Community colleges are in a unique position in the hierarchy of higher education. They provide quality education at an affordable price. They are strategically located in communities to provide educational opportunities for everyone. The latest prediction is that enrollment at two-year institutions is expected to increase from 5.7 million students to 6.3 million students by 2012 (Gerald & Hussar, 2002). However, research indicates that the retention and transfer rates of community college students are low. This is problematic due to the increased calls for accountability on the national education agenda which are linked to student outcomes. This is astounding for a system with a foundational belief in self-development and an unquenchable mission to provide postsecondary access to people who would likely not attend college if such avenues did not exist. Fortunately, there is one aspect of this statistic that brings renewed optimism to the university transfer mission of community colleges. Eightyive percent of Phi Theta Kappa members transfer to a four-year institution. Currently more than 600 colleges and universities in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Canada, and London offer more than $36 million in transfer scholarships to Phi Theta Kappa members (www.ptk.org). This study examined the experiences of those students who are members of Phi Theta Kappa in an effort to identify ways to recruit and retain students and increase the transfer percentage for community college students. The Community College Student Experiences Questionnaire was used to examine their community college experiences quantitatively. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations were used to analyze the data. Results of this study indicated that the Phi Theta Kappans were attending their community college to prepare for transfer to a four-year college or university. As anticipated, the Phi Theta Kappans were more involved in activities related to their courses and computer technology. The Quality of Effort scale indicated a low level of engagement in cultural activities. An unexpected finding was that there was no statistical significant difference in student satisfaction based on age, sex, or gender. Additionally, the students were satisfied with their community college environment.

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Community college completion rates have remained stagnate over the past decade; therefore, college leaders and policy makers continue to seek institutional factors that positively affect graduation rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society (PTKHS), the nation’s largest and oldest honor society for community college students. The completion rates of PTKHS members and rates of other students were investigated using simple statistical procedures for determining significance of differences in proportions. Data sources included published data from the National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System surveys, the National Student Clearinghouse, and Beginning Postsecondary Student Longitudinal Study. Results indicate completion gaps between PTKHS and other community college students were substantially high, so much so in fact, that tests of significance were not needed to assist the audience of this research in determining the definite impact of PTKHS on student success.

yes / An analytic representation with Theta functions on a torus, for systems with variables in ℤ(d), is considered. Another analytic representation with Theta functions on a strip, for systems with positions in a circle S and momenta in Z, is also considered. The reproducing kernel formalism for these two systems is studied. Wigner and Weyl functions in this language, are also studied.

Current eastern wild turkey (<I>Meleagris gallopavo silvestris</I>) harvest models assume density-independent population dynamics despite indications that populations are subject to a form of density dependence. I suggest that both density-dependent and independent factors operate simultaneously on wild turkey populations, where the relative strength of each is governed by population density. I attempt to estimate the form of the density dependence relationship in wild turkey population growth using the theta-Ricker model. Density-independent relationships are explored between production and rainfall and temperature correlates for possible inclusion in the harvest model. Density-dependent and independent effects are then combined in the model to compare multiple harvest strategies. To estimate a functional relationship between population growth and density, I fit the theta-Ricker model to harvest index time-series from 11 state wildlife agencies. To model density-independent effects on population growth, I explored the ability of rainfall, temperature, and mast during the nesting and brooding season to predict observed production indices for 7 states. I then built a harvest model incorporating estimates to determine their influence on the mean and variability of the fall and spring harvest. Estimated density-dependent growth rates produced a left-skewed yield curve maximized at ~40% of carrying capacity, with large residuals. Density-independent models of production varied widely and were characterized by high model uncertainty. Results indicate a non-linear density dependence effect strongest at low population densities. High residuals from the model fit indicate that extrinsic factors will overshadow density-dependent factors at most population densities. However, environmental models were weak, requiring more data with higher precision. This indicates that density-independence can be correctly and more easily modeled as random error. The constructed model uses both density dependence and density-independent stochastic error as a tool to explore harvest strategies for biologists. The inclusion of weak density dependence changes expected harvest rates little from density-independent models. However, it does lower the probability of overharvest at low densities. Alternatives to proportional harvesting are explored to reduce the uncertainty in annual harvests. / Ph. D.

