Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a maneira como a organização social e territorial dos atores no âmbito do Fórum da Agricultura Familiar influencia no processo de gestão social do desenvolvimento territorial e a influência dos micropoderes sobre esse processo. O estudo se deu no âmbito do fórum, por representar a principal institucionalidade responsável pelo processo de gestão social do território Zona Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologicamente lançou-se mão de entrevistas semiestruturadas, formulários de pesquisa e observação participante, revelando a percepção dos atores sobre a questão de pesquisa e comparando o discurso dos mesmos com a prática observada em momentos decisórios do processo de desenvolvimento territorial. Sendo assim, confirmaram-se as hipóteses desse estudo, de que as formas de organização dos atores territoriais para operar a gestão social, assim como os micropoderes existentes no território influenciam no processo de gestão social do desenvolvimento territorial. Essa influência pode ser tanto positiva quanto negativa, conforme se constatou no território Zona Sul, que na prática se apresenta como o território do Fórum da Agricultura Familiar, exatamente porque essa institucionalidade dispõe de um poder no âmbito da política de desenvolvimento territorial, que lhe permite reduzir o campo de atuação do território à uma única categoria sociopolítica, a Agricultura Familiar. O estudo também demonstra que a estratégia de gestão social dos atores desse território sofre forte influência das políticas públicas. Porém esses atores dispõem de estratégias endógenas de gestão, que garantem a sustentabilidade desse modelo de gestão social desenvolvido no território. / This study aimed to analyze in which extent the social and territorial organization of the Family Farming Forum actors influence the social management of the territorial development and the influence of the micro powers on this process. The study was made in the Forum because it represents the main institution responsible by the process of the South Zone social management territory of Rio Grande do Sul. Methodologically, it was used semi structured interviews, research forms and participant observation, revealing the actors’ perception of the research’s matter and comparing their speeches to the practice observed in decisive moments of the territorial development process. Thereby, it was confirmed the hypotheses of this study that the way the territorial actors operate the social management, as well as the micro powers existing in the area, influence on the social management process of the territorial development. This influence can be positive or negative, as it was found in the South Zone territory, which in fact presents itself as the territory of the Family Farming Forum, due to the fact that this institution possesses an authority in the territorial development policy, which allows it to reduce the action field of the territory to a unique sociopolitical category, the Family Farming. The study also demonstrates that the social management strategy of the actors of this territory suffers a strong influence of the public policies. However, these actors have endogenous strategies of management that guarantee the sustainability of this social management pattern developed in the territory.

nÃo hà / This research highlights the advisability of adopting the Basin as a parameter for territorial planning in the semiarid region, in face of the vicissitudes of climate and regional interest to promote environmental development. It demonstrates the importance of the state since its emergence in modernity and highlights the institutionalization of power since then, contributing to the improvement of the institutional environment throughout its territory. The core idea developed is that the state is endowed with power, being responsible for disciplining of subjects of interest to the community, amongst them water or water resources, it is required to pay attention to regional differences existing Âin its territory, in particular the semiarid, and to promote government actions benefiting everyone equally without distinction. The methodology used was through a literature review of the legal framework devoted to the structure of water and / or water resources and watersheds, comparing that information with historical records around the approach to public policies carried out during periods of drought and with socioeconomic criteria guiding public policy or government policies in these geographic areas. ÂThe informations of the territories citizenship of CearÃ, as to notice the various conceptual dimensions of these geographic areas, watershed territory and citizenship. Finally, the analysis of how the dimensions of the territory of citizenship can (inter) relate to the watershed territorial unit , giving them affinities, similarities and differences aiming to a comparative study of their equivalences in promoting sustainable development, according to indexes from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. From this comparison chart, it is possible to show that the basin should be the unit for implementation of territorial planning in the semiarid. / O trabalho pÃe em evidÃncia a conveniÃncia de adotar a Bacia HidrogrÃfica como parÃmetro de planejamento