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Undersökning i denna uppsats har utgjorts av en fallstudie. Fokus i vårt arbetehar legat på implementering, ledarskap och delaktighet.Syftet med vårt examensarbete har varit att studera hur implementeringen avaffärssystem kan gå till i en offentlig organisation och hur medarbetarnasdelaktighet samt chefernas ledarskap ser ut under implementeringen. Detövergripande syftet har varit att identifiera förbättringsområden och ge förslagtill lösningar. Vi har utgått från att kombinera en kvantitativ enkät medkvalitativa djupintervjuer för vår fallstudie.Sammanfattningen av våra slutsatser var följande: Den studeradeorganisationen inom offentliga sektorn är stor, komplex, hierarkisk samt har enspecifik ansvarsfördelning med befattningar och behörigheter och därför har enstegvis implementering tillämpats. Styrkor i implementeringsprocessen harvarit: projektmetodik, planering, stegvis införande, nyckelpersonerna somavancerade användare, testverksamhet och en egen förvaltningsorganisation.Svagheter i implementeringsprocessen har varit: ledarskap, förändringsledning,delaktighet, utbildning, kommunikation, resursplanering, oklart syfte, otydligamål samt vision som inte kommunicerats ut till medarbetarna i organisationen.Svagheter och styrkor sammanfattades i en egenutvecklad modell som delarimplementeringsprocessen i två delar – den tekniska och den organisatoriska.Den avgörande faktorn i implementeringsprocessen visade sig vara denorganisatoriska delen med aspekter som handlar om organisation och ledning. / The investigation in this paper consisted of a case study. The focus of our workhas been on implementation, leadership and participation.The aim of this thesis was to study how the implementation of ERP can go to apublic organization and how employee participation and managers' leadershiplooks during implementation. The overall aim has been to identify areas forimprovement and suggest solutions. We have combined a quantitative surveyand qualitative interviews for our case study.The summary of our conclusions were the following: The studied organizationin the public sector is large, complex, and hierarchical and has a specificresponsibility with roles and permissions and that is why a stagedimplementation with sixth insertion step has been applied. Strengths in theimplementation process were: project methodology planning, gradual entry keypersonnel, and advanced users, testing activities and its own managementstructure. Weaknesses in the implementation process were: leadership, changemanagement, empowerment, education, communication, resource planning,unclear purpose, unclear objectives, and vision that are not communicated tothe employees in the organization. Weaknesses and strengths were summarizedin a proprietary model that shares the implementation process in two parts- thetechnical and the organizational. The decisive factor in the implementationprocess proved to be the organizational part, aspects of which involveorganization and management.

Formål: Dette studie havde til formål at få kundskab om køkkenmedarbejdernes oplevelse af og erfaringer med økologiomlægning i deres køkkener. Desuden var formålet at få indsigt i medarbejdernes oplevelse af undervisningens betydning i forhold til samarbejde og omlægningsningsprocessen. Metode: Der blev indsamlete valueringsskemaer med åbne svarmuligheder udfyldt af 327 kursusdeltagere, samt 50 lederevalueringer ligeledes med åbne besvarelser. Besvarelserne blev behandlet og analyseret med udgangspunkt i kvalitativ indholdsanalyse. Resultat: Studiet viste at medarbejderneoplever økologiomlægning, som en kompleks proces, der kræver ændringer af vaner og praksis. Samsyn blev nævnt somet væsentligt element, herunder en fælles målsætningpå medarbejdernes arbejdsplads, hvor økologien indgår,som en del af arbejdspladsens øvrige mål. Medarbejderneskal kunne se formåletmed økologien,både i relationtil eget køkken/arbejdeog gerne i en større helhed, ligesom de bør inddrages i processen. Samarbejde og kommunikation er gennemgående elementer i processen og bør understøttes. Bæredygtighed og sundhed nævntes, som motivation for hovedparten af medarbejderne. Viden og værktøjer er vigtige for at medarbejderne oplever håndterbarhed i forhold til processen, hvorfor medarbejdernes handlekompetencer og oplevede handlerum børstyrkes. Det gælder også i forhold til de strukturelle rammer,deropleves som udfordringeri forhold til økologiomlægning.Om økologiomlægning ses som mulighed eller udfordring, synes i en hvis grad at afhængeaf individet. Samlet synes undervisningen athave rustet medarbejderne i forhold til,og med bevidstgørelse om processen, men kan dog ikke stå alene, men der peges på behovet for en tydelig og opbakkende ledelse. Konklusion: Studiet viser,at medarbejderne er blevet styrket gennem undervisningsforløbet i forhold til incitament, viden og værktøjer omkring økologiomlægning. Økologien børvære et tydeligt fælles målsætning, som indgår i organisations øvrige mål. Det