In 1772 French navigator Alesno de Saint-Aloüarn, visited the western coast of the Australian continent, and claimed it for France. Some French authorities and later French navigators believed that Saint-Aloüarn’s claim was valid under prescriptive law, yet this law is only valid if the land claimed is settled within a time frame of thirty years. However, France did not intend to either lay claim to, or establish a colony in western Australia during later voyages of exploration conducted in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, especially as in 1778 Captain Cook had taken possession of the east coast of Australia which was fortified by the British Navy. While this thesis does not dispute Saint-Aloüarn’s claim, a long succession of writing developed from a British perspective has located rivalry and fear of French colonial ambitions as the cause for British occupation of western Australia. French, Dutch and British voyages to the west coast of Australia have been canvassed, drawing upon both contemporary accounts and twentieth century interpretations of the aims and motives of the respective governments. This thesis investigates three factors considered to have significantly influenced the motivation for and preparation of relevant French and British voyages of exploration covering the period 1772 to 1829. / Differences between concepts held by both nations, such as spatiality and territoriality, the value of science, together with the fact that Britain and France operated under two quite distinct legal systems in regard to territorial claim, form the basis for arguing against past historical understandings. It is argued that while the primary aim of British exploration was to establish colonies to satisfy economic and defence requirements, as well as expansion of the empire, French voyages of exploration undertaken to the west of the Australian continent after 1778 were for scientific purposes. By adding knowledge of a largely unknown part of the continent to the world at large, the French hoped to restore national pride after their humiliating loss at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, which effectively ended the Napoleonic Wars. The corollary is that the rivalry factor, often put forward by historians as the reason for British annexation of Western Australia in 1829, is shown to be of little value against the other three factors.

This thesis examines the link between landscape and identity among the Sami in HandölsdalensSame village (sameby), one of the 51 administrative units that regulate traditional resourceuse in Sami areas in Sweden. Handölsdalen is situated in the Åre area in the southernpart of the Swedish mountain range. By tradition, the area is inhabited by South Sami, butother Sami groups have migrated into the area, partly as a result of government re-localizationpolicies. The study focuses on the period from around 1900 to the present. Thus study concentrateson the role of landscape in processes of identity formation, relating these processes alsoto various external influences, such as government policies concerning Sami culture and landuse, as well as the general modernization of society. Focusing on landscape and territoriality,the thesis traces the ways in which the Sami respond to, and perceive, the forces of change.The study is based on interviews with Sami who have access to the Sami village, on fieldobservations, as well as on a survey of literature and documents related to the area’s history.Thus, the study is an attempt to approach processes of identity formation from, as it were, theperspective of local Sami as well as the state. The thesis demonstrates, firstly, that the landscapeis an important part of Sami identity, on the individual and collective level. This landscape-based identity is affected, however, by state policies and what many Sami perceive asencroachments by the non-Sami society, as well as the modernization ways of life. Secondly,the thesis demonstrates that there are differences concerning the relationship between landscapeand identity. The dividing line seems to run between Sami who practice reindeerherdingand those who do not, but also between South and North Sami. / Forskarskolan i Geografi

The primary purpose of the study is to explore the connections between residents' perception of safety and their crime experience, and the existence of gates and fences in multi-family housing communities in urban areas. For cultivating discussions regarding the connections between gated community territory, safety, and crime experience, this study classifies apartment communities according to the conditions of their gating and fencing: gated communities, perceived gated communities, and non-gated communities. It investigates residents' perceptions of safety and their opinions and managers' opinions on gated territory and safety. The major findings from the surveys are: Residents felt safer in gated communities than in non-gated communities. Residents' perceptions of safety in perceived gated communities were similar to those in gated communities. These results reflected the territoriality issue for improving residents' perceived safety in apartment communities. Residents' perceptions of safety in architectural spaces showed that residents' fear of crime in public and semi-public spaces must first be addressed in order to ease residents' fear of crime in an apartment territory. The reality of crime in apartment communities differed from residents' perceptions of safety. Gated community residents reported a higher crime rate than nongated community residents. In addition to gates and fences that define apartment territory, such elements as patrol services, bright lighting, direct emergency buttons, and visual access to the local police were indicated as the important factors for improving residents' perceived safety. Some architectural factors and demographic factors exhibited statistical correlations with residents' perceptions of safety. Those were types of communities, dwelling floor level, educational attainment, family size, and annual income. For predicting residents' perceptions of safety in their apartment territory, multiple regression models were obtained and residents' neighborhood attachment was also considered in the multiple regression models. The apartment community managers emphasized direct maintenance issues and residents' social contact with neighbors for improving residents' perceived safety. In conclusion, design and managerial suggestions for safer communities were proposed. For creating safer multi-family housing communities, territoriality and related architectural conditions and managerial considerations and residents' participations are emphasized. The concept of community programming for safer multi-family housing communities is suggested.

