QC 20100614

QC 20100614

Orientador: Roberto Alcarria do Nascimento / Banca: Jorge Luiz Antônio / Banca: José Carlos Plácido da Silva / Resumo: Esta pesquisa propõe o fomento do design no departamento de arte editorial capacitando profissionais a equacionar e aplicar, com objetividade, os valores simbólicos da comunicação visual na configuração do jornal impresso. O conhecimento da tecnologia e da representação gráfica envolvidos no processo de produção da notícia na página permite ao designer a manipulaçao consciente e direta de elementos, entre textos e imagens, para garantir o sucesso da informação transmitida com a harmonia entre verbal e visual no produto impresso. Com o surgimento da imprensa e do jornal, a sociedade evoluiu para o acúmulo do conhecimento e se tornou possível o retrato do dia-a-dia das cidades em forma de notícia. Hoje o jornal representa um complexo editorial, que através de gerações se fortaleceu como um grande agente cultural, capaz de levar a informação aos leitores, dividida em assuntos específicos e cadernos temáticos, de maneira veloz e hamoniosa com o design da página. As constantes transformações e adaptações sofridas pelos periódicos diários, nos parques gráficos e no sentido morfológico do produto impresso, mostram o verdadeiro esforço das corporações jornalísticas para que o jornal continue a existir e continuar, ainda por muitos anos, ser o maior veículo a expressar o quotidiano social, político, econômico e cultural com maior credibilidade e aceito pelo usuário da informação. O objetivo desta reflexão é fomentar o design enquanto área de conhecimento e sua importância para o desenvolvimento e configuração do produto editorial. A investigação histórica da revolução gráfica e das influências estéticas que marcaram o design de página e a imprensa brasileira é importante para o entendimento da evolução do jornal no processo de comunicação contemporâneo. A observação e a... ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This piece of work proposes the fomentation of the design in the editorial arts department, making professionals more capable to apply and equate, objectively, the symbolic values of the visual communication on the configuration of the daily paper. The knowledge of the technology and of the graphical representation involved in the production process of the news on the page allows to the designer the aware and direct manipulation of elements, between texts and images, to guarantee the success of the aired information with harmony between the oral and visual printed product. With the appearance of the printing press, the society evolved into the accumulation of knowledge and the description of the everyday-life became possible. Nowadays, the newspaper represents a complex editorial which, through generations, has become stronger, as a great cultural agent, able to take information to the readers, divided into specific and theme subjects, in a very fast and harmonious way with the page design. The constant changes and adaptations suffered by the daily newspaper, in the graphical industry and in the morphological sense of the printed product,, show the true effort of the news corporations for the papers to continue to exist and continue to be the biggest way of communication to express the social, political, economical and cultural quotidian with more reliability and be accept by the user of the information. The objective of this reflection is to foment the design while knowledge area and its importance to the development and configuration of the editorial product. A historical investigation of the graphical revolution and of the esthetic influences which determined the page design and Brazilian press in the 20th century is important for the understanding of the newspaper evolution in the contemporaneous communication process. The observation... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

<p>This thesis examines how IT and the digitization of information have transformed processes of the graphic industry. The aim is to show how critical production processes have changed when information in these processes have been digitized. Furthermore it considers if this has influenced changes in productivity while also identifying other significant benefits that have occurred as a result of the digitization. The debate concerning the productivity paradox is one important starting point for the thesis. Previous research on this phenomenon has mainly used different types of statistical databases as empirical sources. In this thesis though, the graphic industry is instead studied from a mainly qualitative and historical process perspective.</p><p>The empirical study shows that digitization of information flows in the graphic industry began in the 1970s, but the start of the development and use of digitized information happened in the early 1980s. Today almost all types of materials in the industry, for example text and pictures, have developed into a digital form and the information flows are hereby more or less totally digitized. A common demand in the industry is that information produced should be adaptable to the different channels in which it may be presented. The consequences from use of IT and the digitization of information flows are identified in this thesis as different outcomes, effects, and benefits. The outcomes are identified directly from the empirical material, whilst the resulting effects are generated based on theories about IT and business value. The benefits are in turn generated from a summarization of the identified effects.