bør ses som løbende proces, som kontinuerligt skal styrkes blandt andet gennem viden samt opbakning fra en tydelig ledelse. Samtidig er der behov for at udfordre de eksisterende strukturelle rammer for at give større råderum / Aim: In this study,we aimed to learn how kitchen professionals perceiveand experience the transition to organic food. We also aimed to understand how employees view training in relation to collaboration and the transition process. Method: Participants attended a six-daycourse (two time three days) in organic food transition. The course was funded by governmental funds to promote organic food in public kitchens through training. After finished course the course participants (n=327) and leaders (n=50) completed evaluationforms comprising openended answers. All data was examined using qualitative content analysis. Result: Our participants described organic transition as a complex process that requires changesin habits and practice. Participants also mentioned the necessity of perceiving the organic food transition as a commongoal. Our data also shows that employees must be able to link the purpose of transitioning to organic food with their work and how it relates to the larger goal. Although most participants were motivated by sustainability and health issues, they reported that knowledge and instruments contribute importantly to making the process manageable. Participants expressed a need for their action competence and perceived action competency tobe strengthened. This was also mentioned in relation to structural framework, including economy, which were experienced as challenging in relation to the transition. If employees perceive transition as challenging or as opportunity for development likely will depend on the individual. Overall, the course seemed to prepare employees and increase awareness in relation to the process, but employees also expressed a need for a distinct and supportive leadership. Conclusion: We show here that training strengthens employees’ incentive, knowledge, and transitional instruments about the transition. Organic food must provide aclear and common goal that fits in to the overarching goal of the organization. This ongoing process requires continuous learning and distinct leadership support, as well as willingness to challenge the existing structural framework and gain increased latitude in the kitchens. / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-90-4</p>

Les Achats Responsables (AR) constituent indéniablement un sujet d’actualité. Le développement récent de la littérature sur cette thématique montre qu’ils suscitent un intérêt croissant auprès du monde académique. On peut toutefois regretter le déficit de réponses à l’enjeu managérial de leur mise en œuvre opérationnelle. Cette thèse vise donc à combler ce manque en identifiant les antécédents (leviers et les obstacles) à l'adoption d'une démarche d'AR dans l'entreprise. Elle développe un cadre d'analyse original qui considère non seulement l'importance des antécédents intra-organisationnels pour l'adoption pérenne d'une telle démarche mais aussi le rôle clé joué par les relations collaboratives client-fournisseur. Ce cadre d'analyse a fait l'objet d'une validation empirique auprès de cinq grandes entreprises situées à des stades d'avancement distincts de la démarche d'AR.Les résultats montrent que les antécédents intra-organisationnels jouent un rôle critique pour la phase de mise en place et de déploiement, tandis que les antécédents inter-organisationnels (la relation collaborative client-fournisseur) apparaissent essentiels pour la pérennité de l'adoption des AR. Cette recherche apporte des indications pour activer ces leviers au cours du processus d'adoption des AR. Elle aide également les entreprises à évoluer leur niveau d'adoption des AR. / Purchasing Social Responsibility (PSR) is a topic of current interest. Recent literature development on this topic reflects the increasing interest amongst researchers. However, the existing literature fails to provide a comprehensive understanding of the PSR implementation process, which is also an issue of interest from a managerial perspective. This thesis aims to address this gap by identifying the antecedents (drivers and barriers) to PSR adoption process. We provide an original conceptual framework, which identifies intra-organizational antecedents to a sustaining adoption and sheds light on the important role of collaboration in buyer-supplier relationship.The empirical methodology is based on five case-studies with companies at different stages of PSR adoption process.The results show that intra-organizational antecedents play a critical role in achieving the set-up and operating phases, while inter-organizational antecedents (buyer-supplier collaboration) appear to be essential for the sustaining phase. This research provides comprehensive guidance for activating these leverages throughout the PSR implementation process, and it helps firms identify their level of PSR adoption.