A submerged-media biological aerated filter (BAF) has been studied to 1) evaluate oxygen transfer kinetics under conditions without biological growth and 2) determine the influence of biological growth on the rate of oxygen transfer. Collectively, the study evaluates the rates of supply and consumption of oxygen in BAFs. The mass-transfer characteristics of a submerged-media BAF were initially determined over a wide range of gas and liquid flow rates without the presence of bacteria. The mass-transfer coefficients (KLa(T)) were measured using a nitrogen gas stripping method and were found to increase as both gas and liquid superficial velocities increase, with values ranging from approximately 40 to 380 h??. The effect of parameters including the gas and liquid velocities, dirty water to clean water ratio, and temperature dependence was successfully correlated within +/- 20% of the experimental KLa value. The effects of the media size and gas holdup fractions were also investigated. Stagnant gas holdup did not significantly influence the rate of oxygen transfer. Dynamic gas holdup and the difference between total and stagnant gas holdup were found to increase with an increase in gas velocity. Neither liquid velocity nor liquid temperature was determined to have a significant impact on gas holdup. A tertiary nitrification BAF pilot unit was then operated for 5 months downstream of a secondary treatment unit at a domestic wastewater treatment facility. The study investigated the oxygen transfer capabilities of the nitrifying unit with high oxygen demand requirements through a series of aeration process tests and explored the presence of oxygen transfer enhancements by further analyzing the actual transfer mechanism limitations. It was determined that (assuming OTE equals 20 percent) aerating the BAF pilot unit based on the stoichiometric aeration demand resulted in overaeration of the unit, especially at lower pollutant loading rates. Endogenous respiration contributed to only 2 to 7 percent of the total oxygen demand with regions of biomass activity changing with varying loading conditions. An enhanced oxygen transfer factor was determined in the biologically active pilot. Although it cannot be definitively concluded that the observed oxygen transfer factor is either due to biological activity or not simply an artifact of measurement/analysis techniques, the enhancement factor can be mathematically accounted for by either an increase in the KLa factor or the associated driving force using a proposed enhanced bubble theory. / Master of Science

Wir können Mathematikleistungen über fluide Intelligenz (FI) vorhersagen. Der Einfluss von FI auf kognitive Prozesse und neuronale Mechanismen, die mathematischen Fähigkeiten in verschiedenen Teildisziplinen zugrunde liegen, ist jedoch wenig verstanden. Vorliegende Arbeit spezifiziert FI-bezogene Unterschiede in diesen Prozessen und Mechanismen beim Lösen von Geometrie-, Arithmetik- und Algebra-Aufgaben. Mithilfe eines multimethodalen Ansatzes beleuchtet sie das Zusammenspiel zwischen FI, Leistung und Faktoren wie Aufgabenkomplexität, Lernen und Strategiewahl, die kognitive Prozesse und Anforderungen beim Problemlösen beeinflussen. Leistungsunterschiede wurden durch Messung von Reaktionszeiten und Fehlerraten, Strategien durch Augenbewegungsanalyse erfasst. Als Indikator kortikaler Aktivität diente die ereigniskorrelierte (De-)Synchronisation (ERD/ERS) im Alpha-Band. Um kognitive Prozesse zu unterscheiden, haben wir die ERD/ERS im Theta-Band und den Alpha-Unterbändern einbezogen. Beim Lösen unvertrauter geometrischer Analogien zeichnete sich hohe FI durch verstärkte Verarbeitung visuell-räumlicher Informationen zum Repräsentieren von Merkmalszusammenhängen aus. Schüler mit hoher FI passten ihre Strategiewahl den Anforderungen flexibler an. Erstmals konnten wir durch trialweise Identifikation von Strategien FI-bezogene Unterschiede in der neuronalen Effizienz der Strategieausführung feststellen. Beim Lösen vertrauter arithmetischer und algebraischer Terme zeigten sich bei Schülern mit hoher im Vergleich zu Schülern mit durchschnittlicher FI geringere Anforderungen zur Aktualisierung numerischer Repräsentationen und eine bessere Leistung in komplexen Aufgaben. Weitere Analysen legen nahe, dass Schüler mit hoher FI Zusammenhänge in der Aufgabenstruktur besser erkennen und passende Routinen abrufen können. Die Fähigkeit Zusammenhangsrepräsentationen zu bilden könnte demnach ein Schlüsselaspekt zur Erklärung FI-abhängiger Unterschiede in mathematischen Fähigkeiten sein. / Fluid intelligence (FI) is a strong predictor of mathematical performance. However, the impact of FI on cognitive processes and neural mechanisms underlying differences in mathematical abilities across different subdivisions is not well understood. The present work specifies FI-related differences in these processes and mechanisms for students solving geometric, arithmetic, and algebraic problems. We chose a multi-methodological approach to shed light on the interplay between FI, performance, and factors such as task complexity, learning, and strategy selection that influence cognitive processes and task demands in problem-solving. We measured response times and error rates to evaluate performance, eye movements to identify solution strategies, and the event-related (de-)synchronization (ERD/ERS) in the broad alpha band as indicator of general cortical activity. Further, we considered the ERD/ERS in the theta band and the alpha sub-bands to distinguish between associated cognitive processes. For unfamiliar geometric analogy tasks, students with high FI built relational representations based on a more intense processing of spatial information. Strategy analyses revealed a more adaptive strategy choice in response to increasing task demands compared to students with average FI. Further, we conducted the first study identifying strategies and related cortical activity trial-wise and thereby identified FI-related differences in the neural efficiency of strategy execution. For solving familiar arithmetic and algebraic problems, high compared to average FI was associated with lower demands on the updating of numbers leading to a better performance in complex tasks. Further analyses suggest that students with high FI had an advantage to identify the relational structure of the problems and to retrieve routines that match this structure. Thus, the ability to build relational representations might be one key aspect explaining FI-related difference in mathematical abilities.

