Ratificeringen av barnkonventionen i Argentina var en följd av att staten visade ett stort engagemang för att arbeta med att främja mänskliga rättigheter. Detta engagemang berodde till stor del på att Argentina under flera år tidigare hade styrts av en militärdiktatur. Men staten gjorde efter ratificeringen inga större ansträngningar för att tillämpa barnkonventionen i praktiken. Frivilligorganisationer i landet etablerade sig därmed som det organ som tog över det största ansvaret med att arbeta för barns rättigheter när staten inte gjorde det. Tidigare forskning visar att det saknas forskning på hur barnkonventionen tillämpas i praktiken. För att bidra till att fylla denna kunskapslucka har vårt syfte med studien varit att undersöka vilken påverkan frivilligorganisationer i Buenos Aires, Argentina beskriver att de har för efterlevnaden av barnkonventionen, samt hur de arbetar efter den. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer har sex intervjupersoner på olika frivilligorganisationer i Buenos Aires delat med sig av hur de arbetar med barns rättigheter. Den insamlande empirin har sedan analyserats med hjälp av barndomssociologin samt Esping-Andersens teori om välfärdsstatsregimer. Resultatet visar att organisationerna på olika sätt arbetar med barns rättigheter i linje med barnkonventionen, även om inte alla organisationer arbetade medvetet utefter den. Däremot framkommer det att organisationerna själva anser att det är svårt att följa konventionen fullt ut på grund av att de har brist på resurser och för att fattigdomen är så utbredd i landet att de främst behöver tillgodose grundläggande behov som mat och omsorg. Eftersom barn- och familjefrågor inte prioriteras inom landets politik får frivilligorganisationer en viktig roll att säkerställa de rättigheter som staten inte tillgodoser.

My doctoral research has explored how young children’s participation was put into practice—how it was ‘lived’ and negotiated—in the context of one early learning and childcare setting. The concept of children’s participation is rooted in large part in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), which enshrines children’s right to express their views and have those views taken into account. However, young children’s participation rights are often overlooked. The more prominent discourse about young children has been one that focuses on early childhood as a preparatory period of life, in which adults must intervene and shape children’s development. My research has therefore focused on child-adult relationships within the early childhood setting, looking at how young children and early childhood practitioners ‘lived’ children’s participation and negotiated the tensions and challenges that arose for them. To carry out the research, I used an ethnographic methodology to study one fieldwork site in depth. ‘Castle Nursery’ was an early learning and childcare setting in Scotland, where practitioners professed to work in participatory ways with young children. The long-term nature of ethnography allowed me to observe how children’s participation was lived and negotiated at Castle Nursery over an eight-month period of fieldwork. The research found that practitioners challenged adult-led, ‘schoolified’ practices by foregrounding young children’s knowledge and contributions to the setting. Children’s participation was embedded into play-based pedagogy at Castle Nursery, with practitioners organising time and space to allow young children a great deal of influence over their daily experiences. Rather than planning adult-led learning activities, practitioners instead cultivated a rich learning environment for children to explore, through free-flow play. The thesis has also highlighted a variety of tensions and challenges that arose. Even at Castle Nursery, where practitioners were proud of the ways their work challenged conventional norms about young children, there were limits to how far practitioners would take a participatory approach. The thesis has particularly highlighted the importance of reflective practices about the ethical dimensions of early childhood practice. Uncertainty seemed to be an inevitable and enduring feature of living young children’s participation.

Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child recognised children’s human right to participate in decisions that affect them. Yet, twenty-five years after ratification, children’s participation remains frequently problematic in practice. This thesis examines the practice of NGOs that have been implementing children’s participation at the community level for more than ten years in two specific settings: Tamil Nadu (in south India) and Scotland (UK). The thesis is an explorative study; it examines the findings through two case studies (one in each country). Each case study involved observations/informal discussions and semi-structured interviews with children and staff members from the NGOs. Relevant documents were obtained and scrutinised. The analysis of the empirical data uses three concepts: competencies, child-adult relationships and influence to illuminate and analyse the implementation of children’s participation within the two case studies. Firstly, the empirical analysis highlights that children within children’s participation projects acquired knowledge and skills and then applied them in particular situations within the participation projects (personal and social competencies). Nevertheless, the two case studies showed that adults’ crucial role in legitimising children’s competencies can either facilitate or block children’s participation. Secondly, the child-staff/adults’ relationships were not enough to be considered as the hierarchy within the organisation’s social order was needed to be analysed to have ‘successful’ participation projects. Thirdly, Lundy (2007) provides a model for how adults can be more accountable to children and enhance children’s influence over decision-making in their communities, but some missing elements can undermine the extent to which children’s views are appropriately acted upon. Based on a modification of Lundy’s model, this thesis proposes a tripartite collaborative and intergenerational framework involving the relationships between children and adults in power facilitated by staff members. The thesis contributes to debates about children’s participation by arguing that implementing children’s participation requires a relational and contextual focus on collaboration and intergenerational dialogue. The thesis makes recommendations for practitioners and decision-makers on how to deploy Lundy’s modified perspective to implement children’s constructive participation at the local level.

