Thesis (MMed) -- Stellenbosch University, 2010. / Bibliography / Objective: The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to assess whether demographic and anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests, co-morbidity, co-infection, treatment regimen, IRIS and adherence to treatment predict the expected response to HAART and differences if any, in the pattern of response as measured by CD4 count, weight gain and haemoglobin levels in two cohorts of patients in Roma, The Kingdom of Lesotho. Method: Data were collected randomly from a computerised database of the Antiretroviral Centre of the hospital and two cohorts of 151 subjects in each of the two arms of the study were identified from hospital records from January 2008. Each of these subjects was followed up over a period of 12 months with data obtained for at least 2 visits within the 12 month span. Data were obtained at baseline, 3 months and also at 6 and 12 months marks. Data on characteristics were compared between the two arms. Variables that may be potential confounders were identified and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to establish differences independent of confounding factors for the combined endpoints as well as for each endpoint separately. Results: In all 302 patients had their records analysed and comparison of clinical and immunological response patterns in patients taking AZT and TDF-containing ART regimens and the possible prediction of which the regimen would be better and within which population. Despite the perceived mismatch between two NRTIs it can be concluded from the results of this study that, overall, the inclusion of AZT in treatment regimen showed a modest protective effect over the TDF counterpart as measured by the endpoints of the discriminative powers of the Receiver Operating Curves of the explanatory variables being 66% , 77% and 66% for CD4, Haemoglobin and Weight respectively, and 63%, 70% and 65% for the same variables in the AZT and TDF arms of the study respectively. Conclusion: In a population of HIV patients on treatment in resource-limited settings AZT-containing regimens appear to show a slight improvement over the TDF-containing ones.

This work deals with current problems of Czech society. People living on the margins of society, is often denied access to quality education and employment, which could increase the possibility of reintegration back into society. In one of the groups most affected or at risk of social exclusion are seen for a long time members of Roma communities. The Czech Republic is in the field of social inclusion is often criticized for its passive approach to dealing with excluded Roma localities. Weight of the problem is determined not only by its scope, but also impacts the cost, number of people and sites that interferes. Overcoming social exclusion, which means the position outside the main social and economic dynamics of the country means a return to the process of integration and assimilation and the social structure of Czech society, including social, economic and cultural skills in the dynamics and structure to maintain and manage the necessary competencies and patterns of life manner, in particular its anchoring to education, employment and wages. The first part is devoted to explanation of terms and historical background of development of Roma ethnicity in this country. Mapping is an approach to the Roma to the present. The next chapter deals with the rights and obligations of all citizens of the Czech Republic, development and current legal anchoring of national minorities in the Czech Republic. The last chapter looks at the question of assimilation and integration in the present scale. Roma citizens living in the Czech Republic must assimilate at least as regards compliance with laws, rights and obligations as well as any other citizen of the Czech Republic.

Orientadores: Luiz Cesar Marques Filho, Maria Cristina Louro Berbara / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T17:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azevedo_Evelyne_M.pdf: 12063793 bytes, checksum: 928c7b993703d336d31616d9f1c0281f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A Fonte dos Quatro Rios situada na Piazza Navona, em Roma, foi projetada e construída por Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) entre os anos 1648 e 1651. Grosso modo, ela é constituída de quatro colossos representando os quatro maiores rios da Terra, aos quais são vinculados elementos da flora e fauna respectivos das zonas geográficas às quais os rios pertencem. Sobre o conjunto, encontra-se um obelisco encimado por uma pomba levando em seu bico um ramo de oliveira. Ao projeto iconográfico da fonte vincula-se a figura do jesuíta alemão Athanasius Kircher (1602 -1680), que, em 1650, finaliza sua obra Obeliscus Pamphilius, na qual trata, dentre outras coisas, especificamente da simbologia dos animais utilizados na fonte e sua relação com a mitologia egípcia. Peça fundamental deste estudo, a tradução do texto kircheriano revela diferentes significados para o monumento berniniano, permitindo uma nova interpretação que associa ambas obras. / Abstract: The Four Rivers Fountain is located at the Piazza Navona, in Rome and it was projected and constructed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini between 1648 and 1651. It is formed by four colossi representing the greatest rivers of each continent known at that time. Above them an obelisk was erected having on its top a dove with an olive branch. The iconographic project is associated to the german Jesuit Athanasius Kircher which published in 1650 the Obeliscus Pamphilius. This book reveals the simbology of the animals used in the fountain and its relation with the egyptian mythology. The translation from the latin of this text shows differents meanings for the monument, which permits a knew interpretation for Bernini's fountain. / Mestrado / Historia da Arte / Mestre em História