Les courbes algébriques sont des objets centraux de la géométrie algébrique. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions ces objets sous différents angles de la géométrie algébrique tels que la géométrie algébrique effective et la géométrie arithmétique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous étudions les courbes non-hyperelliptiques de genre g et leurs jacobiennes liées par l’intermédiaire de diviseurs thêta caractéristiques. Ces derniers contiennent des propriétés géométriques extrinsèques qui permettent de calculer les constantes thêta. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous nous concentrons sur les courbes hyperelliptiques de genre 2 et leur surface de Kummer associée avec une motivation cryptographique. Dans le troisième et dernier chapitre, nous étudions les revêtements doubles non-ramifiés des courbes non-hyperelliptiques de genre g pour obtenir des informations sur le p-rang. / Algebraic curves are central objects in algebraic geometry. In this thesis, we consider these objects from different angles of algebraic geometry such as computational algebraic geometry and arithmetic geometry. In the first chapter, we study non-hyperelliptic curves of genus g and their Jacobians linked via theta characteristic divisors. Such divisors provide extrinsic geometric properties which allow us to compute theta constants. In the second chapter, we focus on hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 and the associated Kummer surface with a cryptographic motivation. In the third and final chapter, we examine unramified double covers of non-hyperelliptic curves of genus g to obtain information about p-rank.