Over the past five decades, populations of the Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea) have declined precipitously and the response of populations to silviculture has been identified as a high-priority research need. This species was studied in nine forest management units in Southern Indiana following a harvest that took place in 2008. Males were detected, territories were demarcated, and male age-class was determined to identify settlement patterns. Vegetation was measured in all territories and associated random non-use sites. Data analyzed in ArcMap (ArcGIS 10) show that Cerulean Warbler territory size was smallest and density was highest in even-aged units. Territories contained a greater number of small woody species than non-use sites but no vegetative differences existed between male age-classes. Instead, males appeared to select areas by relying on social cues from experienced neighbors. It is possible that “social attraction” management techniques could influence male Cerulean Warbler settlement patterns, providing a valuable tool for the conservation of this species. / Forest management effects on cerulean warbler territory size in southern Indiana -- Conspecific social cues strongly influence cerulean warbler male settlement patterns in a managed forest. / Department of Biology

Ecological divergence between Blackcaps and Garden Warblers appears to be incomplete. They resemble each other closely in morphology and their foraging behaviour and food (in the breeding season) are at least broadly similar. Nevertheless, they are sympatric and occur together in a wide range of habitats although Garden Warblers are proportionately commoner in lower, denser vegetation. The two species are strongly interspecifically territorial where they occur together. However, Blackcaps are more interspecifically aggressive than Garden Warblers and are clearly dominant to them in interactions. Blackcaps respond just as strongly to playback of Garden Warbler song as they do to that of Blackcap song. They sometimes intrude into Garden Warbler territories and seek- out and chase the territory holders. In contrast, with rare exceptions, any Garden Warblers which intrude into Blackcap territories are attacked and chased until they leave the area. Also, during song playback experiments, Garden Warblers approach the loudspeaker less closely in response to Blackcap song than they do to Garden Warbler song. Many Blackcaps arrive on the breeding grounds before the earliest Garden Warblers do. A removal experiment, in which such established Blackcaps were systematically removed, showed that some of them had been keeping-out potential Garden Warbler settlers, since the latter then readily established territories and bred in a large part of the Blackcap-free zone. Normally, Garden Warblers have their territories outside Blackcat>-occupied habitat, partly because they are prevented by the aggressiveness of the Blackcaps from settling elsewhere. However, observation and song playback experiments have shown that, once established, Garden Warblers do defend their territories against both conspecifics and Blackcaps. Blackcaps have recently increased dramatically in Britain and Garden Warblers have decreased simultaneously. However, although Blackcaps can limit the local breeding densities of Garden Warblers in any one year, it is not yet clear whether Blackcap numbers are a significant factor in determining the total sizes of Garden Warbler populations.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 314-349). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