A Open Innovation (OI) é uma abordagem emergente que têm despertado cada vez mais o interesse de especialistas e de estudos acadêmicos na área de inovação. Entretanto, a implemen-tação dessa estratégia ainda é desafiadora, especialmente para as Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs). A carência de métodos e processos documentados e estruturados para implementar a OI, também são fatores que causam resistências e desestimulam muitas vezes as empresas. Ou-tro fato é que poucas pesquisas e trabalhos empíricos têm explorado o potencial e influência dos Sistemas Regionais de Inovação (SRIs) na implementação da OI nas empresas. Frente a essa problemática de pesquisa, esta Tese tem como objetivo geral desenvolver um processo de implementação da estratégia Open Innovation voltado para empresas de SRIs. O produto final da Tese é um framework que representa o Processo para Implementação da OI (PIOI). É uma ferramenta gerencial que visa auxiliar e orientar os gestores quanto as etapas, documentos, e forma mais apropriada para conduzir a implementação. Sobretudo, permite a compreensão dos elementos e Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) que interferem na melhoria da capacidade de inovação em PMEs. Este trabalho de Tese está estruturado em sete capítulos, com cinco artigos propostos. O artigo 1 busca identificar os fatores determinantes para a implementação da OI em SRIs. O artigo 2 apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura para identificar os FCS para implementação da OI no âmbito das empresas. No artigo 3, desenvolve-se uma pesquisa apli-cada com 50 empresas de um SRI para diagnosticar as estratégias de inovação e os FCS para implementação da OI. No artigo 4, propõe-se um framework para implementação da OI em PMEs de SRIs. No artigo 5, o framework é testado e avaliado empiricamente através de um estudo de caso de uma empresa. A estrutura metodológica geral da Tese está fundamentada no método de pesquisa construtivista (Design Science Research – DSR). Os artigos abrangem le-vantamento bibliográfico, survey, estudo de caso e pesquisa-ação, e empregam ambos os mé-todos, quantitativo e qualitativo, conforme seus objetivos. A Tese oferece importantes contri-buições acadêmicas e práticas ao abordar os FCS que interferem na implementação da OI, e ao desenvolver um processo para implementação dessa estratégia em PMEs de SRI’s. Além disso, representa uma oportunidade para que as empresas possam transformar e melhorar o seu pro-cesso de desenvolvimento da inovação, implementando mudanças de estratégia e introduzindo estruturas mais colaborativas que suportem novos modelos de negócios. / Open Innovation (OI) is an emerging approach that has increasingly attracted the interest of experts and academic studies in the area of innovation. However, implementing this strategy is still challenging, especially for Small and Medium Companies (PMEs). The lack of documen-ted and structured methods and processes to implement OI are factors that cause resistance and often discourage companies, besides the fact that few empirical studies and research have ex-plored the potential and influence of the Regional Innovation Systems (SRIs) in the implemen-tation of OI in companies. Faced with this research problem, this thesis has as general objective to develop a process of implementation of the Open Innovation strategy directed at SRIs com-panies. The final product is a framework that represents the Process for Implementing OI (PIOI). It is a managerial tool that aims to help and guide managers on the stages, documents, and the most appropriate way to carry out the implementation. Above all, it allows the unders-tanding of the elements and Critical Factors of Success (FCS) that affect the improvement of the innovation capacity of PMEs. The thesis is structured in seven chapters, with five proposed articles. Article 1 seeks to identify the determining factors for the implementation of OI in SRIs. Article 2 presents a systematic review of the literature to identify the FCS for implementing OI in companies. In Article 3 we carry out an applied research with 50 companies in a SRI, in order to diagnose their innovation strategies and the FCS to implement OI. In Article 4, we propose a framework for the implementation of OI in PMEs of SRIs. In Article 5, the framework is empirically tested and evaluated through a company’s case study. The general methodological structure of the thesis is based on the constructivist research method (Design Science Research - DSR). The articles cover literature review, survey, case study and action research, and use both quantitative and qualitative methods, according to their goals. The thesis offers important academic and practical contributions by addressing FCS that affect the implementation of OI, and by developing a process to establish that strategy in PMEs of SRIs. In addition, it represents an opportunity for companies to change and improve their innovation development process by implementing strategy shifts and introducing more collaborative structures that support new business models.