territorial na regiÃo semiÃrida, ante as vicissitudes climÃticas e o interesse regional de promover o desenvolvimento socioambiental. Demonstra a importÃncia do Estado desde seu surgimento na modernidade e realÃa a institucionalizaÃÃo do Poder a partir de entÃo, contribuindo para o aperfeiÃoamento desse ambiente institucional em todo o seu territÃrio. A ideia central desenvolvida à que sendo o Estado dotado de Poder, competindo-lhe o disciplinamento dos assuntos de interesse da coletividade, dentre eles a Ãgua ou recursos hÃdricos, compete-lhe atentar para as diferenÃas regionais existentes em seu territÃrio, em particular o semiÃrido, promovendo aÃÃes governamentais que beneficiem a todos indistintamente. A metodologia utilizada se deu por meio de levantamento bibliogrÃfico sobre o Estado e o ambiente institucional brasileiro, bem como do arcabouÃo jurÃdico devotado ao regime das Ãguas ou recursos hÃdricos e bacias hidrogrÃficas, confrontando essas informaÃÃes com os registros histÃricos em torno da abordagem das polÃticas pÃblicas realizadas nos perÃodos de estiagens e com os critÃrios socioeconÃmicos orientadores dessas polÃticas ou das polÃticas de governo nesses espaÃos geogrÃficos. Tais registros demonstram que, no CearÃ, cujo territÃrio à abrangido pelo semiÃrido em quase totalidade, onde a Ãgua possui significativo valor econÃmico e social, como se observa com o Rio Jaguaribe, e seu percurso permite verificar algumas dimensÃes conceituais desses espaÃos geogrÃficos, dentre eles a territorialidade, a bacia hidrogrÃfica à ignorada como parÃmetro territorial para seu desenvolvimento socioambiental. De sorte que, sendo o Estado do Cearà localizado no semiÃrido e sazonalmente exposto Ãs estiagens, a bacia hidrogrÃfica deveria ser a unidade territorial preponderante para implementaÃÃo do planejamento territorial, conciliando o desiderato legal de ser a unidade territorial para a polÃtica de recursos hÃdricos e inter-relacionando com outras unidades administrativas

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a maneira como a organização social e territorial dos atores no âmbito do Fórum da Agricultura Familiar influencia no processo de gestão social do desenvolvimento territorial e a influência dos micropoderes sobre esse processo. O estudo se deu no âmbito do fórum, por representar a principal institucionalidade responsável pelo processo de gestão social do território Zona Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologicamente lançou-se mão de entrevistas semiestruturadas, formulários de pesquisa e observação participante, revelando a percepção dos atores sobre a questão de pesquisa e comparando o discurso dos mesmos com a prática observada em momentos decisórios do processo de desenvolvimento territorial. Sendo assim, confirmaram-se as hipóteses desse estudo, de que as formas de organização dos atores territoriais para operar a gestão social, assim como os micropoderes existentes no território influenciam no processo de gestão social do desenvolvimento territorial. Essa influência pode ser tanto positiva quanto negativa, conforme se constatou no território Zona Sul, que na prática se apresenta como o território do Fórum da Agricultura Familiar, exatamente porque essa institucionalidade dispõe de um poder no âmbito da política de desenvolvimento territorial, que lhe permite reduzir o campo de atuação do território à uma única categoria sociopolítica, a Agricultura Familiar. O estudo também demonstra que a estratégia de gestão social dos atores desse território sofre forte influência das políticas públicas. Porém esses atores dispõem de estratégias endógenas de gestão, que garantem a sustentabilidade desse modelo de gestão social desenvolvido no território. / This study aimed to analyze in which extent the social and territorial organization of the Family Farming Forum actors influence the social management of the territorial development and the influence of the micro powers on this process. The study was made in the Forum because it represents the main institution responsible by the process of the South Zone social management territory of Rio Grande do Sul. Methodologically, it was used semi structured interviews, research forms and participant observation, revealing the actors’ perception of the research’s matter and comparing their speeches to the practice observed in decisive moments of the territorial development process. Thereby, it was confirmed the hypotheses of this study that the way the territorial actors operate the social management, as well as the micro powers existing in the area, influence on the social management process of the territorial development. This influence can be positive or negative, as it was found in the South Zone territory, which in fact presents itself as the territory of the Family Farming Forum, due to the fact that this institution possesses an authority in the territorial development policy, which allows it to reduce the action field of the territory to a unique sociopolitical category, the Family Farming. The study also demonstrates that the social management strategy of the actors of this territory suffers a strong influence of the public policies. However, these actors have endogenous strategies of management that guarantee the sustainability of this social management pattern developed in the territory.

