da Geografia. Adicionalmente, esta pesquisa também tenta demonstrar uma possibilidade de uso efetivo destes conceitos na análise de um recorte espacial específico. O trabalho de campo experimental foi desenvolvido na cidade de Terra de Areia, no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, onde diversos fluxos lentos e rápidos convivem proximamente, gerando conflitos temporais manifestados nos hábitos, gestos e sentimentos dos habitantes da localidade. / The use of the concept of time as a category of analysis in Geography is not as rare as we imagine, but neither is as reflexive or common as we would like it to be. Even more rare are the scientific works that include in an effective way the space-time dimension in geographical analysis. This research presents, therefore, a discussion about authors who discuss this perspective, in trying to build the concepts of space-time, temporality (matter and information transport speed) and spatial-temporal identity at the same time that tries to link them to the conceptual universe of Geography. Also, this research tries to demonstrate a possibility of effective use of these concepts in the analysis of a specific portion of space. The experimental field work was developed in the city of Terra de Areia, in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, where several flows with different speeds live closely, generating temporal conflicts manifested in habits, gestures and feelings of the inhabitants of the town.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:41:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzana_Gotardo_Meira.pdf: 8400868 bytes, checksum: f5a20748dd8c58fd10206b2028e78111 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The environmental impacts caused by the industrialization of Agriculture is an argument to question the package, based on the domination of all life through economic and instrumental rationality. The Agroecology and organic agriculture, among other forms of alternatives to conventional agriculture, arises from the crisis of modernity. To carry out studies on these forms of production in some municipalities in the Southwest of Paraná, we realize discussions around this issue. The cities selected for this research were Itapejara d´Oeste, Salto do Lontra e Verê (PR), because they have some history with Agroecology and organic agriculture. So, we were able to make progress in discussions on the subject, proposing a typology to differentiate rural establishments who practice organic agriculture, those based on principles of Agroecology and apply this typology with farmers in the three municipalities. We also perform a geographical approach to the subject, seeking to seize rhythms, temporalities, territorialities and intentionality that characterize the Agroecology and organic agriculture developed in the cities surveyed. To achieve these objectives, the methodology consisted of bibliographic surveys of authors that discuss the concept of organic agriculture and Agroecology, and try to identificate internationalities and territorialities in a specific empirical reality. We conducted interviews starting from a pre-established screenplay, with farmers and representatives of partner institutions of the organic and agro-ecological production in Itapejara d´Oeste, Salto do Lontra and Verê (PR). Farmers who practice organic agriculture and Agroecology are entered into multiple territories, resulting from the coexistence of overlapping and their material and immaterial territorialities of different temporalities, which in turn are conditioned by the intentionality of these farmers and other social subjects. In this way, these farmers print their actions through time and territorialize the space where they live, creating and transforming their territorialities and temporalities. / Os impactos ambientais ocasionados pela industrialização da agricultura colocam em questão o pacote modernizador, baseado na dominação de todas as formas de vida por meio da racionalidade econômica e instrumental. A Agroecologia e a agricultura orgânica, entre várias outras formas de alternativas ao modelo convencional de agricultura, surgem do cenário de crise da modernidade. Ao realizarmos estudos sobre estas formas de produção em alguns municípios do Sudoeste do Paraná, percebemos que as discussões em torno desta temática carecem ainda de um maior aprofundamento. Os municípios selecionados para esta pesquisa foram Itapejara d´Oeste, Salto do Lontra e Verê (PR), pois já possuem uma trajetória com a Agroecologia e a agricultura orgânica. Assim, tivemos condições de avançar nas discussões sobre a temática, propondo uma tipologia para diferenciar estabelecimentos rurais que praticam a agricultura orgânica, daqueles mais próximos aos ideários da Agroecologia e assim, aplicar essa tipologia com os agricultores dos três municípios. Também realizamos uma abordagem geográfica do assunto, buscando apreender ritmos, temporalidades, territorialidades e intencionalidades que caracterizam a Agroecologia e a agricultura orgânica desenvolvida nos municípios pesquisados. Para atingirmos estes objetivos, a metodologia consistiu em levantamentos bibliográficos de autores que abordam o conceito de agricultura orgânica e de Agroecologia, temporalidades, territorialidades e intencionalidades, e em sua aplicação em uma realidade empírica específica. Para tanto, realizamos entrevistas com um roteiro pré-estabelecido, com agricultores e representantes de instituições parceiras da produção orgânica e agroecológica de Itapejara d´Oeste, Salto do Lontra e Verê (PR). Os agricultores que praticam a agricultura orgânica e a Agroecologia estão inseridos em múltiplos territórios, decorrentes da sobreposição e coexistência de suas territorialidades materiais e imateriais e de diferentes temporalidades, que por sua vez, são condicionadas pelas intencionalidades desses agricultores, bem como de outros sujeitos sociais. Dessa forma, esses agricultores imprimem suas ações através do tempo e territorializam o espaço onde vivem, criando e transformando suas territorialidades e temporalidades.