在2000年後，全球開始面臨到前後未有的不景氣，美國的聯準會史無前例的不斷降息。社會的焦點也從高科技轉向傳統產業。大環境不景氣之外，台灣廠商還面臨加入WTO後市場開放的問題。在加入WTO之前，不少分析師都認為台灣的傳統產業將難以生存。但經過這幾年的觀察，台灣有不少傳統產業不但沒有倒下，反而更為茁壯，汽車產業就是一個例子。本研究期望透過選擇好的評價模式作客觀的評估，協助汽車產業相關的投資人與企業經營階層做為參考。 本研究以裕隆、中華、和泰等三家汽車廠商為研究對象，以2000至2004年之財務報表作為預估個案公司未來成長率與獲利表現的依據，利用現金流量折現法的銷售導向與盈餘導向兩種模式，模擬最樂觀、最可能發生與最悲觀三種情境估算實質價格區間，並與個股之實際股價相比較，推論目前股價的合理性，及目前股價所隱含的市場預期個案公司未來的銷售成長率與盈餘成長率；以敏感性分析繪製成的龍捲風圖觀察個別關鍵評價因子對股價的影響程度。 實證結果顯示，透過銷售導向和盈餘導向兩種模式的現金流量折現法，其結果為裕隆汽車的合理股價區間為22.37~63.41元間；中華汽車的合理股價區間為44.63~73.58元間；和泰汽車的合理股價區間為43.39~66.88元間。最後在敏感性分析方面，得到的結果都顯示著邊際利潤率對股價的影響最大，而銷售成長率對股價的影響則是最小。

L'industrie automobile tient une place à part dans l'histoire du capitalisme, dont elle détermine jusqu'à l'appellation de sa dernière grande période : le « fordisme ». Depuis la fin du 20ème siècle, elle se trouve confrontée à une double contrainte environnementale : l'épuisement annoncée des carburants fossiles et la lutte contre les pollutions, atmosphériques notamment. Le transport routier représente en effet 20% des émissions de GES. L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser la réaction de cette industrie pour internaliser cette double contrainte, en se centrant sur la dimension « innovation ». La grille théorique proposée par Schumpeter et prolongée par les auteurs évolutionnistes est mobilisée pour tester l'hypothèse suivante : l'industrie automobile est en train d'amorcer un nouveau sentier de dépendance pour s'émanciper de cette double contrainte. Dès lors, le passage au moteur hybride, lu comme une éco-innovation de rupture, marque la fin du « lock in » sur le sentier précédant caractérisé par la dépendance au moteur à combustion interne. / Automotive industry has a special place in the history of the capitalism, of which it determines up to the name of its last great period: “Fordism”. It has to face double environmental constraints since the end of the 20th century: predicted exhaustion of world fossil fuel resources and the control of pollution, particularly atmospheric. Road transport accounts for 20% of the emission of greenhouse gases. The purpose of this work is to analyse how this industry will react to internalize that double constraint by focusing on “innovation”. The theoretical framework proposed by Schumpeter and prolonged by the evolutionary authors is mobilized to test the following assumption: automotive industry is starting a new path of dependence to become emancipated from this double constraint. Consequently, the transition to the hybrid engine, as an “breakthrough eco-innovation”, points out the end of the “lock in” on the previous path characterized by the dependence upon the internal combustion engine.

O objeto do presente trabalho é uma análise da produção do espaço da indústria, privilegiando a indústria automobilística brasileira, no contexto de passagem do chamado fordismo para a produção flexível. O objetivo do trabalho é o de examinar a intrincada rede de relações entre o espaço e as estratégias de produção e reprodução do capital, num contexto de transformação dessas estratégias. O espaço é considerado como um produto, mas por outro lado, também é aqui tomado como produtivo. Buscou-se, então, detectar quais são as principais mudanças (políticas, sociais, econômicas e espaciais) que ocorrem na passagem das estratégias fordistas de reprodução e acumulação do capital para as ligadas à produção flexível. E como essa passagem altera os fatores de localização industrial no território, além da própria organização das indústrias. Foi, portanto, feito um estudo de como o espaço da indústria se reorganiza a partir das transformações nas estratégias de reprodução do capital e a partir das relações deste com o Estado - dando destaque para a idéia a crescente importância do fundo público -, com o trabalho e com o espaço. Nesse processo, foi dado destaque ao estudo da indústria automobilística no Brasil, pois ela seria um exemplo paradigmático das recentes transformações no capitalismo contemporâneo, e, dada a sua importância e influência no Brasil, também um exemplo de como o espaço geográfico é produzido e reestruturado a partir de tais transformações. Para a viabilização do presente trabalho foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica de parte da literatura disponível sobre o tema, um levantamento de dados em fontes apropriadas e foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes e funcionários da Volkswagen do Brasil e com membros do Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC. / This work is an analysis of the production of space in the Brazilian motor car industry, involving the transition of fordism to flexible production. This study aims the examination of a complex network between space and capital’s production and reproduction strategies, including these strategies’ changes. Space is considered as a product. On the other hand, it is also considered as productive. It was sought to detect what are the main changes (political, social, economical and spatial ones) which take place in the transition from the fordist´s strategies of reproduction and accumulation of capital to the flexible production ones. It was also considered how this transition changes the industrial location factors in the territory, besides the internal industrial organization. It was, therefore, produced a study related to the industrial space reorganization that included the existing relations between capital and State (enhancing the role of the public fund), labor and space. The motor car industry in Brazil was particularly studied, as it constitutes a paradigmatic example of the recent changes in the contemporary capitalism, and due to its influence and importance in this country it is also an example of how the geographical space is produced and reorganized from such changes. A bibliographic revision about the related subject, a data search and interviews with employees from Volkswagen do Brasil and with members of the Metallurgy Workers Union from great São Paulo (Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC) were made to make this work possible.