A Open Innovation (OI) é uma abordagem emergente que têm despertado cada vez mais o interesse de especialistas e de estudos acadêmicos na área de inovação. Entretanto, a implemen-tação dessa estratégia ainda é desafiadora, especialmente para as Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs). A carência de métodos e processos documentados e estruturados para implementar a OI, também são fatores que causam resistências e desestimulam muitas vezes as empresas. Ou-tro fato é que poucas pesquisas e trabalhos empíricos têm explorado o potencial e influência dos Sistemas Regionais de Inovação (SRIs) na implementação da OI nas empresas. Frente a essa problemática de pesquisa, esta Tese tem como objetivo geral desenvolver um processo de implementação da estratégia Open Innovation voltado para empresas de SRIs. O produto final da Tese é um framework que representa o Processo para Implementação da OI (PIOI). É uma ferramenta gerencial que visa auxiliar e orientar os gestores quanto as etapas, documentos, e forma mais apropriada para conduzir a implementação. Sobretudo, permite a compreensão dos elementos e Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) que interferem na melhoria da capacidade de inovação em PMEs. Este trabalho de Tese está estruturado em sete capítulos, com cinco artigos propostos. O artigo 1 busca identificar os fatores determinantes para a implementação da OI em SRIs. O artigo 2 apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura para identificar os FCS para implementação da OI no âmbito das empresas. No artigo 3, desenvolve-se uma pesquisa apli-cada com 50 empresas de um SRI para diagnosticar as estratégias de inovação e os FCS para implementação da OI. No artigo 4, propõe-se um framework para implementação da OI em PMEs de SRIs. No artigo 5, o framework é testado e avaliado empiricamente através de um estudo de caso de uma empresa. A estrutura metodológica geral da Tese está fundamentada no método de pesquisa construtivista (Design Science Research – DSR). Os artigos abrangem le-vantamento bibliográfico, survey, estudo de caso e pesquisa-ação, e empregam ambos os mé-todos, quantitativo e qualitativo, conforme seus objetivos. A Tese oferece importantes contri-buições acadêmicas e práticas ao abordar os FCS que interferem na implementação da OI, e ao desenvolver um processo para implementação dessa estratégia em PMEs de SRI’s. Além disso, representa uma oportunidade para que as empresas possam transformar e melhorar o seu pro-cesso de desenvolvimento da inovação, implementando mudanças de estratégia e introduzindo estruturas mais colaborativas que suportem novos modelos de negócios. / Open Innovation (OI) is an emerging approach that has increasingly attracted the interest of experts and academic studies in the area of innovation. However, implementing this strategy is still challenging, especially for Small and Medium Companies (PMEs). The lack of documen-ted and structured methods and processes to implement OI are factors that cause resistance and often discourage companies, besides the fact that few empirical studies and research have ex-plored the potential and influence of the Regional Innovation Systems (SRIs) in the implemen-tation of OI in companies. Faced with this research problem, this thesis has as general objective to develop a process of implementation of the Open Innovation strategy directed at SRIs com-panies. The final product is a framework that represents the Process for Implementing OI (PIOI). It is a managerial tool that aims to help and guide managers on the stages, documents, and the most appropriate way to carry out the implementation. Above all, it allows the unders-tanding of the elements and Critical Factors of Success (FCS) that affect the improvement of the innovation capacity of PMEs. The thesis is structured in seven chapters, with five proposed articles. Article 1 seeks to identify the determining factors for