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzana_Gotardo_Meira.pdf: 8400868 bytes, checksum: f5a20748dd8c58fd10206b2028e78111 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The environmental impacts caused by the industrialization of Agriculture is an argument to question the package, based on the domination of all life through economic and instrumental rationality. The Agroecology and organic agriculture, among other forms of alternatives to conventional agriculture, arises from the crisis of modernity. To carry out studies on these forms of production in some municipalities in the Southwest of Paraná, we realize discussions around this issue. The cities selected for this research were Itapejara d´Oeste, Salto do Lontra e Verê (PR), because they have some history with Agroecology and organic agriculture. So, we were able to make progress in discussions on the subject, proposing a typology to differentiate rural establishments who practice organic agriculture, those based on principles of Agroecology and apply this typology with farmers in the three municipalities. We also perform a geographical approach to the subject, seeking to seize rhythms, temporalities, territorialities and intentionality that characterize the Agroecology and organic agriculture developed in the cities surveyed. To achieve these objectives, the methodology consisted of bibliographic surveys of authors that discuss the concept of organic agriculture and Agroecology, and try to identificate internationalities and territorialities in a specific empirical reality. We conducted interviews starting from a pre-established screenplay, with farmers and representatives of partner institutions of the organic and agro-ecological production in Itapejara d´Oeste, Salto do Lontra and Verê (PR). Farmers who practice organic agriculture and Agroecology are entered into multiple territories, resulting from the coexistence of overlapping and their material and immaterial territorialities of different temporalities, which in turn are conditioned by the intentionality of these farmers and other social subjects. In this way, these farmers print their actions through time and territorialize the space where they live, creating and transforming their territorialities and temporalities. / Os impactos ambientais ocasionados pela industrialização da agricultura colocam em questão o pacote modernizador, baseado na dominação de todas as formas de vida por meio da racionalidade econômica e instrumental. A Agroecologia e a agricultura orgânica, entre várias outras formas de alternativas ao modelo convencional de agricultura, surgem do cenário de crise da modernidade. Ao realizarmos estudos sobre estas formas de produção em alguns municípios do Sudoeste do Paraná, percebemos que as discussões em torno desta temática carecem ainda de um maior aprofundamento. Os municípios selecionados para esta pesquisa foram Itapejara d´Oeste, Salto do Lontra e Verê (PR), pois já possuem uma trajetória com a Agroecologia e a agricultura orgânica. Assim, tivemos condições de avançar nas discussões sobre a temática, propondo uma tipologia para diferenciar estabelecimentos rurais que praticam a agricultura orgânica, daqueles mais próximos aos ideários da Agroecologia e assim, aplicar essa tipologia com os agricultores dos três municípios. Também realizamos uma abordagem geográfica do assunto, buscando apreender ritmos, temporalidades, territorialidades e intencionalidades que caracterizam a Agroecologia e a agricultura orgânica desenvolvida nos municípios pesquisados. Para atingirmos estes objetivos, a metodologia consistiu em levantamentos bibliográficos de autores que abordam o conceito de agricultura orgânica e de Agroecologia, temporalidades, territorialidades e intencionalidades, e em sua aplicação em uma realidade empírica específica. Para tanto, realizamos entrevistas com um roteiro pré-estabelecido, com agricultores e representantes de instituições parceiras da produção orgânica e agroecológica de Itapejara d´Oeste, Salto do Lontra e Verê (PR). Os agricultores que praticam a agricultura orgânica e a Agroecologia estão inseridos em múltiplos territórios, decorrentes da sobreposição e coexistência de suas territorialidades materiais e imateriais e de diferentes temporalidades, que por sua vez, são condicionadas pelas intencionalidades desses agricultores, bem como de outros sujeitos sociais. Dessa forma, esses agricultores imprimem suas ações através do tempo e territorializam o espaço onde vivem, criando e transformando suas territorialidades e temporalidades.