This thesis focuses on the problem of learning processes in an organization that has decided to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It is based on an assumption that there is interdependency between learning about the CRC and its implementation. The aim is to understand the conditions for individual learning and group learning in the organization. The empirical material consists of 52 interviews, notes and written material from the UN, the Swedish government, and regional levels. The research design is qualitative and the method used is abduction and retroduction. Sensitizing concepts have also been used. The regional context is a county council which has decided to implement the CRC by educating a "pilot-group", and whose task will be to integrate the CRC in the organization. The theoretical frame is mainly constructivistic; learning is an "inside-out" process. It is the individual who does the learning, but these individuals meet in the pilot-group and create knowledge based on their own experiences. The most significant results point out that learning about the CRC is a prerequisite for implementation. Once the individuals have learned about the CRC and how to understand and interpret its implicantions, they also know what has to be done in the administration in order to speed upp and secure implementation. Other important results show how the individuals act depending on to their position in the organization. The administration directors show passive resistence by not including the question on the agenda. The operations managers show active resistence by not taking the CRC into consideration in their contracts "because then you have to show what you have accomplished".

No description available.

Η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία εστιάζει στο κοινωνικό φαινόμενο του σχολικού εκφοβισμού καθώς και στη διάσταση του ως ζήτημα που άπτεται των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων του παιδιού, όπως προκύπτει από τις μορφές και τις συνέπειες αυτού. Σκοπός της ήταν η διερεύνηση των βιωμένων εμπειριών εκφοβισμού μεταξύ μαθητών που έχουν ζήσει οι εκπαιδευτικοί δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης του Ν. Αχαΐας. Η μελέτη στηρίχθηκε σε μία ποιοτική προσέγγιση με χρήση της ημιδομημένης συνέντευξης ως ερευνητικής μεθόδου, μέσω της οποίας επιχειρήσαμε να ανακαλύψουμε τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι ίδιοι οι εκπαιδευτικοί συγκροτούν τις αφηγήσεις τους για τα περιστατικά εκφοβισμού που έχουν βιώσει. Η ποιοτική ανάλυση των δεδομένων, που προέκυψαν από τις αφηγήσεις των εκπαιδευτικών, καταδεικνύει το γεγονός ότι αν και οι ομιλητές επιστρατεύουν τους κοινωνικοποιητικούς μηχανισμούς της οικογένειας, του σχολείου και της παρέας ως ταξινομητικά σχήματα οργάνωσης του φαινομένου, οι βιογραφίες τους αποτελούν τον πόρο από τον οποίο αντλούν για να οργανώσουν την αντιμετώπισή του. / The present work focuses on the social phenomenon of bullying and also on its aspect as a matter of fundamental rights of the child, as it appears from the forms and consequences. The aim of the research was to explore the lived experiences of bullying among students, who have proved the secondary school teachers of Achaia. The study was based on a qualitative approach using semi-structured interview as a research method, through which we attempted to investigate the way teachers compose their narratives through their stories about bullying they have experienced. The qualitative analysis of data that derived from the narratives of teachers shows that although the speakers employ their socialization mechanisms of family, school and peers as classifier organization schemes phenomenon, their biographies constitute the resource that derives from to organize the intervention at the bullying phenomenon.

No description available.

