The Field Study was designed to investigate some aspects of content validity of a specially designed Draft Manual for Diagnostic Procedures in Reading. A copy of the Manual is available separately, but relevant sections of it are appended to this Report. The Draft Manual for Diagnostic Procedures in Reading (D.M.D.P.R.) was issued to seventeen students enrolled in the Graduate Diploma in Special Education. These students were completing the unit, Curriculum Design in Language and Reading. The D.M.D.P.R. was compiled as a trial testing instrument which could be used by the students in their course-work on diagnosis of reading difficulties. The manual contains three sections, listed below, which are germane to this study. This Report will focus upon the procedures of testing which were taught and practised in, and the results obtained from, trial testing by the writer and the students within the framework of the Curriculum Design in Language and Reading (C.D.L.R.) unit. The three sections of the D.M.D.P.R. which are the subject of this study are: 1. Diagnostic Procedures in the Assessment of Reading Readiness. 2. A Rationale for the Measurement of Reading Performance. 3. The Principles, Procedures and Application of Miscue Analysis in the Diagnosis of Reading Difficulties. The Report will describe and analyse the findings obtained from Sections 1 and 3. in which information has been obtained from the course participants in their use of the D.M.D.P.R. Section 2, an article on theoretical issues in diagnosis of reading processes, was included in the D.M.D.P.R. to explain to the participants the rationale of miscue analysis techniques. The explanatory and descriptive nature of that section will be referred to in this Report for reference purposes only. Report on Section 1 Section 1 of the D.M.D.P.R. is a series of five tests which were designed to trial a method of assessment of the developmental language and reading status of children aged between 5.6 and 7.5 years of age. The children were rated by their teachers in language and reading development on a five-point scale, which ranged from extremely poor, to below average, average, above average, and excellent. The tests were administered to nearly 200 children and data was obtained from 137 of these. The children comprise a sample who have been exposed to one, two or three years of reading readiness training and reading teaching in a wide variety of programs and systems. The primary purpose of designing the tests was to use criteria of performance which do not commonly appear in standardized, normative tests of reading readiness and reading development. The rationale of the tests was stated in the D.M.D.P.R. The Report reviews this rationale in Chapters I and II and the results obtained from the application of the trial tests in Chapter III. Report on Section 3 Section 3 of the D.M.D.P.R. proposes a system of diagnostic testing in reading, known as Miscue Analysis. The Report attempts to review, in descriptive terms, the patterns of error behaviour in reading which can be illustrated by the miscue analysis technique, and to describe the systems of analysis developed by the writer and unit participants in their investigations of 130 children who were described as low proficiency readers. This review is contained in Chapter IV. Because the miscue analysis technique is diagnostic in purpose, it would be inappropriate to describe the Section 3 program as experimental or empirical. Several insights into the uses of the miscue analysis technique were developed progressively in the C.D.L.R. unit and these procedures and uses will be the subject of the report. In summary, the overall purposes of the study were therefore two-fold: 1. to provide a group of specialist teachers in training with a manual of diagnostic procedures appropriate to the assessment of children's reading progress in early and later stages of reading development; and 2. to assess experimentally the validity of original test materials to be used in early reading stages, and to appraise descriptively the efficacy of a diagnostic procedure in reading in later reading stages.

No description available.

The amount of energy consumed during a tillage operation depends on three categories of parameters: (1) soil parameters (2) tool parameters and (3) operating parameters. Although many research works have been reported on the effects of those parameters on tillage energy, the exact number of affecting parameters and the contribution of each parameter in total energy requirement have not been specified. A study with the objectives of specifying energy consuming components and determining the amount of each component for a vertical narrow tool, particularly at high speeds of operation, was conducted in the soil bin facilities of the Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, University of Saskatchewan. <p>Based on studies by Blumel (1986) and Kushwaha and Linke (1996), four main energy consuming components were assumed: <p>(1) energy requirements associated with soil-tool interactions;<p>(2) energy requirements associated with interactions between tilled and fixed soil masses;<p>(3) energy requirements associated with soil deformation; and <p>(4) energy requirements associated with the acceleration of the tilled soil. <p> Energy requirement of a vertical narrow tool was calculated based on the draft requirement of the tool measured in the soil bin. The effects of three variables, moisture content, operating depth and forward speed, were studied at different levels: (1) moisture content at 14% and 20%; (2) depth at 40, 80, 120 and 160 mm; and (3) speed at 1, 8, 16 and 24 km h-1. Total energy requirement was divided into these four components based upon the procedure developed in the research. <p>Regression equations for different energy components were developed based on experimental data of two replicates and then validated by extra soil bin experiments conducted at same soil and tool but different operational conditions. The set up of energy components data in the model development showed good correlation with the available experimental data for all four components. Coefficients of all regression equations showed a first order energy-moisture content relationship best applicable to those equations of energy components. For the acceleration component, energy-depth relationship at all speed levels resulted in an equation which included first and second orders of depth. In contrast, if only two higher levels of speed were used in the regression model, the relationship between acceleration energy and depth resulted in the second order of depth. When experimental data of acceleration energy at 8, 16, and 24 km h-1 speeds were used in the regression equation, the acceleration energy-speed relationship resulted in both linear and quadratic relationships. It was concluded that for the tool and soil conditions used in the experiments, 8 km h-1 speed resulted in only linear relationship. On the other hand, 16 and 24 km h-1 speeds resulted in a quadratic relationship. Therefore, for all 3 speeds used in experiments, both linear and quadratic relationships were obtained. Considering that the tool was operating at high speeds, this research is expected to contribute valuable experimental data to the researchers working in the field of soil dynamics.