Esta tese explora relações entre o adultério e a política romana em torno de questões acerca da sexualidade feminina e da violência contra a mulher. Temos como objetivo compreender o contexto próximo à Lei Júlia sobre adultério, promulgada por volta do ano 18 a.C., por Augusto, primeiro imperador de Roma (31 a.C.-14 d.C.). Esta lei, voltada para a aristocracia, fez parte da reforma política empreendida por este imperador no período de transição da República para o Império Romano. A lei determinava o exílio, em ilhas diferentes, para ambos os acusados, e fixava os limites de ação no que diz respeito as práticas punitivas de adúlteros, principalmente aquelas exercidas diretamente por pais e maridos. Uma de nossas hipóteses é que antes da Lei Júlia havia uma disputa pela legitimidade de algumas práticas punitivas, que tinham como garantia parcial a realização dos conselhos domésticos organizados pelos homens ofendidos, ou seja, os homens do grupo familiar da mulher acusada de adultério. Esta garantia era parcial porque as práticas necessitavam ser validadas por esse conselho, que, por sua vez, também tinha a sua validade questionada. Em torno destas validações permeavam costumes e discursos marcados por uma noção da expurgação da mulher adúltera da sociedade. Esta noção habitava o ideário romano e é notável, por exemplo, em narrativas sobre episódios importantes da história romana relacionados ao desenvolvimento político dessa sociedade, e também em aspectos da religião. Além disso, esta noção se relacionava com o poder sobre vida e morte dos tutelados, que poderia ser exercido pelo pater familias. Entretanto, este poder específico sofria graves questionamentos quando exercido de forma arbitrária, de modo que o pater familias tinha como dever expor as causas e circunstâncias da morte perpetrada. De certo modo, o adultério feminino era tido como causa aceitável para a morte da mulher. Contudo, discutia-se quem deveria ou a quem caberia tal ação: pai, marido ou governo. Neste sentido, esta tese identifica e analisa um debate, apresentado pelas fontes literárias do final da República e início do Império, a respeito da relação ideal entre a res publica e as mulheres no quesito da punição. Este debate demonstra como a aristocracia masculina pensava e discutia os limites da jurisdição privada e pública sobre as mulheres. E, também, revela a natureza da reação da aristocracia contra a Lei Júlia, entendida por este setor como interferência do governante no poder doméstico e privado do pater familias. Além disso, esse debate nos mostra de que forma, em uma sociedade patriarcal, a castidade feminina era vinculada a uma ideia de harmonia política e social. / This thesis explores some relationships between adultery and Roman politics related to questions about female sexuality and violence against women. The aim is to understand the context of the \'Julian Law on Adultery\', enacted around 18 B.C., by Augustus, the first emperor of Rome (31 B.C.- A.D. 14). This law was aimed at the aristocracy and formed part of the political reforms undertaken by Augustus during the transition from the Republic to the Roman Empire. The law prescribed the exile, to different islands, of both defendants in cases of adultery and set limits concerning the punishments of adulterers, notably those that were administered directly by fathers and husbands. The thesis hypothesises that before the Julian Law, there were disputes over the legitimacy of certain punishments for adulterers. The existence of these punishments was partially guaranteed through domestic councils that were organized by the offended men. These were men from the family of the woman who was charged with adultery. This guarantee was partial because some forms of punishment needed to be validated by this council, which, in turn, was also threatened. It shows some customs and discourses supporting the idea of excluding the adulterous woman from the society. That idea is present on some aspects of the roman ideology, for example, in narratives of important episodes of the roman political development and also in the religion. This idea was related to the power over life and death that could be exercised by pater familias over daughters and sons. However, this specific power was seriously questioned when exercised in an arbitrary manner. The pater familias was required to disclose the causes and circumstances of the death that he was responsible for. Female adultery was regarded as an acceptable reason for the woman\'s death. In the meantime, it was discussed who ought to enact this punishment: father, husband or government. In this sense, the thesis identifies and analyses a debate evident in late Republican and early imperial literary sources regarding the ideal relationship between the res publica and women in terms of punishment. This debate demonstrates how the male aristocracy thought about and discussed the limits of private and public jurisdiction over women. It also reveals how the aristocracy reacted against the Julian Law, regarding it as interfering with the domestic and private power of the pater familias. In addition, this debate shows us how a patriarchal society linked female chastity to the idea of political and social harmony.