</p><p>Identified effects caused by IT and digitization of information include integration and merging of processes; vanishing professions; reduced number of operators involved; decreased production time; increased production capacity; increased amount and quality of communication; and increased quality in produced originals. One conclusion drawn from the analysis is that investments and use of IT have positively influenced changes in productivity. The conclusion is based on the appearance of different automational effects, which in turn have had a positive influence on factors that may be a part of a productivity index. In addition to productivity other benefits, based on mainly informational effects, are identified. These benefits include increased capacity to handle and produce information, increased integration of customers in the production processes, increased physical quality in produced products, and options for management improvements in the production processes. The conclusions indicate that it is not always the most obvious benefit, such as productivity, that is of greatest significance when IT is implemented in an industry.</p> / ISRN/Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2005:38

This thesis examines how IT and the digitization of information have transformed the Swedish graphic industry. The debate concerning the productivity paradox, i.e. if investments in IT contribute to productivity growth, is one important starting point for the thesis. Previous research on this phenomenon has mainly used different types of statistical databases as empirical sources. In this thesis though, the graphic industry is instead studied from a mainly qualitative and historical process perspective. The empirical study is focused on describing the development of internal critical production processes in the graphic industry and its external markets. The aim is to show how innovations based upon IT have influenced the transformation of the Swedish graphic industry and if this has led to changes in productivity. Furthermore, to identify other significant effects and changes in the graphic industry’s markets that also has occurred as a result of the introduction of IT innovations. The process study shows that digitization of information flows in the graphic industry began in the 1970s, but the start of the development and use of digitized information happened in the early 1980s. Today almost all types of materials in the industry, for example text and pictures, have developed into a digital form and the information flows are hereby more or less totally digitized. The consequences from use of IT in production processes are identified here as different outcomes and effects. One conclusion drawn from the analysis is that investments and use of IT have positively influenced changes in productivity. The conclusion is based on the appearance of different automational effects, which in turn have had a positive influence on factors that may be a part of a productivity index. In addition to productivity, other mainly informational effects are also identified. These effects include increased capacity to handle and produce information, increased integration of customers in the production processes, increased physical quality in produced products, and options for management improvements in the production processes. The appearance of such effects indicates that it is not always the most obvious ones, such as productivity, that is of greatest significance when IT is implemented in the processes of an industry. Also the part of the study using an external perspective shows that IT innovations have had great influence on the graphic industry’s markets. The transformation of markets is analyzed through the use of the Innovation influence model, which is grounded in the Technological systems and Development blocks concepts. It shows that suppliers to graphic companies have played an important role in the IT innovation development process and they have thereby contributed to the ongoing transformation of the industry. Furthermore, IT innovations have been an important tool for graphic companies to handle different structural tensions they have experienced. The innovations introduced have thereby contributed to the development of new products, distribution channels, and markets. At the same time different products have disappeared and old markets contracted. These progresses have also been a result f the digitization of society. Altogether, this development has resulted in a transformation pressure that has come to greatly influence the industry. Because of this there today exist fewer but larger graphic and suppliers companies. Altogether the study shows that if a productivity paradox existed in the graphic industry, it is today to be considered as resolved. The pace in which the transformation of the industry, caused by IT innovations, has occurred has been extraordinary compared to previous developments. IT has become an unconditional part of the industry and society. Therefore it is of great importance to include several perspectives, e.g., internal process perspectives as well as external market perspectives, when discussing the value that might be derived from IT investments.