The master thesis deals with the analysis of marketing communication in the German market. It describes its specifics and demostrates them on the example of chosen market segment. The main task is to define marketing communication within marketing mix and to analyze its main trends. Next objective is to describe German consumer, his attitude to brands and advertising. The thesis focuses on media mix and legal regulation of advertising in the German market. In the last part there is mentioned marketing communication in the car industry and the example of marketing techniques of the car factory BMW.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorgep1-50.pdf: 510866 bytes, checksum: 03881e3734a574c9c4194841cb656b11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-24 / This study investigates Quatro Rodas magazine as a press member and an agent of the cultural press revolution represented by the Brazilian car industry raised after 1957, that made cars not just a transport but also a symbol of modernity and social, urban and economical changes in Brazilian society. It analyzes the historical period of Brazil between the years 1920 until 1963 focusing the first three years of the magazine (1960 to 1963) as a case study proceeding the content analysis. Were analyzed 58 reports of the 36 first issues of the magazine classified in six register units: urbanism, medicine of traffic, drivers behavior, safe driving, buying and selling cars and women driving. The study demonstrates the importance of the magazine by being didactical and at the same time analytical about issues involving citizens, as drivers or pedestrians, the industry and government educating, evaluating and demand solutions. After August 1960, Quatro Rodas creates a new field for the Brazilian press anticipating serious issues not solved until today in the streets and highways of Brazil and molding the persona of the Brazilian drives by incentivizing their passion for cars. / Esta dissertação investiga a contribuição da revista Quatro Rodas como veículo de comunicação e agente de mudança cultural da sociedade e da imprensa brasileiras, a partir da instalação de indústrias nacionais e da adoção do carro como meio de transporte e símbolo de modernização econômica, urbana e social. Nesse sentido, contextualiza o período histórico nacional que vai da década de 1920 até o terceiro ano da publicação (1960 a 1963) e, por meio de estudo de caso, analisa o conteúdo de 58 reportagens das primeiras 36 edições reunidas em seis unidades de registro: urbanismo, medicina do trânsito, comportamento ao volante, segurança ao volante, mercado de compra e venda e mulheres e carros. O trabalho destaca a relevância da revista ao reunir de modo analítico e didático questões que envolviam os cidadãos, como motoristas ou pedestres, a indústria automobilística e as autoridades, na atribuição de, respectivamente, educar, avaliar e cobrar. Desse modo, a partir de agosto de 1960, Quatro Rodas contribui para abrir um novo campo na imprensa brasileira, antecipando questões ainda hoje presentes (e não resolvidas) nas ruas e estradas do país e desenhando o perfil do brasileiro e sua nascente paixão pelo automóvel.

This work deals with the quality of product, be specific quality of door balancer for Škoda Yeti car. This product is produced by company Edscha Bohemia s.r.o. First of all we describe the company and the product itself, arter that we present actual sitution of development and production of door balancer in this company and finally we present innovations of quality processes used by production of the door balancer.

The aim of the Master´s thesis is to devise complex design of minitractor that is going to fulfil temporary technological and constructive innovative components with respect to total attractive visual style. In a theoretical part I explored various market trends that I decided to assess in a practical part. Finally I designed an articulated minitractor with the technology of dual turning in combination with removable cab and the next innovative elements that supported the total design inspired by up to date car industry.

Die bisherigen Untersuchungen zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit und Energieeffizienz konzentrierten sich nicht auf die speziellen Anforderungen einer Fahrzeugmontage. Bei der Neuplanung einer Fahrzeugmontage spielte bisher die Energieeffizienz ei-ne untergeordnete Rolle. Mit der zunehmenden Bedeutung von Nachhaltigkeit und der Energieeffizienz in Politik und Öffentlichkeit wachsen auch diesbezüglich die Erwartungen an die Automobilindustrie. Aus diesem Grund wurden ganzheitliche Ansätze und Methoden entwickelt, um einen Neubau eines Fahrzeugwerkes, im Speziellen die Fahrzeugmontage, energieeffizient und nachhaltig zu gestalten. Die Nutzung von natürlichen Ressourcen stand hierbei im Vordergrund. Der Einsatz von fossilen Energien sollte hierbei weitestgehend vermieden werden. Beginnend mit der Standortauswahl über die Festlegung der Werksstruktur sowie der Fahr-zeugmontage- und Logistikstruktur wurden hier die wichtigsten Bereiche der Fab-rikplanung abgedeckt. Zusätzlich wurde noch die Gebäudekonstruktion unter den Prämissen der Energieeffizienz untersucht.