Esta tese avalia o ordenamento territorial urbano no planejamento da metrópole do Rio de Janeiro e de sua região de influência. O ordenamento territorial implica estabelecer conexões complexas e por vezes inusitadas. Envolto em numerosos conflitos políticos, o ordenamento territorial urbano carioca conjuga o impasse entre as expectativas da sociedade quanto ao acesso aos bens e serviços urbanos e o anacronismo dos instrumentos jurídicos, administrativos e normativos. A cidade do Rio de Janeiro, outrora capital federal (1834 a 1960), Estado da Guanabara (1960 a 1975) e, atualmente, capital do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (a partir de 1975), adquiriu numerosas peculiaridades no ordenamento de seu território. As dificuldades em estabelecer uma estrutura de planejamento urbano e regional, assim como as intervenções localizadas de elevado custo resultaram num espaço bastante segmentado e suscetível aos conflitos sociais e territoriais impeditivos para políticas públicas integradas em toda região metropolitana. A estruturação do espaço urbano carioca caracterizou-se por intensos conflitos oriundos da complexa estrutura interna de poderes sobrepostos; um conjunto de legislações urbanísticas excludentes, ineficazes no que se refere à justiça social; a intensa presença do governo federal em políticas locais; ineficiente estrutura organizativa e administrativa dos órgãos de planejamento do governo; distanciamento dos planos e programas da realidade dinâmica das relações sociais estabelecidas e principalmente pela descontinuidade das ações e políticas urbanas. Há que se considerar que hoje o ordenamento territorial deixou de ser apenas uma incumbência de um único representante político o intervir sobre o território. De modo conflituoso a proposta do ordenamento territorial vem se tornando um tema político importante ao se confrontar com o quadro de crise que se estabeleceu entre as formas e sistemas de governos centralizadores, nacionalistas e autoritários. O ordenamento territorial impõe reformas governamentais diante de uma realidade de novas repartições de poderes sobre o território, dos desafios lançados às administrações públicas e das mudanças do papel do governo no mundo de relações globalizadas / This thesis evaluates the urban land use in planning of the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro and its region of influence. Evaluating the spatial planning in Rio de Janeiro implies establish complex and unusual bonds. Wrapped in many political conflits, the spatial planning in the state combines the impasse between the society expectations regarding the acess to the urban goods and services and the anacronism of the legal, administrative and regulatory requirements. The city of Rio de Janeiro, once federal capital (1834 to 1960), State of Guanabara (1960 to 1975) and currently capital of the State of Rio de Janeiro (from 1975 to nowadays), acquired many singularities in spatial planning. The difficulties of establishing a structure of urban and territorial planning and the located interventions of high cost resulted in a highly segmented space and susceptible to social and territorial conflits, liable to affect integrated public policies across the whole metropolitan area. The structuring of carioca urban space was featured by a deep conflicts caused by the complex internal structure of overlapping powers; a set of ineffective and exclusionary urban legislation when it comes to social justice; strong presence of the federal government in local policies; inefficient organizational and administrative structure organs of government planning; detachment of plans and remoteness of plans and programs of the dynamic reality of social relations and especially by the discontinuity of urban policies and actions. There has to be considered that today, the land use is no longer just a task of a single political representative to speak on the territory. So the proposal of the spatial planning, in a conflicting way, is becoming an important political issue against the crisis situation that has developed between the forms and systems of centralized, nationalist and authoritarian government. The spatial planning imposes government reforms against a reality of new public offices and new challenges over the territory, of challenges posed to public administrations and to the changes of the government´s role on the world of global relationships.