Automatisierung und Standardisierung prägten in den letzten Dekaden die Entwicklung in allen maßgeblichen Industriezweigen. Den Anforderungen dieser Entwicklung muss sich auch die grafische Industrie stellen. Vielfältige Initiativen reflektieren diesen Prozess, allen voran die Durchsetzung der Anforderungen einer standardisierten Produktion nach ISO 12647 und die Entwicklung und Einführung des branchenweit einheitlichen Kommunikationsstandards für Produkt- und Prozessbeschreibungen in der grafischen Industrie, dem Job Definition Format (JDF). Eine maßgebliche Voraussetzung für die Automatisierung von Fertigungsprozessen ist eine eindeutige und technisch-abstrakte Beschreibung der Einzelprozesse, aus denen letztendlich die Prozessketten gebildet werden. Allerdings ist zu beobachten, dass die Entwicklung der Standards und Empfehlungen stark praxisorientiert, d.h. nach einer Bottom-Up-Methodik, erfolgt. Damit fließen zwar viele praktische Erfahrungen in die Standards ein, die Abstraktion erreicht aber nicht den Grad, der eine eindeutige Vorhersage über eine zumindest effektive Umsetzung eines Automatisierungsvorhabens zulässt. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert einen Ansatz, der es ermöglicht, die technologischen Hauptprozesse der grafischen Industrie auf eine abstrakt-mathematische Weise beschreiben zu können. Damit soll es möglich sein, Prozessketten über die relevanten Parameter so genau zu definieren, dass eine Effektivitätsaussage möglich ist. / During the last decades both automation and standardisation have had great impact to the development in all industries. The Graphic Industry must become able to meet these demands, too. Diverse initiatives are reflecting this process, mainly the implementation of the requirements of standardised production methods according to ISO 12647 as well as the development und introduction of the industry-wide communication standard for the description of products and processes in the Grapic Industry, known as the Job Definiton Format (JDF). One of the main conditions for the automation of production processes is the unambiguous and technical-abstract description of the single processes forming the process chain. However, it can be recognised that the development of both standards and recommendations are carried out in a practice-oriented way, i.e. using mainly bottom-up methods. Therefore on the one hand practical knowledge is introduced to the standards but, on the other hand, the degree of abstraction becomes not good enough for a clear prediction of the efficiency of the effects of the automation of a production process. The paper provides a basic approach for the description of the main technological processes of the Graphic Industry using abstract mathematical methods. Using this method it should be possible to describe process chains by the relevant parameters so that predictions about effectivity can be made.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_mj_me_bauru.pdf: 1237521 bytes, checksum: 2e6ac5467224c13291132298ce657d61 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa propõe o fomento do design no departamento de arte editorial capacitando profissionais a equacionar e aplicar, com objetividade, os valores simbólicos da comunicação visual na configuração do jornal impresso. O conhecimento da tecnologia e da representação gráfica envolvidos no processo de produção da notícia na página permite ao designer a manipulaçao consciente e direta de elementos, entre textos e imagens, para garantir o sucesso da informação transmitida com a harmonia entre verbal e visual no produto impresso. Com o surgimento da imprensa e do jornal, a sociedade evoluiu para o acúmulo do conhecimento e se tornou possível o retrato do dia-a-dia das cidades em forma de notícia. Hoje o jornal representa um complexo editorial, que através de gerações se fortaleceu como um grande agente cultural, capaz de levar a informação aos leitores, dividida em assuntos específicos e cadernos temáticos, de maneira veloz e hamoniosa com o design da página. As constantes transformações e adaptações sofridas pelos periódicos diários, nos parques gráficos e no sentido morfológico do produto impresso, mostram o verdadeiro esforço das corporações jornalísticas para que o jornal continue a existir e continuar, ainda por muitos anos, ser o maior veículo a expressar o quotidiano social, político, econômico e cultural com maior credibilidade