the implementation of OI in SRIs. Article 2 presents a systematic review of the literature to identify the FCS for implementing OI in companies. In Article 3 we carry out an applied research with 50 companies in a SRI, in order to diagnose their innovation strategies and the FCS to implement OI. In Article 4, we propose a framework for the implementation of OI in PMEs of SRIs. In Article 5, the framework is empirically tested and evaluated through a company’s case study. The general methodological structure of the thesis is based on the constructivist research method (Design Science Research - DSR). The articles cover literature review, survey, case study and action research, and use both quantitative and qualitative methods, according to their goals. The thesis offers important academic and practical contributions by addressing FCS that affect the implementation of OI, and by developing a process to establish that strategy in PMEs of SRIs. In addition, it represents an opportunity for companies to change and improve their innovation development process by implementing strategy shifts and introducing more collaborative structures that support new business models.

BACKGROUND. Researcher have identified a relevance for profit-seeking new ventures to implement “Business Sustainability 3.0” standards in order to face current social and environmental challenges, like scarcity of resources. Research, moreover, suggest that new ventures would me more open to implementing the standards of “Business Sustainability 3.0”. The authors of this thesis initiate this field of research in the context of a new venture in the form of a single case study. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation process of “Business Sustainability 3.0” standards in a new venture. The aim is to identify challenges in the implementation process and how they can be approached by new ventures. METHODOLOGY. The implementation process of “Business Sustainability 3.0” standards was researched based on a single case study in a new venture striving to achieve the standards. The authors conducted a semi-structure interview with a sustainability manager within the company. The empirical data was analyzed based on the translation process of the Actor-Network Theory. RESULTS. The authors conclude that a new venture cope with “Business Sustainability 3.0” by making use of being a new venture founded with a specific purpose and by addressing challenges that appear during the implementation process. Two measures are suggested to support addressing these challenges: striving for transparency and internalizing the standards for the company’s compartments. The Actor-Network translation process is considered to be a suitable method when analyzing the integration process of “Business Sustainability 3.0”.

This diploma thesis covers the procedure of process optimalization within the project of design and implementation of automatic identification system in DTZ Liberec s.r.o. The theoretical part defines the general scope of business processes, their management and improvement. Furthermore, it gives an account of the fundaments of project management and presents the basic technologies of automatic identification, as well as possibilities for its use. The practical part describes the project and presents its outcomes. After introduction into company's situation, basic issues connected with project team assembly are outlined. The core of the practical part covers the identification of processes in areas, where automatic identification is being implemented, definition of specifics of their use and design of process changes with the goal of increasing their efficiency. In conclusion, the values of process measurement indicators, gained within the test run of the implemente system, are presented. The goal of the thesis is to propose process optimalization in chosen company using automatic identification technology.