No description available.

Inriktningen från den svenska statsmakten är att övergå från ett plikt- till ettfrivilligt försvar. Huvudorsak till denna transformering är behovet av en ökad användbarhetav det svenska försvaret, en användbarhet som det nuvarande värnpliktssystemet inte ansesmedge. Syftet med studien är att undersöka och diskutera hur Försvarsmaktens framtidasvenska soldatförsörjningsmodell ter sig i norsk komparation och vilka eventuellakonsekvenser den valda svenska vägen kan tänkas få på användbarheten. Utifrån detta syfteär huvudfrågan med studien formulerad på följande sätt: Hur kan Försvarsmaktensanvändbarhet tänkas påverkas av det framtida soldatförsörjningssystemet?Studien jämför det svenska framtida soldatförsörjningssystemet med dagens norska syftandetill att beskriva skillnader och likheter kopplat till begreppet användbarhet. Vidare så jämförockså studien skillnaden mellan de norska intentionerna med sitt soldatförsörjningssystemmed de dragna erfarenheterna. Resultaten från dessa båda jämförelser analyseras, tolkas ochdiskuteras sedan för att bilda grund för svaret på huvudfrågan med uppsatsen.Resultatet av studien visar att användbarheten i huvudsak påverkas positivt avseendetillgängliga förband här och nu vilket ligger helt i linje med vad den svenska statsmakten vill.Dock finns vissa tveksamheter om huruvida rekryteringsbehovet för att uppnå dennatillgänglighet av förband kommer att uppnås. Vidare visar resultatet att man kan hysa enfarhåga över den förkortade grundutbildningens negativa påverkan på förmågebredden ochdärmed användbarheten av de anställda svenska soldaterna och sjömännen. / The aim and direction from the Swedish government is to go from conscription- toprofessional defense. The main reason for that transformation is the growing requirements ofutility of the Swedish defense, a utility that the existing duty defense system, according to theSwedish government doesn’t permit. The purpose of this essay is to look into and discuss howthe Swedish Defense Forces future system of recruiting soldiers will stand in comparison withthe Norwegian one, and what the eventual consequences the selected Swedish path might be,and how this will affect the utilization. On the basis of this purpose, the formulation of thecore question of this essay is: How might the Swedish Defense Forces utility be affected bythe implementation of the planned system of recruiting soldiers?The essay compares the planned Swedish system of recruiting soldiers in the future with theNorwegian one, aiming to describe distinctions and parities coupled to utility. Furthermore,the essay will also compare the differences amongst the Norwegian intentions with theirsystem of recruiting soldiers with the actual outcome. The results from these comparisons willbe analyzed, interpreted and discussed in order to answer the core question of the essay.The result of the essay shows that the utility of the Swedish Defense Forces planned systemfor the near future is essentially positively affected by the number of immediate accessibleunits. This is in line with what the Swedish government wants to accomplish. However, thereare curtain doubts as to whether the actual need of recruited soldiers will be obtained in orderto withhold that number of accessible units. Furthermore the result of the essay indicates thatthere are reasons to bear some worries concerning how the shortened basic training of theemployed/professional Swedish soldiers and sailors will influence their ability, and by thatalso their utility. / Avdelning: ALB – Slutet Mag. 3 C-upps. Hylla: Upps. ChP 07-09