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Concepções de extensão e desenvolvimento na Universidade Federal de Pelotas.pdf: 1525240 bytes, checksum: 9b6e09fb340313dd7d301df23f42e3b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Tomando como ponto de partida o suposto compromisso social que alicerça a ideia de universidade pública no Brasil, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar as concepções de extensão universitária e de desenvolvimento, que atualmente predominam na Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), a partir da perspectiva dos autores dos projetos de extensão. Nesse sentido, no presente trabalho trazemos como aporte teórico as principais concepções de universidade e extensão predominantes na história da educação superior brasileira, e, de desenvolvimento voltadas para o meio rural. Além disso, para cumprir os objetivos da investigação nosso esforço metodológico foram centrados em uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, caracterizada como uma pesquisa descritivointerpretativa, e dividida em três etapas. Em maior detalhe, a primeira etapa reservamos à delimitação de campo, através da seleção dos projetos e programas de extensão universitária voltados para o meio rural cadastrados no Sistema de Extensão da Pró-Reitoria de Extensão e Cultura da UFPel no ano de 2015, totalizando 60 projetos de um montante de 582 cadastrados. A partir dos dados da primeira etapa, selecionamos um grupo por conveniência de 11 docentes, com base na aproximação dos respectivos projetos ao desenvolvimento territorial, que fizeram parte da segunda etapa de pesquisa, a qual foi caracterizada pela identificação e descrição das concepções de extensão universitária e de desenvolvimento do grupo através de entrevistas individuais com roteiro semiestruturado. Por fim, na terceira etapa, realizamos a análise e discussão das relações e implicações das concepções de extensão universitária para o desenvolvimento territorial, com apoio dos dados da etapa anterior. Os resultados indicaram que a extensão de concepção crítica mostra-se imprescindível para o desenvolvimento territorial promovido pelas universidades, haja vista, a intrínseca valorização dos saberes populares do território pela mesma. Mas, a maior parte dos docentes entrevistados da UFPel não estão próximos dessa concepção. Também, naqueles docentes mais associados à concepção crítica de extensão foi possível identificar a utilização de metodologias participativas de ensino e pesquisa, as quais indicam possíveis caminhos para efetivação do desenvolvimento territorial pelas universidades e, inclusive, a efetivação da indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. / Taking as its starting point the supposed social-commitment that underpins the idea of public university in Brazil, the objective of this study was to analyze the conceptions of university extension and conceptions of development, which currently predominate in the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), from the perspective of the authors of extension projects. In this sense, the present work brings as theoretical framework the main extension conceptions that prevailed in the history of Brazilian higher education, just like, main conceptions rural development. In addition, to meet the research objectives, our methodological efforts were focused on a qualitative approach, characterized as a descriptive-interpretive research, and divided into three stages. In more detail, in the first step was reserved for the delimitation of the field, through the selection of projects and programs extension for rural areas registered in the Extension System of the Vice-Rectory of Extension and Culture from the UFPel in 2015, totaling 60 projects of an amount of 582 registered. Based in the data from the first stage, we selected a group for convenience of 11 teachers, based on the approach of their projects for the territorial development, that were part of the second research phase, which was characterized by the identification and description of the conceptions from university extension and from development through individual interviews with semi-structured script. Finally, in the third step, we perform the analysis of the relationships and implications of university extension concepts for territorial development, with the support of the previous stage data. The results indicated that the conception of critical extension proves to be essential for territorial development promoted by universities, given the intrinsic appreciation of popular knowledge of the territory by the same. But, most of the professors respondents from UFPel are not near of that conception. Also, in those professors better associated with critical extension we were able to identify the use of participatory methods of teaching and research, what indicate possible ways of realization of territorial development by universities and even the execution of the indivisibility of teaching, research and extension.