Cette thèse explore les liens entre les mobilités transnationales et les expériencessubjectivantes de Roms bulgares dont la vie quotidienne se situe à la fois en Bulgarie eten France. La réflexion porte sur les rapports entre une population et des États-nationsdans différents contextes, en observant le traitement politique spécifique de ces Romsminorisés, appréhendés comme différents et problématiques. Ce travail s’appuie sur uneethnographie translocale et multi-échelle afin de saisir les imbrications micro et macrodans la construction d’un problème public et politique (la « question rom ») commedans les expériences des migrants. D’une part, deux dispositifs politiques spécifiquesmis en place dans une agglomération française ont été observés au long cours etanalysés dans une approche généalogique, politique et ethnographique. D’autre part,plusieurs familles de migrants roms bulgares vivant en squat ont été suivies dans leurexpérience transnationale. En mettant en perspective la politique locale en direction deces migrants, leurs rapports à l’État et leurs dynamiques migratoires, cette thèsecontribue à une anthropologie politique et des migrations. Au-delà de leur captationdans des politiques oscillant entre exclusion et assimilation, en France comme enBulgarie, ces Roms bulgares jouent sur les frontières géographiques, sociales etidentitaires pour se réinventer. L’attention portée aux Roms comme acteurs amène uneréflexion sur leurs processus de subjectivation, entendus comme construction d’un sujetagissant sur lui-même en s’inscrivant dans des rapports de pouvoirs et de domination.Cette recherche constitue donc un apport à l’anthropologie du sujet. / This dissertation explores the links between transnational mobilities and experiences ofsubjectivation of Bulgarian Roma migrants whose daily life is both in Bulgaria andFrance. Reflection is conducted on the relationship between a population and nationstatesin different contexts, by observing the specific policy addressing these Romaperceived as inherently different and problematics. This work is based on a translocaland multi-scale ethnography to capture the linkages between micro and macro levels inthe construction of a public and political issue (the “Roma issue”), as in the experiencesof migrants. First, two specific policy measures put in place in a French locality wereobserved with a long term follow-up and analyzed in a historitical, political andethnographic approach. In addition, several families of Bulgarian Roma migrants livingin squats were followed in their transnational experiences. By putting in perspectivelocal policy towards these migrants, their relationship to State and their migrationdynamics, this thesis contributes both to political anthropology and anthropology ofmobility. In their daily life, these Roma manage to go beyond their enrolment inpolicies ranging from exclusion and assimilation in France as in Bulgaria: they play onthe geographic, social and identity boundaries in order to reinvent itself. Focusing onthe Roma as actors raises questions about their processes of subjectivation. The latterare understood as the ways in which subjects are “made” in action both on themselvesand others within relations of power and domination. This research therefore provides acontribution to the anthropology of the subject.