It is widely assumed in both popular and scholarly imaginaries that Travellers, due to their 'nomadic mind-set' and non-sedentary uses of land, do not have a sense of place. This thesis presents an ethnographic account of an extra-legal camp in Southeast London, to argue that its Traveller inhabitants do have a sense of place, which is founded in the camp's environment and experientially significant sites throughout the city. The main suggestion is that the camp, its inhabitants, and their activities, along with significant parts of the city, are co-constitutionally involved in making a Travellers' sense of place. However, this is not self-contained or produced by them alone, as their place-making activities are embroiled in the political, economic and legal environment of the city. This includes the threat and implementation of eviction by a local council, the re-development of the camp's environs, and other manifestations of the spatial-temporalities of late-liberal urban regeneration. The thesis makes this argument through focusing on the ways that place is made, sensed, and lived by the camp's Traveller inhabitants. It builds on practice-based approaches to place, centred on the notion of dwelling, but also critically departs from previous uses of this notion by demonstrating that 'dwelling' can occur in an intensely politicised and insalubrious environment. Therefore, I consider dwelling in the context of the power asymmetries of place and urban precarity, as well as how it is crucial to making a home-in-the-world. Depicting a family fiercely and desperately striving to hold onto place in the time-space of the late-liberal city, a situation that affords them little promise of a future, the thesis destabilises established understandings and analysis of Travellers' experience, in a contemporary context. Chapter one considers how men's skilled activity, building materials and machinery are involved in creative acts of correspondence, which coalesce to make the camp a liveable place for its inhabitants. The central suggestion is that, through making and inhabiting the camp, it also comes to make and inhabit those involved in such activities. However, the family's ability to structure their own world, by building themselves a place to live, is contingent on a range of socio-political constraints that subject them to infrastructural violence. Chapter two turns from the camp's built environment to examine women's caregiving and home-making practices. It considers women's haptic involvements with their caravans, suggesting that these activities are not simply practices of creative homemaking but, due to the central role they play in raising families, they position women as world-formers. It also examines the ways that women's caregiving activities are intensified by the camp's insalubrious environmental conditions, and how these are involved in the unmaking of the family's matriarch. Chapter three considers the relationship between men's economic activity and the city. It draws correspondences between men's economic transactions with non-Travellers, and hunting, suggesting that each practice consists of the skilled capacity to procure resources from particular environments. Chapters four and five turn from Travellers' own place-making activities, to examine how a sense of place is produced from, and fractured by, the threat of eviction. In the first of these, I consider the role that state-administered documents, definitions and imaginaries play in shaping the spatial parameters of place for the Cashes. In the second I examine the ways that eviction, and the broader spatial-temporalities of late-liberal urban redevelopment, coalesce in the camp to produce a sense of place and time that is charged with affect and uncertainty.

Le découpage phrastique – par le point final – dépourvu de structure verbale dans le roman de La Nausée a suscité notre intérêt pour le phénomène des ruptures typographiques. Pour rendre compte de leur prédicativité, la logique syntaxique s’est avérée insuffisante. Nous avons donc envisagé le principe de l’énonciation qui a donné à ces découpages sans verbe un fondement énonciatif et sémantique. Ce travail aurait ainsi tenté de résoudre la problématique de la prédication sans verbe en s’appuyant sur l’analyse du texte et également sur des recherches historiques. / Our interest in the phenomenon of typographical disconnection was sparked by the use of final periods to organize propositions without verbal structure in the novel Nausea. Logical syntax was inadequate to accunt for their predicative value. We found that the principle of enunciation gives these sentenses a semantic and enunciative basic. This work has tried to solve the problem of verbless predication based on text analysis as well as on historical research.