La thèse a pour objet les relations entre gouvernements locaux (et régionaux) et intérêts économiques et leur contribution respective à la construction politique des territoires. La thèse vise à mettre au jour les mécanismes soutenant la cristallisation et la stabilisation des systèmes d’acteurs à différents niveaux territoriaux. Cette problématique est explorée à partir d’une étude comparative des stratégies territoriales de développement économique dans deux régions non-capitales, Lyon et Milan, dès la crise industrielle des années 1970 jusqu’aux processus de métropolisation économique. Ce travail démontre que la construction politique des territoires s’explique à la fois par la capacité d’action des gouvernements locaux et par la capacité de mobilisation des intérêts économiques. Il permet de déceler des différences durables entre les deux cas : ainsi dans le cas lyonnais et rhônalpin, les institutions publiques ont un rôle d’encadrement des processus de développement plus fort, alors que ce sont plutôt les intérêts économiques qui orientent les choix publics dans les cas milanais et lombard. Ces différences ont des répercussions sur les échelles de gouvernement : dans le cas français, la présence d’une institution de gouvernement puissante, en l’occurrence le gouvernement métropolitain, a contribué à fixer stablement les systèmes d’acteurs à cette échelle. En revanche, en Italie il n’est pas possible d’identifier une échelle dominante sur le temps long, en raison de la présence d’intérêts économiques multi-positionnés et de la prééminence de logiques politico-partisanes qui joue contre le renforcement des institutions publiques. / This thesis studies the relationships between local (and regional) governments and economic interests and their contribution to the political construction of territories. The thesis aims to uncover the mechanisms supporting the crystallization and stabilization of systems of actors at different territorial levels. This issue is analysed through a comparative analysis of territorial economic strategies of two non-capital regions in France and Italy, Lyon and Milan, since the industrial crisis of the 1970s to the recent process of economic metropolitanization. This work demonstrates that the political construction of territories depends both on the capacity of action of local governments and the mobilisation of economic interests. As for the types of relationships between local governments and economic interests, stable variations between the two cases stand out from the analysis: in the French case public institutions have a more directive role in the government of local economic development policies, while it is rather the economic interests that influence public action in the Italian case. These differences have implications on the scales of government: in the French case the presence of a powerful government institution, namely the metropolitan government, contributed to stably secure the systems of actors on this scale. By contrast, in Italy it is not possible to identify a dominant and stable scale along time due to the presence of powerful and multi positioned economic interests and to the domination of partisan logics over institution-building processes.

This thesis has as its central theme tourism and territorial development in the perspective of social capital, in order to analyze the extent to which obstacles to realizing the potential and the consolidation of tourism in the territory covering the Quarta Colônia, RS, Brazil, are related to the notion of social capital. The specific objectives are: to present a brief profile of some of the enterprises and entrepreneurs that cater to tourist services in order to gather information about the origin of the enterprises, the main products offered on the public that frequents such establishments and their strategies disclosure; investigate what is the vision of the actors who are involved with tourism in Cologne on Wednesday this activity in order to identify whether and how to establish forms of joint and collective action; identify recurrence or not the bonds of trust, cooperation and collective action between the actors involved in tourism in the Quarta Colônia; investigate whether and how information, communication actions and training are established and shared among the stakeholders involved with tourism in the Quarta Colônia. The theoretical