A presente pesquisa busca compreender o processo de territorialização e a territorialidade existente nos assentamentos da Reforma Agrária do município de Santana do Livramento, situado na Campanha Gaúcha, extremo sul do Brasil, fronteira com o Uruguai. O município conta com 31 assentamentos e cerca de mil famílias assentadas sobre 26 mil hectares de terras. Observamos o processo de territorialização como um evento de grandes proporções (SANTOS, 1996), que agrega mudanças às regiões onde ocorre, transformando o uso da terra e as relações sociais nesses lugares. A pesquisa se apóia na utilização de uma série de representações para estudar os assentamentos em escalas diferentes, tais como cartografia, fotografia e o registro audiovisual. A opção por utilizar os vários procedimentos relaciona-se com a natureza dos processos em observação, quais sejam, a materialização dos processos produtivos nos assentamentos, as técnicas utilizadas e as relações sociais envolvidas. Partimos da compreensão do território como manifestação complexa multidimensional, implicando necessariamente em uma relação entre material e imaterial (SAQUET, 2007). A territorialidade, assim, pode ser compreendida como produto de uma relação entre pessoas e espaço, uma articulação, que supõe uma interação dinâmica entre forma, ação e representação (HEIDRICH, 2010). O conceito base é o de espaço geográfico (SANTOS, 2008), ao qual o assentamento e suas pessoas, como subsistemas estão articulados. Procuramos assim reconhecer, de modo sobreposto, o uso da terra, as formas de organização social ali encontradas e as relações com o meio no qual os assentamentos se inserem. A análise é balizada por duas hipóteses. A primeira sugere que o meio no qual os assentamentos se inserem, por ser dotado de infraestrutura de produção e de distribuição já estabelecida, condiciona os projetos produtivos lá desenvolvidos a seguirem as linhas de produção já estabelecidas na região. A segunda hipótese sugere que, apesar desses condicionamentos vindos do meio, muitas famílias assentadas executam projetos produtivos autônomos, gerando novas relações, novos mercados e, em última instância, desde o ponto de vista da territorialidade, novos arranjos espaciais. Essa segunda hipótese, de superação dos condicionantes do meio, apóia-se no conceito de evento, tomado de Santos (1996). Observa-se que na condição precária de assistência por parte do Estado, e diante da necessidade de reproduzir a existência no novo lugar, inúmeras relações espontâneas se estabelecem nos assentamentos, em boa parte, classificadas sob o genérico nome de parcerias. O assentamento é assim observado como um lugar onde intensos processos auto-organizativos se manifestam, e onde esses processos produzem uma expressiva estratificação social dentro do próprio assentamento. / This study seeks to comprehend the territorialization process and the territorialities in agrarian reform settlements situated in the municipality of Santana do Livramento, extreme south of Brazil, bordering Uruguay. The municipality has 31 settlements that occupy 26 thousand hectares with around one thousand settled families. We observe the process of territorialization as an event of large proportions that brings changes to the regions where it is carried out, transforming land use and social relations in the regions where it is carried out. The research methodology comprises a series of representations to study the settlements in different scales, such as cartography, photography and audiovisual recording. The option for utilizing such procedures is due to the nature of the processes in observation, such as the materialization of the productive processes in the settlements, the techniques utilized and the social relations involved. We part from the idea of territory as a complex multidimensional manifestation, that implicates necessarily in a relation between the material and the imateiral (SAQUET, 2007). Territoriality, thus, can be comprehended as product of a relation between people and space, an articulation that supposes a dynamic interaction between form, action and representation (HEIDRICH, 2010). The base concept is geographic space (SANTOS, 2008), to which the settlement and its people, as subsystems are articulated to. We seek to acknowledge, in a superposed manner, land use, social organization forms and the relations with the context where the settlements are put. The analysis is surveyed by two hypothesis. The first suggests that the medium in which the settlements are put, as is endowed with the infrastructure for production and distribution, conditions the productive projects in the settlements to follow those already established in the region. The second hypothesis suggests that, despite this conditioning, many settled families execute autonomous productive projects, that generate new social relations, new markets and, from the point of view of territoriality, new spatial arrangements. This second hypothesis, bases itself on the idea of event (SANTOS, 1996). We observe that in the precarious conditions of assistance by the State, and due to the necessity of reproducing the family life in the new place, many spontaneous relationships take part in the settlements, generically named partnerships. The settlement is so observed as a place where intense auto-organized processes manifest, and where these processes produce an expressive social stratification inside the perimeter of the settlement.