En dehors des sentiers battus, sous la perspective singulière de l’« entre-deux », la présente thèse cherche précisément à comprendre le développement de la politique éducative et de l’enseignement supérieur algérien, entre autonomie et dépendance (entre-deux) relatives aux injonctions extérieures. Il est question de discuter de la manière dont l’enseignement supérieur s’est fabriqué au travers de son histoire, de discuter le poids du passé sur le présent en identifiant les influences provenant des régimes, événements et composantes venus de pays du Moyen-Orient, de la France et de la Russie, ayant, in fine, marqué la politique éducative algérienne. Une politique qui n’a pas réussi à trouver son point d’ancrage et qui est de ce fait toujours à la recherche de repères au détriment de la qualité globale de la formation en Algérie.Alors que la période coloniale est derrière nous, il existe toujours dans la société algérienne un sentiment de dépendance à l’égard de la métropole et de ses nombreuses pratiques, réminiscence d’un passé difficile à oublier. La pratique du français sur le territoire et dans le milieu enseignant (en particulier) joue en partie un rôle clé dans cet état des faits. Le passé est donc fortement ancré dans les esprits, bien qu’il existe une volonté émancipatriceforte des individus qui sont à la recherche de leurs racines et d’une modernité algérienne. Et, on constate aussi que la société algérienne est plurielle à bien des égards.Les références au passé dans le milieu de l’éducation possèdent une grande influence sur les actions menées, parfois au détriment des vérités du terrain très complexes dans le cas algérien. Cet enseignement supérieur, dans une Algérie plurielle, souffre ainsi d’un « entredeux » à la fois à l’échelle politique, institutionnelle et individuelle (ceux qui font les lois, ceux qui les mettent en place et ceux qui doivent les vivre au quotidien). Autrement dit, cestrois niveaux semblent figés entre une volonté et un besoin important d’autonomie et une dépendance qui peut être perçue comme légitime. Il y a pourtant des évolutions qui s’opèrent sur le terrain. Positives, elles marquent un tournant attendu dans le paysage éducatif algérien.Les enseignants sont effectivement en attente de formations pour à la fois améliorer la qualité globale des pratiques et garantir sur le long terme un plus grand professionnalisme. In Fine, c’est l’ensemble de la société qui bénéficierait d’un système éducatif moderne et propre aux besoins et attentes des Algériens. Sous le prisme de la formation continue et de la validation des acquis de l’expérience (VAE), deux objets de débats actuels dans la société algérienne, j’aborderai les difficultés rencontrées dans le déploiement, la gestion et l’organisation de dispositifs de formation dansle pays. Toutefois, il ne s’agit pas de traiter simplement de la formation continue des enseignants, à partir de leur témoignage (recueillis au fil de ma recherche), mais de s’en servir tels des agents sociaux et marqueurs d’une histoire exprimant le rapport entre le politique, l’institutionnel et l’individuel. Il est également question de mettre en évidence la façon dont les influences venues d’ailleurs sont mises en œuvre par ces trois niveaux.Pour ce faire, une enquête qualitativeréalisée sur la base d’entretiens semi-directifs approfondis, une approche originale utilisant le courant biographique, m’a permis de récolter des témoignages essentiels à notre compréhension du phénomène traité dans la thèse. Sans oublier l’approche quantitative, utile à la préparation de ma recherche en amont, cette enquête a été menée auprès de plus de 63 personnes issues d’horizons différents et apportant ainsi ànotre étude la profondeur nécessaire.« Entre-deux », Enseignement supérieur, politique éducative, Algérie, France, Formation continue, VAE, Temporalité. / Off the beaten track, under the singular perspective of the "in-between", the present thesis seeks precisely to understand the development of Algerian educational policy and higher education, between autonomy and dependence (in-between) relative to external injunctions. It discusses how higher education has been built through its history, discussing the weight of the past over the present by identifying influences from regimes, events and components from Middle Eastern countries, France and Russia, having, ultimately, marked the Algerian educational policy that has failed to find its anchor and is therefore always looking for benchmarks to the detriment of the overall quality of education in Algeria.While the colonial period is behind us, there is still in Algerian society a feeling of dependence on the metropolis and its many practices, reminiscent of a past difficult to forget. The practice of French on the territory and in the teaching