framework used to aid in this understanding is based mainly on the notions: a) territorial development, b) local clusters, c) social capital and d) tourism and tourism system. As theoretical operational categories for understanding the productive organization of tourism at micro Fourth of Cologne and the formation of social capital brings up the relations of trust, cooperation and collective action, market strategies, actions, information, communication, innovation and training. The methodological approach taken to this research is the case study, with the analysis locus shaft Santa Maria Quarta Colônia/ RS/Brasil, with the time frame the last decades from 1995 (founding of the Consortium for Sustainable Development Region's Quarta Colônia). The field research, contemplating the steps of observations and a questionnaire with visitors and semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders, was held from 2010 to 2014 As a result, we verified the interactions between local actors representative of the business sector, governments municipal and third sector representatives analyzing the actions of the same with respect to operational categories previously and already put its business in the tourism system microregion. It is inferred that are fragile relations between the actors, almost non-existent collective action, we identified reports individualistic and competition between them, thus making it weak social capital in the micro being one of the obstacles to the development of tourism in the territory. / A presente tese tem como temática central o turismo e o desenvolvimento territorial na perspectiva do capital social, tendo por objetivo analisar em que medida os obstáculos que dificultam a realização do potencial e a consolidação do turismo no território que abrange a Quarta Colônia, RS, Brasil, estão relacionados à noção de capital social. Os objetivos específicos são: apresentar um breve perfil de alguns dos empreendimentos e dos empresários que atendem a oferta de serviços turísticos, a fim de levantar informações sobre a origem dos empreendimentos, os principais produtos ofertados, sobre o público que frequenta tais estabelecimentos e suas estratégias de divulgação; investigar qual é a visão dos atores que estão envolvidos com o turismo na Quarta Colônia sobre esta atividade, buscando identificar se e como estabelecem formas de articulação e ações coletivas; identificar a recorrência ou não de laços de confiança, relações de cooperação e ações coletivas estabelecidas entre os atores envolvidos com o turismo na Quarta Colônia; investigar se e como informações, ações de comunicação e de capacitação são estabelecidas e compartilhadas entre os atores envolvidos com o turismo na Quarta Colônia. O embasamento teórico utilizado para auxiliar nessa compreensão está baseado principalmente nas noções de: a) desenvolvimento territorial, b) arranjos produtivos locais, c) capital social, d) turismo e sistema turístico. Como categorias teóricas operacionais para a compreensão da organização produtiva do turismo na microrregião da Quarta Colônia e a constituição do capital social, traz-se as relações de confiança, cooperação e ação coletiva, estratégias de mercado, ações de informação, comunicação, inovação e capacitação. A opção metodológica feita para esta investigação é o Estudo de Caso, tendo como lócus de análise o eixo Santa Maria Quarta Colônia/RS/BR, tendo como recorte temporal as últimas décadas a partir do ano de 1995 (fundação do Consórcio de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Região da Quarta Colônia). A pesquisa de campo, contemplando as etapas de observações e aplicação de questionário com os visitantes e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores locais, foi realizada no período de 2010 a 2014. Como resultado, verificamos as interações entre os atores locais representativos do setor empresarial, governos municipais e representantes do terceiro setor, analisando as ações dos mesmos com relação às categorias operacionais já postas anteriormente e a sua atuação no sistema turístico da microrregião. Infere-se que são frágeis as relações entre os atores, quase inexistentes suas ações coletivas, apresentando relatos individualistas e de competição entre eles, tornando assim débil o capital social na microrregião, sendo este um dos obstáculos para o desenvolvimento do turismo no território.

La thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective générale d’analyse des dynamiques d’action publique territorialisée du développement rural dans une zone de front pionnier amazonien : le territoire « Portal da Amazônia », au Nord de l’État du Mato Grosso, au Brésil. L’étude comparative concerne deux expériences en cours : l’initiative du Ministère du Développement Agraire (MDA) via le Programme National de Développement Durable des Territoires Ruraux et les Consortium Inter-municipaux de Développement Économique et Socio-Environnemental mis en place par le gouvernement de l’État du Mato Grosso (Programme MT Régional). En quoi ces deux dispositifs d’action publique territorialisée contribuent-ils à la construction d’une dynamique de développement rural durable et de nature territoriale pour l’agriculture de cette zone ? Nous verrons, plus particulièrement, comment se construisent les nouvelles modalités de gouvernance locale mises en place dans le cadre de ces politiques publiques territorialisées de développement rural. À travers une approche combinant les apports de la géographie sociale et de la sociologie du développement, nous nous intéresserons notamment aux processus de gouvernance locale et de territorialisation mis en œuvre par ces deux dispositifs. Pour ce faire, au cours du travail de terrain, nous nous sommes attachés à observer les espaces de concertation et de négociations dans lesquels s’élaborent les projets mis en place dans le cadre de ces programmes. / The thesis fits into a general analysis of the dynamics of public territorial action of rural development in an area of ​​Amazonian pioneer front: the territory "Portal da Amazônia", North of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The comparative study involves two ongoing experiences: the initiative of the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA) through the National Program for Sustainable Development of Rural Territories and the Inter-municipal Consortium of Economic and Socio-Environmental Development implemented by the State of Mato Grosso’s government (MT Regional Programme). How these two territorial public action mechanisms contribute to build a dynamic sustainable rural development for agriculture in this area? In particular, we will see how new forms of local governance are carried out in the context of territorial public policies for rural development. Through an approach that combines the contributions of social geography and sociology of development, we focus particularly on the local governance procedures and the territorialisation processes performed by these two mechanisms. To achieve our goal, we observed during the fieldwork the areas of consultation and negotiation where the projects for each one of these programs are conceived.

5RÉSUMÉLe développement agricole et rural qu’a connu le sud tunisien, malgré la faiblesse des ressources naturelles et leur fragilité, a été obtenu grâce à des transferts publics vers les zones défavorisées. Cette situation, qui se prolonge encore malgré l’adoption d’une politique de libéralisation, s’est traduite par une amélioration des indicateurs de développement rural et par un certain progrès de la couverture des besoins de la population par la production nationale. Toutefois, cette politique a atteint ses limites écologiques, financières, économiques et sociales (Elloumi, 2006) : limites écologiques suite à une mobilisation et une utilisation excessives des ressources, encore influencée par les changements climatiques ; limites financières du fait de la nécessité d’assurer dans la durée des transferts financiers vers le monde rural et les secteurs agricoles les plus fragiles ; limites économiques et sociales du fait de la difficulté à mettre en place un développement urbain offrant une alternative à la population rurale, qui devrait quitter le secteur de l’agriculture afin de rendre plus rentables et durables les exploitations encore existantes.Comprendre et évaluer les politiques de développement est devenu opportun. L’évaluation des politiques publiques n’est intellectuellement pas dissociable de leur analyse. Elle joue un rôle complémentaire pour comprendre les résultats, redéfinir les objectifs et améliorer ces politiques. Elle constitue ou devrait constituer la phase terminale du long processus d’élaboration et de mise en oeuvre d’une politique publique.Ce travail de thèse consiste en une évaluation des différents projets de développement rural menés dans le bassin versant d’Oued Oum Zessar. L’analyse des différentes expériences de développement, est accompagnée par une évaluation de la stratégie de conservation des eaux et des sols. Deux outils méthodologiques complémentaires ont été appliqués : la méthode FOPIA et la méthode d’Analyse multicritères. / 6Impact of public policy development on the functioning and sustainability of activity systems: The case of watershed Oum Zessar, Southeast Tunisian, MédenineABSTRACTDespite the lack of natural resources and their fragility in the south of Tunisia, agricultural and rural development was obtained through public transfers to disadvantaged areas. Permanent public transfers, which still continues despite the adoption of liberalization policy, has improved rural development indicators and insured satisfactory coverage of population needs through national production.However, this policy has reached its economic, social, ecological and financial limits (Elloumi 2006): economic and social limitations are caused by the difficulty to implement an urban development policy that constitute an alternative to the rural population, which should leave the agricultural sector to make the still existing farms more profitable and sustainable; ecological limits are due to the excessive use of naturals resources in fact influenced by climate change; financial limits are due to the pressure excreted by the need to ensure long-term financial transfers to the rural population and the vulnerable agricultural sectors.Understanding and evaluating development policies has become a necessity. In fact, the analysis and evaluation of public policies are intellectually interconnected. They play a complementary role to understand the results, redefine objectives and finally to improve the policies. Analysis and evaluation should be the final steps of the long process of development and implementation of public policy.The objective of this thesis is to evaluate a various rural development projects implemented in the Oum Zessar watershed. The analysis of the different development experiences is accompanied by an assessment of the water and soil conservation strategy. Two complementary methodological tools were used; the Framework of Participatory Impact Assessment (FOPIA) method and Multi criteria Analysis (MCA) method.