The aim of this thesis is to find out how the participants of the Theatre of the Oppressed become empowered and how they use these experiences from the Theatre in other spheres of life. The research is based on a qualitative method and semi-structured interviews with open coding. The sample consists of Roma and non-Roma respondents. The results show that the necessary prerequisites for empowerment include meetings and dialogues with others, games and interventions, sharing of experiences and active work against oppression. In other dimensions of life, we can see personal empowerment manifest itself by higher self-confidence, advanced communication skills and responsible citizenship. In the professional sphere empowerment is presented in a work with a group, in a current job or in an involvement in new projects. For a civil society to thrive it is important that people from the majority society meet and work together with members of the minority groups. It is also essential to promote civil competences and social capital, meet with strongly engaged activists, open discussions in the public sphere and support the principle of taking responsibility for one's life and the life of the community. Key words: Theatre of the Oppressed, empowerment, active work against oppression, Roma and non-Roma people,...

The diploma thesis on the topic "Spirituality of Young Romanies" disserts on spirituality amongst them. The spirituality is pursued in general and its levels, possibilities of saturation and ties to institutions are comprised. A chapter describing the history of the Romanies and phenomena associated with the spirituality of the Romanies is included. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether the phenomena are still relevant in connection with Romany religiosity and whether they differ in the Ústí nad Labem Region and in the East of Slovakia, where these traditions are still represented in the majority society. In my theses I also trace whether there is syncretism. For the practical part, I have chosen quantitative research with the technique of a questionnaire survey.

Many researches have proven that in the Czech Republic on a long there is little tolerance towards the Roma minority. The current situation is the cause of both historical and socio-economic. There are many designs that offer solutions to improve the mutual relations between the majority and the Roma minority. Part of the Roma population is working hard on steps towards better mutual understanding. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the civic involvement of young Roma dedicated to activities for the benefit of society. Their effort is rewarded with both positive results and negative reactions accompanied by threats, therefore is the aim of work to find out what motivates or influences them in their endeavors. Design of this thesis is a qualitative research with method of grounded theory.

The topic of the thesis is education of children in COVID 19 period from the point of view of Roma mother. In the theoretical part the author presents the history of Roma population in Czech republic and their cultural specifics. Special focus is given to education. Practical part then focuses on analysis of interviews and observations of Roma mothers. Focus will be given to their perception of online education of their children including evaluation of what possible support was offered to them by the state and what obstacles they met in online education.

This dissertation examines how contentious collective action in two post communist states, Poland and the Czech Republic, has broadened to include European and international actors. It identifies the emergence of new opportunities for contention brought about by recent episodes of institutional change, specifically EU accession, and questions how they benefit materially or politically weak NGOs. With the intention of determining how three interrelated processes, democratization, Europeanization and internationalization, affect the nature and scope of contentious politics, this dissertation carries out an investigation of several concrete episodes of political mobilization and contention. As shown these 'contentious events' involved a myriad of national, European and international actors, mobilizing to challenge national policy. Data from NGO questionnaires, interviews and newswire/newspaper archives are used to discern the nature and scope of contentious collective action. This dissertation assesses the extent to which transnationalization of advocacy politics has disrupted existing power arrangements at the national level between NGOs and government. Hypothesizing that European Union accession in 2004 changed the nature and scope of contentious collective action in post communist Europe, this dissertation undertakes a comparative empirical examination of three sectors, environment, women and Roma, and twenty-nine representative NGOs. My research identifies three important developments in the Polish and Czech nonprofit sector: first, European advocacy networks and institutions are helping national NGOs overcome power disparities at the national level; second, issues once confined to national political space have acquired a European dimension, and; third, despite Europeanization, a few notable policy issues (i.e. reproductive rights, nuclear energy and domestic violence) remain firmly under national jurisdiction. This dissertation contributes to existing collective action/post communist scholarship in three ways. It applies established theories of contention/collective action to several recent episodes of political mobilization; it confirms that post accession institutional change does offer new political opportunity structures to national NGOs, and finally; it presents new empirical research on post communist collective action.