e aceito pelo usuário da informação. O objetivo desta reflexão é fomentar o design enquanto área de conhecimento e sua importância para o desenvolvimento e configuração do produto editorial. A investigação histórica da revolução gráfica e das influências estéticas que marcaram o design de página e a imprensa brasileira é importante para o entendimento da evolução do jornal no processo de comunicação contemporâneo. A observação e a...... / This piece of work proposes the fomentation of the design in the editorial arts department, making professionals more capable to apply and equate, objectively, the symbolic values of the visual communication on the configuration of the daily paper. The knowledge of the technology and of the graphical representation involved in the production process of the news on the page allows to the designer the aware and direct manipulation of elements, between texts and images, to guarantee the success of the aired information with harmony between the oral and visual printed product. With the appearance of the printing press, the society evolved into the accumulation of knowledge and the description of the everyday-life became possible. Nowadays, the newspaper represents a complex editorial which, through generations, has become stronger, as a great cultural agent, able to take information to the readers, divided into specific and theme subjects, in a very fast and harmonious way with the page design. The constant changes and adaptations suffered by the daily newspaper, in the graphical industry and in the morphological sense of the printed product,, show the true effort of the news corporations for the papers to continue to exist and continue to be the biggest way of communication to express the social, political, economical and cultural quotidian with more reliability and be accept by the user of the information. The objective of this reflection is to foment the design while knowledge area and its importance to the development and configuration of the editorial product. A historical investigation of the graphical revolution and of the esthetic influences which determined the page design and Brazilian press in the 20th century is important for the understanding of the newspaper evolution in the contemporaneous communication process. The observation... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

[pt] Esta dissertação analisa as transições de usos pelas quais passaram as técnicas de reprodução de imagens. São identificadas as diferentes roupagens funcionais assumidas por tais fazeres e, dentre elas, privilegiadas as abordagens especificamente artísticas: aquelas que se valem de técnicas que perderam sua utilização funcional e aquelas que se apropriam de técnicas até então marcadas estritamente por esta funcionalidade. Nesse contexto, é então estudada a atuação da Lithos Edições de Arte, oficina gráfica fundada em 1973, no Rio de Janeiro. Ao longo de 35 anos, a Lithos vem trabalhando junto a importantes nomes das artes brasileiras, oferecendo-os a possibilidade de realizar trabalhos em série em serigrafia e litografia. Desde 2005, esta oficina realiza uma pioneira experiência com a nova técnica de gravação digital de matrizes de off-set, o CTP, computer-to-plate. Desenvolvidas e direcionadas para a industria gráfica, na Lithos, essas matrizes são adaptadas e impressas em uma prensa litográfica Marinoni, do século XIX. / [en] This dissertation analyzes the transitions of uses that the techniques of reproduction of images have passed through. The study identifies different functional outwardness assumed for such doings, and, among them, it privileges the specifically artistic approaches: those using techniques that lost their functional use and those that appropriate of techniques strictly marked until then by this functionality. In that context, it is, then, studied the performance of Lithos Edições de Arte, graphic workshop founded in 1973, in Rio de Janeiro. Along 35 years, Lithos is working close to important names of the Brazilian arts, offering them the possibility to carry out serial works in screen-printing and lithograph. Since 2005, this workshop accomplishes a pioneer experience with the new technique of digital recording of offset matrices, CTP, computer-to-plate. Developed and addressed for the graphic industry, in Lithos, those matrices are adapted and printed in a lithographic press Marinoni, of the century XIX.