La population mondiale devenant de plus en plus hydrophile, les territoires littoraux se sont organisés pour répondre à cette nouvelle demande. Dans cette dynamique, les sports côtiers n'ont cessé de se massifier et de se diversifier pour toucher aujourd'hui une large frange de la population. La Réunion, île de l'océan Indien, a elle aussi participé à ce mouvement, mais alors que l'évolution de la maritimité entre tradition et modernité semble s'opérer dans de nombreux endroits du globe, la côte ouest de La Réunion pourtant pleine d'atouts, ne semble pas réussir à transformer sa ressource initiale en ressource territoriale. Notre travail se propose d'étudier d'un point de vue sociogéographique le lien entre un territoire, la côte Ouest de La Réunion, et son littoral afin d'analyser les freins à l'émergence d'une nouvelle maritimité au sein de cet espace. Nos résultats montrent que contrairement à l'image véhiculée, La Réunion et particulièrement sa côte Ouest est un lieu propice à la pratique des sports côtiers. En dépit de ce contexte géographique favorable, l'absence d'aménagements et d'événements capables de structurer ce développement, associée à la prégnance des représentations qui véhiculent l'image d'une population « tournant le dos à la mer », apparaissent comme des facteurs limitants. Les différents acteurs concernés ont une part de responsabilité et notamment les acteurs politiques qui ne jouent pas vraiment leur rôle en ne portant pas un véritable projet territorial orienté sur les sports côtiers. Reste, que le changement de maritimité est à l'œuvre sur ce littoral. La Réunion construit son propre modèle. L'usage de l'espace côtier évolue, déborde de ses usages classiques, l'évènementiel se développe porté par l'essor du Stand Up Paddle et les contours de nouveaux aménagements se dessinent. Sur une planche ou dans le sable, la nouvelle génération se réapproprie le littoral en intégrant les influences extérieures. / As the world population gets more and more water loving, the coast territories have been organized in order to answer this new request. In this dynamic, coast sports have been constantly expanding massively and in various forms to concern a larger portion of the population today . Reunion Island –in the Indian Ocean- has also taken part in this move. Yet, while the evolution of maritimity between tradition and modernity seems to be taking place in many places all around the world, the West coast of Reunion Island –although full of assets- seems unable to transform its initial resource in a territorial resource. Our work suggests studying the link between a territory –the West coast of Reunion Island- and its coast from a sociogeographic point of view in order to analyze the brakes to the apparition of a new maritimity within this space.Our results show that contrary to the conveyed picture, Reunion island and particularly its West coast is the right place to practice coast sports. In spite of the favorable geographic context, the absence of developments and events able to structure this expansion, together with the domination of the representations conveying the picture of a population “with their backs to the sea” seem to be limiting factors. The different actors concerned are partly responsible and particularly the political actors who do not play their parts as they do not carry a real territory project aimed at coast sports.It remains that the change of maritimity is at work on this coast. Reunion island is building its own model. The use of the coast space is evolving, growing out of its usual uses, the organization of events is developing encouraged by the expansion of Stand Up Paddle and the outlines of new developments are being drawn. On a board or in the sand, the new generation is taking over the coast integrating outside influences.