environment (in particular) plays a key role in this state of affairs. The past is therefore firmly rooted in people's minds, although there is a strong emancipatory will of individuals who are searching for their roots and an Algerian modernity. And, we should also note that the Algerian society is plural in many ways. At the social, cultural, but also political levels, it is characterized by multiple influences, the most prominent of which are Maghrebi, Oriental and French. This plurality has made it difficult for successive regimes to position themselves singularly in many sectors of activity, often promoting inadequate projects.References to the past in the field of education have a great influence on the actions taken, sometimes to the detriment of very complex truths of the Algerian case. This higher education, in a plural Algeria, thus also suffers from an "in-between" at the political, institutional and individual levels (those who make the laws, those who put them in place and those who work with them on a daily basis). In other words, these three levels seem to be frozen between a will and an important need for autonomy and a dependence that can be perceived as legitimate.Under the prism of the continuous training and the validation of acquired experience (VAE), two objects of current debates in the Algerian society, I will tackle the difficulties met in the deployment, the management and the organization of training devices in the country. However, it is not a matter of simply dealing with the continuous training of teachers, based on their testimony (collected during my research), but using it as social agents and markers of a history expressing relationship between the political, the institutional and the individual. It is also a question of highlighting how the influences coming from elsewhere are implemented by these three levels.To do this, a qualitative survey conducted on the basis of in-depth semi-structured interviews, an original approach using the biographical current, allowed me to collect testimonies essential to our understanding of the phenomenon treated in my thesis. Not to mention the quantitative approach, useful for the preparation of my research upstream, this survey was conducted with 63 people from different backgrounds and thus bringing to our study the necessary depth."In-Between", Higher Education, Educational Policy, Algeria, France, Continuing Education, VAE, Temporality.

My work explores subculture as a form of cultural resistance to the dominant ideology. I'm concerned with the ambiguous relationship we occupy as subjects to the material produced by popular culture, and how this is digested and understood by female viewers and cultural outsiders. The specific temporality of the queer subject is a key theme in my work.

Ce travail, qui propose une lecture de l’ensemble de l’œuvre autobiographique de Beauvoir, ne vise pas l’exhaustivité. Il cherche plutôt à restituer une image plus exacte de la trajectoire, de l’évolution et des infléchissements de ce projet monumental. De nombreux écrits jusque-là ignorés ont été publiés, dans des temps récents, de façon posthume. Ces textes nouveaux contribuent à ébranler une image simplificatrice ou réductrice de Beauvoir – celle qui le plus souvent se profile, de manière exclusive, soit à travers Le Deuxième sexe, soit à travers le couple Sartre-Beauvoir, soit à travers la conversion politique. Lire de manière méthodique les écrits autobiographiques de Beauvoir, c’est tenter de comprendre comment une intellectuelle et une écrivaine se construit et se distingue. Elle prend certes le contre-pied de ses origines familiales et culturelles. Mais elle va aussi parfois à l’encontre de ses propres tropismes. Une lecture précise, chronologique, mettant en rapport les différentes strates du texte, révèle de telles contradictions. Dans ce dispositif, les Cahiers de jeunesse, récemment publiés en 2008, jouent un rôle particulier. Ils montrent comment la vie intellectuelle de Beauvoir est d’abord une vie intérieure, spirituelle, qui prend même parfois des allures mystiques. Ils montrent surtout, au départ de la vocation littéraire et philosophique, une veine introspective qui fut contrariée un temps par deux tendances antinomiques : d’une part la fascination pour le roman (genre nettement valorisé aux yeux du couple Sartre-Beauvoir) et d’autre part, l’obsession grandissante à l’égard de l’Histoire majuscule. A ces deux facteurs, il faut en rajouter un troisième : le refoulement lié à la défiance à l’égard de l’intime, nettement alimentée par le compagnonnage intellectuel avec Sartre. Dans cette perspective, il m’a paru essentiel de confronter les journaux de Beauvoir, en particulier son Journal de guerre, au texte des Mémoires, qui d’ailleurs y fait constamment référence – sans