The amount of energy consumed during a tillage operation depends on three categories of parameters: (1) soil parameters (2) tool parameters and (3) operating parameters. Although many research works have been reported on the effects of those parameters on tillage energy, the exact number of affecting parameters and the contribution of each parameter in total energy requirement have not been specified. A study with the objectives of specifying energy consuming components and determining the amount of each component for a vertical narrow tool, particularly at high speeds of operation, was conducted in the soil bin facilities of the Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, University of Saskatchewan. <p>Based on studies by Blumel (1986) and Kushwaha and Linke (1996), four main energy consuming components were assumed: <p>(1) energy requirements associated with soil-tool interactions;<p>(2) energy requirements associated with interactions between tilled and fixed soil masses;<p>(3) energy requirements associated with soil deformation; and <p>(4) energy requirements associated with the acceleration of the tilled soil. <p> Energy requirement of a vertical narrow tool was calculated based on the draft requirement of the tool measured in the soil bin. The effects of three variables, moisture content, operating depth and forward speed, were studied at different levels: (1) moisture content at 14% and 20%; (2) depth at 40, 80, 120 and 160 mm; and (3) speed at 1, 8, 16 and 24 km h-1. Total energy requirement was divided into these four components based upon the procedure developed in the research. <p>Regression equations for different energy components were developed based on experimental data of two replicates and then validated by extra soil bin experiments conducted at same soil and tool but different operational conditions. The set up of energy components data in the model development showed good correlation with the available experimental data for all four components. Coefficients of all regression equations showed a first order energy-moisture content relationship best applicable to those equations of energy components. For the acceleration component, energy-depth relationship at all speed levels resulted in an equation which included first and second orders of depth. In contrast, if only two higher levels of speed were used in the regression model, the relationship between acceleration energy and depth resulted in the second order of depth. When experimental data of acceleration energy at 8, 16, and 24 km h-1 speeds were used in the regression equation, the acceleration energy-speed relationship resulted in both linear and quadratic relationships. It was concluded that for the tool and soil conditions used in the experiments, 8 km h-1 speed resulted in only linear relationship. On the other hand, 16 and 24 km h-1 speeds resulted in a quadratic relationship. Therefore, for all 3 speeds used in experiments, both linear and quadratic relationships were obtained. Considering that the tool was operating at high speeds, this research is expected to contribute valuable experimental data to the researchers working in the field of soil dynamics.

After ¡§911 Attack¡¨ in 2001, every place in the world suffered destructive attack by terrorists one after another. It caused not only heavy casualties but also a shock to the international society. Religious fanaticism and technology misuse has made terror actions be serious threat to world stability and peace. United Nations Security Council not only critically condemned terror brutalities but also appealed to every member for urgent cooperation to prevent terrorist attack together and punish those who sponsor, plan, prepare for, and support terrorists; legislation sanction against terror actions has become the common consensus of the international society. Viewing the current achievements of countering terrorism, applying military strikes invariably still cannot completely solve this problem effectively. It must trace its source through knowing what problems happened in the society and how to make the most proper adjustment to cruxes of problems by means of double examination, ¡§Efficiency¡¨ and ¡§Rationality,¡¨ plus negotiation of every aspect of politics to enact the law, which conforms to principles of economy. There were a few actions of international terrorists in our country in the past, but we must have the attitude of playing the percentages and draft policies and complete laws in advance to response. At present, our country plans to finish the draft of ¡§Counter-terrorism Act,¡¨ providing the legal foundation of punishing terror actions and plan to set up a chartered counter-terrorism institute by the government to respond to significant terrorist attack. The research of our legal system of counter-terrorism is to discuss how to reach the balance between maintaining national security and protecting human rights by following the basic theory of administrative laws¡Ðprinciple, organization, authority, remedy, and supervision as the foundation of the thesis, and citing professor DENG, Syue-liang¡¦s academic quotation theory. In the light of every research structure, the research made correct description of crucial meaning of the system and explored the merits and demerits in the course of applying the legal system with objective explanation of its administrative measures and personal cognition, and brought up suggestions for follow-up researchers as reference.

This document specifies a simple signalling mechanism for inter-domain QoS marking using a BGP Extended Community QoS Attribute. Class based packet forwarding for delay and loss critical services is currently performed in an individual AS internal manner. The new QoS marking attribute makes the QoS class setup within the IP prefix advertising AS known to all access and transit ASes. This enables individual (re-)marking and forwarding treatment adaptation to the original QoS class setup of the respective IP prefix. The attribute provides the means to signal QoS markings on different layers, which are linked together in QoS class sets. It provides inter-domain and cross-layer insight into the QoS class mapping of the source AS with minimal signalling traffic.

No description available.

This thesis traces the history of Conscientious Objection and draft evasion from the introduction of the Universal Male Conscription system in 1949 to the end of the authoritarian dictatorship period in 1993. I especially focus on the persecution and stigmatization of religious Conscientious Objector groups such as the South Korean Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Seventh-day Adventists. The negative labeling of these Conscientious Objectors as social deviants is part of an initiative led by the South Korean state to solidify Universal Male Conscription as a social norm. This process was supported by the implementation of a national surveillance system as well as the intensification of a nation-wide crackdown on draft evasion, which was viewed indifferently from Conscientious Objection. Thus, this project reveals the ostracization of Conscientious Objection as well as the normalization of Universal Male Conscription as an interconnected issue that came to be perpetuated throughout South Korean History.