Vaikai – viena labiausiai pažeidžiamų visuomenės grupių, todėl vis didesnis dėmesys skiriamas vaikų padėčiai ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir visame pasaulyje. Nuolatiniai pokyčiai įvairiose valstybės, visuomenės ir kiekvieno jos nario gyvenimo srityse, nauji laikmečio iššūkiai, reikalauja pokyčių vaiko teisių apsaugos srityje, skatina peržiūrėti taikomus ir ieškoti naujų būdų ir priemonių gerinti ir stiprinti vaiko teisių apsaugą. Bakalauro baigiamojo darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti vaiko teisių apsaugos politikos įgyvendinimą Plungės rajono savivaldybėje ir apibrėžti jo tobulinimo galimybes. Pirmiausia darbe, analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą ir dokumentus, atskleidžiama vaiko teisių apsaugos politikos samprata, nagrinėjamas šios politikos įgyvendinimas tarptautiniu, nacionaliniu ir vietos lygmenimis. Darbe analizuojamas Lietuvos vaiko teisių apsaugos teisinis reglamentavimas ir sukurta institucijų sistema. Atlikus dokumentų analizę, matyti, kad Lietuvoje svarbiausią vietą vaiko teisių apsaugos institucijų sistemoje užima savivaldybių vaiko teisių apsaugos skyriai. Atliekant tyrimą buvo pasirinkti du tyrimo metodai – dokumentų analizė bei interviu. Šiais metodais siekta nustatyti kokią veiklą Skyrius vykdo ir su kokiomis problemomis susiduria įgyvendindamas vaiko teisių apsaugos politiką. Apibendrinant tyrimo rezultatus, paaiškėjo, kad didžiausios vaiko teisių apsaugos skyriaus problemos, įgyvendinant vaiko teisių apsaugos politiką, yra žmogiškųjų išteklių stoka, dideli darbo krūviai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Children are one of the most vulnerable groups of society; therefore, the increasing attention is paid to the situation of children not only in Lithuania, but also in all over the world. Permanent changes in various states, society and each of its member’s life, the challenges of the new era, require changes in the protection of child rights, promote to review applicable and new ways and means to improve and strengthen the protection of child rights. The objective of the Bachelor’s thesis is to analyse the implementation of the protection of child rights policies in Plunge District Municipality and define the opportunities for the improvement. First of all, by analysing the scientific literature and documents, the protection of child rights policy concept is disclosed, the implementation of this policy at the international, national and local levels is analysed. The thesis analyses the protection of child rights legal regulation in Lithuania and the system created by the institutions. After the analysis of documents, it appeared that in Lithuania the most important place, in the protection of child rights institutional system, takes the local child protection departments. During the study, two methods were chosen – analysis of documents and interviews. By using these methods, it is tried to identify the activities implemented by department and the problems faced in implementing the protection of child rights policies. Summary of the research results showed, that the largest... [to full text]

Problem background: There has been an extensive amount of research done within the field of learning among children. Research regarding the teaching and the context of which this research is aimed to be performed on, is on the other hand scarcer. Costa Rica is one of the countries that has focused on human rights, and with this background, this thesis intends to study how the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is communicated to children in Costa Rica. We will preform our study on two types of schools; both private and public. We will also examine the impact the context has on communication for teachers when instructing about children’s rights. Purpose: We aim to study the development communication and contexts of which the principles of the CRC are communicated and taught to school children in Costa Rica.  Method: This thesis contains qualitative research. We have relied upon conversational interviews with a hermeneutical approach. Conclusion: This thesis clearly indicates that choice of communication channel has an impact on the interaction between teachers and pupils. Digitized channels are effective in the sense of speed and quantity of information regarding the CRC. However, the context in which the pupils receive and the teachers teach about the CRC is of great importance. The teachers experience many difficulties when teaching since the context not only builds barriers but also challenges them to find more creative ways of teaching. The material used when communicating the CRC varied depending on the economic status of the school. The children wanted and expected technology and digitalization to be a fundamental part of their education.

This study examines what frames the Swedish Lev Upp till Barnkonventionen campaign use, and whether the frames are in accordance to the frames suggested by Keck and Sikkink in their award-winning book Activists Beyond Borders. The Swedish Lev Upp till Barnkonventionen campaign is the only campaign in Sweden that aims to promote the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child into Swedish law. It started in 2009 as a network driven by 7 organizations, UNICEF, BRIS, World Childhood Foundation, Swedish Save the Children (Rädda Barnen), ECPAT, Plan Sverige and SOS-Barnbyar, together with the Swedish Children‟s Ombudsman (Barnombudsman). An ideational analysis of the texts, that the campaign uses to appeal to society and persuade, shows that four frames are frequently used within the campaign. Two of the frames are in accordance with the proposed frames, being "bodily harm to innocent and vulnerable people" and "legal inequality". The other two frames set the problem to be poverty/economic vulnerability or psychological harm. Although, all four frames identified follow the three parts a frame should include according to Keck and Sikkink – a problem, a cause with a short causal chain and a specific type of action to solve the problem. This study has contributed with another case study to the limited amount of cases that study how international norms are framed in national contexts. Furthermore, this study has discovered that Sweden, although is using other frames too, use the frames that Keck and Sikkink have proposed.