Submitted by M?rden L?les (marden.inacio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T18:30:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Renata_Cristina_ Santos.pdf: 1107260 bytes, checksum: 098ce1413bbc49e2ab18238d893b6438 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T11:53:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Renata_Cristina_ Santos.pdf: 1107260 bytes, checksum: 098ce1413bbc49e2ab18238d893b6438 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T11:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Renata_Cristina_ Santos.pdf: 1107260 bytes, checksum: 098ce1413bbc49e2ab18238d893b6438 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O objetivo deste trabalho ? compreender o processo de desterritorializa??o e reterritorializa??o de ?atingidos? pela instala??o da hidrel?trica de Irap? localizada no rio Jequitinhonha. A instala??o de uma obra de grande porte, como a Irap?, considerada uma das maiores hidrel?tricas do Brasil, ocupa uma ?rea de grande propor??o e promoveu o deslocamento de muitas fam?lias, a maioria composta por camponeses. Dessa forma, muitas pessoas foram realocadas em outros lugares. Procura-se, ent?o, analisar como os ?atingidos? pela Irap? e reassentados no Alto Jequitinhonha estabelecem novas rela??es com o territ?rio e recriam um sentido de pertencimento nesse territ?rio. Essa an?lise ?, assim, direcionada ?s a??es e pr?ticas criadas pelos reassentados no novo lugar em que se encontram. As conclus?es referentes a este trabalham revelam que ocorreram mudan?as nos modos de vida dos atingidos, provocadas pela instala??o da hidrel?trica e que, os processos socioculturais dos reassentados n?o ser?o novamente reproduzidos no atual territ?rio em que se encontram. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Humanas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to understand the process of deterritorialization and reterritorialization of "affected" by the hydroelectric installation Irap? located in the Jequitinhonha River. The installation of a large-scale works such as Irap?, considered one of the largest hydroelectric dams in Brazil, covers an area of great proportion and promoted the displacement of many families, mostly composed of peasants. Thus, many people were relocated elsewhere. Wanted then how to analyze the "hit" by Irap? and resettled in Alto Jequitinhonha establish new relations with the territory and recreate a sense of belonging in that territory. This analysis is thus directed to the actions and practices created by resettled in the new place they are in. The findings of this work show that changes occurred in the affected livelihoods caused by the installation of the dam and that the sociocultural processes of resettled will not be played again in the current territory in which they are.

[pt] O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o papel desempenhado pelas religiões de matriz africana na construção da identidade racial de mulheres negras. Ele tem como locus de análise a Comunidade Terreiro Ilè Ase Iyemonja Omi Olodo, localizada em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Os conceitos território e territorialidade são discutidos e apropriados, dada a sua importância para a construção da identidade negra. Os movimentos de resistência negra no Brasil são aqui tratados no marco da globalização. Nosso objetivo é o de contribuir para a construção do conceito identidade negra positiva, uma meta de diversas expressões dos movimentos de resistência e afirmação da população negra. Entendemos que o tema, tomado pelo Serviço Social, se constitui em desafio e oportunidade para a atuação desse profissional. Abordamos o caminho percorrido pela mulher negra na construção de sua cidadania, enquanto novo sujeito de direitos nos marcos do texto Constitucional de 1988. Considerando a mudança de tendência nas políticas sociais e, conseqüentemente, na construção da cidadania, discutimos também a relação das mulheres negras com as políticas públicas brasileiras. São apresentados aspectos importantes na construção do Batuque no Rio Grande do Sul, com destaque para a centralidade das mulheres nessa religião. O trabalho realizado no campo de pesquisa aponta para a relevância da religião de matriz africana na construção do novo sujeito social mulher negra e para a importância que as políticas públicas têm para a construção da cidadania das mulheres negras. / [en] The present work deals with the role played by the religions of African ancestrality in the construction of black women racial identity. The field work was based on the Comunidade Terreiro Ilè Ase Iyemonja Omi Olodo, located in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Estate. The concepts territory and territoriality were discussed to be used as references due to their importance to the construction of black identity. The Brazilian black resistance movements are analysed within the globalization historical frame. Our goal is to contribute to the construction of the concept black positive identity, an idea sustained by many representations of resistance and affirmation movements of the black population. We believe that this theme, if taken by the Social Work area, will serve as a challenge and an opportunity for Social Workers. This work describes the road taken by Black woman towards the construction of her citizenship as a new subject of Rights in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. Taking in consideration the recent trend changes of the Social Policies and, as a consequence, in the construction of citizenship, we discuss the relationship between black women and Brazilian Public Policies. Furthermore, we present some important aspects of the construction of the Batuque in Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis on the centrality of women in that religion. The results of the field work sustains the relevance of the religions of African ancestrality for the construction of the new social subjetc black woman and the importance of Public Policies to the construction of black women citizenship.