Les proteïnes bacterianes associades al nucleoide (NAPs) juguen un paper clau en l’organització, la replicació, la segregació, la reparació i l’expressió del cromosoma. L’estudi de nous membres de les famílies de NAPs, així com de proteïnes paràlogues a les ja conegudes, és important per entendre millor el seu paper biològic. Aquest projecte d’investigació té com a objectiu avançar en l’estudi de paràlegs a Escherichia coli de la proteïna Hha. Les proteïnes objecte d’estudi han estat YdgT, la subunitat θ de l’ADN polimerasa III (també anomenada en aquest treball HolE) i la proteïna YmgB. Pel que fa referència a YdgT, proteïna considerada fins al moment paràloga d’Hha, s’ha dut a terme una anàlisi transcriptòmica de mutants hha i ydgT per tal de comparar els corresponents patrons d’expressió gènica. Els mutants senzills hha i ydgT mostren un patró d’expressió gènica més diferent del que s’esperaria. De fet, el patró del mutant hha conté molts gens induïts mentre que en el mutant ydgT la majoria estan reprimits. Per tant, en general Hha té una funció repressora mentre que YdgT actuaria principalment com un activador. Dins del capítol dedicat a l’anàlisi de mutants hha i ydgT i durant l’estudi del fenotip del doble mutant hha ydgT, es van obtenir uns resultats prou rellevants com per ser considerats un nou apartat dins del present treball. Es tracta de la detecció i anàlisi de l’origen de clons no hemolítics que apareixen en mutants hha ydgT portadors del plasmidi hemolític pANN202-312R en plaques d’agar sang que contenen l’antibiòtic kanamicina. La presència de kanamicina (marcador de la mutació hha) és la causant de l’aparició de colònies sense halo d’hemòlisi. En el present estudi s’han identificat les regions per on es produeix l’escissió i s’ha observat que pertanyen a seqüències d'inserció IS91 parcials. Aquest procés s’ha estudiat també en una soca salvatge amb un plasmidi parental de baix número de còpies (pHly152) en presència de concentracions subinhibitòries de kanamicina i d’ampicil•lina. Pel que fa a la subunitat θ del nucli de l’ADN polimerasa III, s’ha detectat una similitud estructural amb la proteïna associada al nucleoide Hha. En aquest cas, també s’ha realitzat l’anàlisi transcriptòmica del mutant en aquesta subunitat (holE). Això ha permès comprovar que el conjunt de gens alterats en un mutant holE és molt més similar al del mutant ydgT que al del mutant hha. Una part significativa dels gens comuns alterats en els mutants holE i ydgT pertanyen a operons de motilitat, seqüències intergèniques i ARN petits. Aquests resultats i la recent publicació dels estudis que relacionen la sobreexpressió d’ydgT amb la complementació del fenotip de recuperació de la polaritat transcripcional en mutants rho, han permès atribuir també a la subunitat θ de l’ADN polimerasa III un paper en processos de terminació prematura de la transcripció. En el cas de la proteïna YmgB, els estudis duts a terme en aquest treball estableixen noves relacions entre aquesta proteïna i les proteïnes associades al nucleoide H-NS/Hha. Els resultats més interessants que aporta aquest treball s’han obtingut sobreexpressant ymgB. L’anàlisi de l’efecte de la sobreexpressió d’ymgB sobre el patró d’expressió de proteïnes ha permès evidenciar la regulació d’enzims relacionats amb la resistència a l’àcid (lisina descarboxilasa i glutamat descarboxilasa) i de la proteïna ribosomal L2, la qual sembla jugar un paper en la traducció. A més, la sobreexpressió d’ymgB té efectes sobre l’expressió de les proteïnes associades al nucleoide H-NS i Hha, així com sobre l’expressió de gens regulats per aquestes (bgl, proU i hly). / The bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) play a key role in the organization, replication, segregation, repair and expression of the chromosome. The study of new members of NAP families, as well as paralogue proteins of the ones which are already known, is important in order to understand their biological roles better. This research project aims to advance the study of paralogues of protein Hha in Escherichia coli. The proteins which were studied were YdgT, the θ subunit of DNA polymerase III and the protein YmgB. With regard to YdgT, a protein considered until now a paralogue of Hha, we carried out a transcriptomic analysis of hha and ydgT mutants and we compared the corresponding patterns of gene expression. We found out that in general Hha has a repressor function, while YdgT acts mainly as an activator. In the chapter which is dedicated to the analysis of hha and ydgT mutants and during the study of the phenotype of the double mutant hha ydgT, we obtained results relevant enough to be considered as a new section in the present work. This is the detection and analysis of the origin of non-hemolytic clones appearing in hha ydgT mutants carrying the hemolytic plasmid pANN202 312R in blood agar plates containing the antibiotic Kanamycin. Looking at the θ subunit of DNA polymerase III, initially we could detect a structural similarity to the Hha protein. In this case, we also performed a transcriptomic analysis of the mutant in this subunit (holE). This has revealed that the set of genes altered in a holE mutant is much more similar to the set of the ydgT mutant than the one of the hha mutant. A significant proportion of common genes altered in the holE and ydgT mutants belongs to motility operons, intergenic sequences and small RNA. These results and the recent publication of studies that link overexpression of ydgT to the complementation of the phenotype of recovery of transcriptional polarity in rho mutants, have allowed us to attribute to HolE a role in the process of premature transcription termination. Finally and regarding the protein YmgB, research conducted in this study establishes new relationships between this protein and nucleoid-associated proteins H-NS/Hha. The most interesting results provided by this study were obtained by overexpressing ymgB.