Orientador: Cláudio Henrique de Moraes Batalha / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T05:26:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago_CristianeMuniz_D.pdf: 3146801 bytes, checksum: 99114177e0bdb56be4ab4bf19e4ca491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Essa tese tem como objeto de estudo a perspectiva dos militantes e trabalhadores gráficos da cidade Rio de Janeiro sobre a história da categoria, entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980. Nossa análise também problematiza a construção da identidade de ofício desse grupo a partir de diferentes experiências, incluindo a militância sindical em sua entidade de classe, o Sindicato dos Trabalhadores nas Indústrias Gráficos do Município do Rio de Janeiro (STIGRJ). A relevância do trabalho está em analisar a história desses operários entre os anos 1960 e 1980, promovendo uma abordagem não restrita à repressão aos trabalhadores e suas entidades representativas, sobretudo a partir de 1964. Ao tratar dos militantes gráficos através de suas trajetórias de vida e de sua entidade de classe, o trabalho contribui para a ampliação do conhecimento da história dos trabalhadores considerando a experiência no âmbito do trabalho e do sindicato, mas também incorporando outros elementos como os processos de migração, militância partidária, conflitos no cotidiano do trabalho etc. Construiremos nossa análise sobre os gráficos cariocas a partir dos jornais da categoria, do material da polícia política, dos acórdãos do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho e de entrevistas. O que diferencia os gráficos de outros grupos em sua militância político-partidária, em suas celebrações e até mesmo em seus conflitos é a construção de um tipo de identidade definida, sobretudo, por um forte orgulho profissional. Nossa pesquisa concluiu que apesar dos laços identitários construídos pelos militantes gráficos, observamos dentro do grupo diferentes possibilidades de oposição à ordem vigente no pós-1964, que incluíram desde o uso do espaço do sindicato à militância na clandestinidade / Abstract: This thesis discusses the graphic workers and activists of Rio de Janeiro city and their point of view on their history between the 1960s and 1980s. Our analysis also includes the construction of the professional identity of this group through different backgrounds, including militancy in the Graphic Workers? Union of Rio de Janeiro City (STIGRJ). The relevance of the research is to examine the history of these workers between 1960 and 1980, promoting an approach not restricted to the repression of the workers and their unions, especially since 1964. Dealing with graphic militants through their life stories and their professional organization, this work helps to expand the knowledge of workers? history taking into account not only workplace and union experiences, but also incorporating other elements such as migration processes, partisan militancy, daily conflicts etc. Through the Journals of the category, the political police reports, the judgments of the Regional Labor Court and the interviews we build our analysis on the Graphic Workers in Rio. What distinguishes graphics from other militant groups in their political activism, celebrations and even conflicts is the construction of a type of identity, defined, above all by a strong professional pride. Our research found that despite their strong identity ties graphic militants built different possibilities for the struggle against the authoritarian order prevailing in the post-1964, which included the institutional use of union and underground militancy / Doutorado / Historia Social / Doutor em História

This thesis examines how IT and the digitization of information have transformed processes of the graphic industry. The aim is to show how critical production processes have changed when information in these processes have been digitized. Furthermore it considers if this has influenced changes in productivity while also identifying other significant benefits that have occurred as a result of the digitization. The debate concerning the productivity paradox is one important starting point for the thesis. Previous research on this phenomenon has mainly used different types of statistical databases as empirical sources. In this thesis though, the graphic industry is instead studied from a mainly qualitative and historical process perspective. The empirical study shows that digitization of information flows in the graphic industry began in the 1970s, but the start of the development and use of digitized information happened in the early 1980s. Today almost all types of materials in the industry, for example text and pictures, have developed into a digital form and the information flows are hereby more or less totally digitized. A common demand in the industry is that information produced should be adaptable to the different channels in which it may be presented. The consequences from use of IT and the digitization of information flows are identified in this thesis as different outcomes, effects, and benefits. The outcomes are identified directly from the empirical material, whilst the resulting effects are generated based on theories about IT and business value. The benefits are in turn generated from a summarization of the identified effects. Identified effects caused by IT and digitization of information include integration and merging of processes; vanishing professions; reduced number of operators involved; decreased production time; increased production capacity; increased amount and quality of communication; and increased quality in produced originals. One conclusion drawn from the analysis is that investments and use of IT have positively influenced changes in productivity. The conclusion is based on the appearance of different automational effects, which in turn have had a positive influence on factors that may be a part of a productivity index. In addition to productivity other benefits, based on mainly informational effects, are identified. These benefits include increased capacity to handle and produce information, increased integration of customers in the production processes, increased physical quality in produced products, and options for management improvements in the production processes. The conclusions indicate that it is not always the most obvious benefit, such as productivity, that is of greatest significance when IT is implemented in an industry. / <p>ISRN/Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2005:38</p>