The emergence of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), is transforming society and changing fundamental beliefs about money, value judgments, and enterprise implications. AI is becoming increasingly prevalent, serving as an exceptional advisor and an omniscient informant. While AI offers great potential to tackle serious global issues, such as climate change, food security, and healthcare, there are also potential hazards and ethical concerns that require careful consideration.  The manufacturing industry is grappling with the complexities of improving efficiency, but there is hope in the form of AI. The industry's intricate nature, with variations and interactions among system members, presents challenges in streamlining processes. However, the rapid transformation brought about by new technologies like AI offers opportunities to enhance competitiveness and efficiency. AI can automate operations, optimise production processes, and provide valuable insights that humans may struggle to generate alone. By implementing AI in supply chain management (SCM), companies can mitigate risks and reduce errors, delays, and wastage. AI can also contribute to predictive maintenance, minimising downtime and costly repairs, while process optimization can streamline operations and maximise productivity. Embracing AI in the manufacturing sector holds immense potential for increased productivity, profitability, and overall success. It is crucial to develop specific knowledge and understanding about AI to ensure effective implementation and high-quality decision-making in the future.  Providing guidance for the future of AI is crucial, as it holds the promise of solving significant problems and driving innovation. However, its implementation can also present challenges for companies. Accurate forecasting and understanding the implications of AI are essential for navigating this landscape. The successful usage of AI hinges on effective implementation, particularly in complex environments like the supply chain (SC). Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to provide insights and deeper knowledge on how integrating AI into SCM can enhance its operations. By using a qualitative method and the grounded theory in order to analyse the data collection, we have discovered how the implementation of AI can improve SCM as well as its drawbacks. The implementation of AI has the potential to revolutionise production processes, streamline operations, and improve decision-making and forecasting, leading to increased prosperity and cost savings for companies. However, it is important to acknowledge and address several challenges and considerations to ensure the successful implementation of AI. Mainly, the implementation of AI comes at the cost of complex integration, time consuming strategizing and costly investments into the system.  Our results highlight the importance for companies to not only implement AI, but integrate it, in order for successful utilisation. Unlike prior research, this study highlights the dynamic nature and variations in SCM operations and the challenges practitioners encounter. In addition, the study confirms previous findings on the positive impacts of AI, such as enhanced productivity, cost reduction, and improved decision-making. However, it emphasises the significant costs and time commitments involved in implementing AI, creating decision-making obstacles for companies. This underscores the importance of thoroughly evaluating the anticipated benefits of AI in relation to the initial investment and time constraints.

Syftet med studien är att bidra till ökad kunskap kring implementering av lagen om omställningsstudiestöd (SFS 2022:856). I studien särskiljs implementeringsobjekt och implementeringsprocess i syfte att undersöka huruvida implementeringsobjektets egenskaper främjar eller hämmar implementeringsprocessen. Kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts med rådgivare, även kallade frontbyråkrater, inom svenska omställningsorganisationer som arbetar med omställningsstudiestödet. Vid analysen av det empiriska materialet används Vedungs (2016) påverkansfaktorer i implementeringsprocesser i kombination med Lundquists (1992) tre förutsättningar för lyckade implementeringar. Studiens resultat visar att en central del av lagen om omställningsstudiestöd är svårtolkad på grund av att den är otydligt formulerad. Otydligheten ligger i avvägningen mellan individens behov och arbetsmarknadens behov. Implementeringsprocessen tycks dock inte hämmas av otydligheten. Studien bidrar med ökad förståelse för faktorer som påverkar implementering av nationell policy. Denna kunskap är relevant för alla yrkesgrupper som i sitt arbete har att förhålla sig till nya lagar, förordningar och föreskrifter. Vidare bidrar studien med sex förslag till framtida forskning inom det aktuella området. / The purpose of the study is to contribute to increased knowledge regarding the implementation of the law on omställningsstudiestöd (SFS 2022:856). In the study, implementation object and implementation process are distinguished to investigate whether the characteristics of the implementation object promote or inhibit the implementation process. Qualitative interviews have been conducted with advisors, also called street-level bureaucrats, within Swedish transition organizations that work with omställningsstudiestödet. In the analysis of the empirical material, a combination of Vedung's (2016) influencing factors in implementation processes and Lundquist's (1992) three prerequisites for successful implementations are used. The study's results show that a central part of the law on omställningsstudiestöd is difficult to interpret because it is unclearly worded. The ambiguity lies in the balance between the needs of the individual and the needs of the labor market. However, the implementation process does not seem to be hampered by the lack of clarity. The study contributes with increased understanding of factors that influence the implementation of national policy. This knowledge is relevant for all professional groups that in their work must deal with new laws, ordinances and regulations. Furthermore, the study contributes six proposals for further research in the relevant area.