compter qu’ils intègrent parfois des fragments de journal. Il apparaît, d’une façon générale, que la relecture des journaux, œuvre de toute une vie, a été constante, qu’elle a nourri l’écriture des Mémoires, que celle-ci, conséquemment, a oscillé, selon un mouvement pendulaire, entre l’introspection et la rétrospection. Les Mémoires sont à l’évidence une reconstruction du passé comme tout récit mémorial. Ils le sont plus encore lorsqu’on songe au texte princeps qui les a précédés, et lorsqu’on prête attention à leur archéologie.L’entreprise des Mémoires se présente comme une solution de compromis à l’égard de ces pulsions contradictoires. Elle propose une combinaison originale entre l’écriture de l’intime et l’écriture de l’Histoire, l’écriture de soi et l’écriture des autres. Mais c’est l’ensemble du projet, l’ensemble des écrits autobiographiques qui met en évidence la complexité des intentions et des registres, c’est cet ensemble qui donne pleinement la mesure du projet singulier de Beauvoir.Tous les gestes d’écriture qui composent l’entreprise mémoriale sont indissolublement liés, et en même temps, ils ne se ressemblent pas tout à fait. Une telle diversité des écrits intimes et mémoriels, à la fois totalisatrice et foisonnante, pourrait contribuer à revisiter une théorie parfois un peu figée de l’autobiographie qui tend à classer des sous-genres cloisonnés en les rapportant à des critères distincts, ou en les considérant sous la catégorie générale de l’écriture de soi. / This study, which offers a reading of all the autobiographical writings of de Beauvoir, is not intended to be exhaustive. Its aim is rather to provide a more exact picture of the trajectory, the evolution and the shifting movement of her massive project. Many previously unknown writings have been published posthumously in recent times. These new texts contribute to the undermining of a simplistic and reductive image of de Beauvoir, an image drawn exclusively either from The Second Sex, from the Sartre - de Beauvoir couple, or from her political conversion.In a methodical reading of de Beauvoir’s autobiographical writings, one can attempt to grasp how a woman intellectual and writer constructs herself and marks herself off from others. She undoubtedly turns against her familial and cultural origins, but she is also capable of going against her own tropisms. A precise chronological reading that relates the different strata of the text reveals such contradictions. In such an approach, the Cahiers de jeunesse, published in 2008, play an important role. They show how de Beauvoir’s intellectual life is at first an interior, spiritual life that sometimes even has something mystical about it. Above all, at the outset of a literary and philosophic vocation, the Cahiers show an introspective vein that was for a time thwarted by two opposite tendencies: on the one hand a fascination with the novel (a genre that was highly valued in the Sartre-de Beauvoir couple), on the other hand a growing obsession with History. To these two factors a third must be added: a repression linked to a distrust of the intimate that was clearly fed by the intellectual companionship with Sartre. In this perspective, I thought it essential to confront de Beauvoir’s journals, in particular her Journal de guerre, to the text of the Mémoires, which in any case constantly refer to it and even integrate fragments from it. It would appear in a more general way that her re-reading of the journals, the work of her entire life, was constant, that it fed into the writing of the Mémoires, which as a consequence oscillate in a pendulum movement between introspection and retrospection. The Mémoires are clearly a reconstruction of the past, like all memoir narratives, but that becomes even more true when one thinks of the original text that preceded them and when their archaeology is taken into account.The Mémoires as a project are to be seen as a compromise between these contradictory urges. The enterprise provides an original combination of writing the intimate, writing History, writing the self and writing the other. However it is the project in its totality, the entire autobiographical corpus, that demonstrates the complexity of intention and register, it is this totality that makes it possible to take the measure of de Beauvoir’s singular project.All the gestures of writing that make up the memorial enterprise are indissolubly linked and at the same time different from one another. Such a diversity of intimate and memorial writing, at once systematic and multiple, may contribute to a revisiting of a somewhat rigid theory of autobiography that tends either to isolate sub-genres, classifying them by reference to distinct criteria, or else to bring everything back to the general category of writing the self.