Cette thèse s’intéresse au travail collectif d’opérateurs de montage travaillant en « îlot de production » et à la construction de la santé dans ce contexte de transformations du monde ouvrier. Lors d’une intervention dans une entreprise de logistique, dernier maillon de la chaîne de sous-traitance de l’industrie automobile, nous avons proposé d’installer un cadre clinique de l’activité en psychologie du travail. Ainsi, les opérateurs volontaires ont pu découvrir combien les expériences des autres - même ceux croisés ponctuellement de par le turn-over des intérimaires - et les débats autour des façons de faire des collègues, pouvaient devenir une ressource pour leur propre travail. Malgré la difficulté de maintenir un travail de co-analyse avec un fort turn-over, les opérateurs ont aussi pris conscience de la fonction sociale de leur collectif au sein de l’entreprise, lors du dernier comité de pilotage de notre intervention. Ce double processus psychologique et social de la fonction du collectif chez les opérateurs leur permet de créer de nouvelles manières de transformer le travail, participant ainsi au développement de leur santé. / This thesis speaks about collective work of the operators of assembly in modular manufacturing unit and health building in this context of industrial work transformations. During an intervention in a company of car logistics, the last link of the chain of subcontracting at car industry, we proposed them to construct a clinical frame of activity in work psychology. So, volunteers’ operators were able to discover how much the experiences of the others - even those crossed punctually due to the turnover of the temporary workers - and the debates around the manners to make the other colleagues could become a resource for their own work. In spite of the difficulty to maintain a work of co-analysis with temporary operators, the operators could also became aware of their collective social function, during the last steering committee of our intervention. This double psychological and social process of the collective function at the operators allows creating new ways to transform their work, so participating in the development of their health.

I takt med att organisationers omgivande miljö beskrivs som alltmer dynamisk, ökar kritiken mot den budgeteringen, då budget anses var ett statiskt ekonomistyrningsverktyg. Trots medhållet som kritiken får visar empiriska studier att få företag faktiskt överger budget som huvudsakligt planerings- och kontrollverktyg (Sandalgaard 2012; Ekholm & Wallin 2000; Dokulil, Zlámalová & Popesko 2017). Till följd av Covid-19-pandemin under år 2020 förlorande många marknader sin förutsägbarhet vilket resulterade i osäkra omgivningar för många organisationer och branscher. Bilförsäljningen visade en hög variation under pandemiåret. Först tappade marknaden 40% av försäljningen och några månader senare fick den uppgång som täckte upp för de föregående förlorade intäkterna. Marknaden upplevde därmed en berg-och-dal-bana som ger insikt i hur budgetens praktiska användning sammanfaller med kritiserade svagheter. Genom att använda fem av de främsta argumenten i kritiken mot budgetering undersöker studien hur budgeten påverkas hos svenska bilåterförsäljare. Detta illustrerar behovet som bilåterförsäljarna har i en bransch vars omgivning påverkats av en oväntad osäkerhet. Sju bilåterförsäljare kontaktades och intervjuades i syfte att tillhandahålla den empiriska datan som i efterhand kompletterades genom de utvalda återförsäljarnas årsredovisningar. Genom detta urvalet utforskar studien en variation i behovet av budgeten. Studien kommer bland annat fram till att budgeten och dess komplement samspelar för att tillgodose de observerade bilåterförsäljarnas individuella behov av planering och kontroll. / The critique of budgeting has been growing louder during recent years as the influencing factors in the organizational environment is increasingly described as dynamic, while budgeting itself is seen as a static appliance in organizational management. However, despite the support this critique receives, empirical evidence shows that few companies actually abandon budgeting as one of their main tools for planning and control in financial management (Sandalgaard 2012; Ekholm & Wallin 2000; Dokulil, Zlámalová & Popesko 2017). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic year 2020, the wide consumer market lost its predictability, thus making it an uncertain environment for a majority of companies to act in. Sales of cars showed a wide variety during the pandemic year. First a decline of 40% in sales in the overall market and then an upswing which made up for previous loss. The car market had therefore experienced an interchangeable environment which contribute to giving insight to how the praxis of the budget coincide with the criticism. Using five of the main points in the critique against budgeting, the research area of this study, car retailers, were chosen to illuminate the need for the budget of retailers in an industry unexpectedly affected by uncertainty in the environment. Seven car retailer companies were contacted and interviewed to provide the empirical data which were later supplemented by the chosen companies’ annual reports. Through this selection this study explores a variety in the need for the budget. The results include that there is an interaction between the budget and the budget complement to satisfy the observed car retailers' individual needs of planning and control. This study is written in Swedish.