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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Managing suppliers beyond tier 1: An exploration of motivations and strategies leading to a normative model

Wang, Ping 22 June 2007 (has links)
No description available.
12

CDS and the forecasting of bank default / CDS et la prévision du défaut des banques

Thorez, Eric 10 October 2017 (has links)
A partir d’une analyse du défaut des banques et de la régulation au travers des notations de crédits (et des agences de notation), des modèles portant sur les CDS, de Bâle III et du capital insurance, nous trouvons que les spécificités des CDS en font un bon candidat pour prévoir (et idéalement empêcher) les défauts potentiels des banques. En effet, grâce aux propriétés (financières et économiques) des CDS, ainsi qu’aux résultats d’études empiriques, nous montrons qu’ils reflètent correctement le comportement des risques des banques et qu’ils ont capté les changements informationnels plus rapidement que les notations de crédits qui sont restées relativement constantes durant 2007 et 2008.Ainsi, en utilisant un déclencheur ad hoc basé sur les CDS et l’action appropriée si le déclencheur venait à s’activer, nous pourrions empêcher le défaut d’une banque. Et la compréhension du mécanisme afférent au capital contingent est d’un grand intérêt pour atteindre cet objectif qui optimise le monitoring mis en oeuvre par les banques et les régulateurs. / Based on an analysis of the default of the banks and regulation through credit ratings (and rating agencies), CDS models, Basel III, bail-In and capital insurance, we find that the characteristics of CDS make them a good candidate to forecast (and ideally prevent) the potential defaults of the banks. Indeed, thanks to the economics of CDS and results of empirical studies, we show that they are a good proxy of bank risks and that they did capture information changes more quickly than the credit ratings which remained relatively constant during 2007 and 2008.So, using a specific trigger based on CDS and the appropriate action, should the trigger be activated, we could prevent the default of a bank. And the understanding of contingent capital mechanism is of great interest to reach this objective which optimizes the monitoring implemented by banks as well as regulators.
13

IFRS 9 under en ekonomisk kris : En kvantitativ studie av svenska bankaktiebolag / IFRS 9 During an Economic Crisis : A Quantitative Study of Swedish Banking Limited Companies

Hansson, Andreas, Olsson Lenberg, Jonathan January 2022 (has links)
Syfte: Att påvisa eventuella förändringar på svenska bankaktiebolags förväntade kreditförluster, kärnprimärkapitalrelation samt utlåning till allmänheten under inledningen av Covid-19-pandemin, för att belysa den praktiska tillämpningen av IFRS 9 under en period av ekonomisk kris. Metod: Denna studie applicerar en kvantitativ forskningsstrategi där tre hypoteser deduceras utifrån tidigare forskning. Vidare används en longitudinell design där empiri inhämtas manuellt från svenska bankaktiebolags finansiella rapporter. Parade t-test används för att undersöka statistisk signifikans mellan slutet av räkenskapsåret 2019 och första halvåret 2020.  Resultat & slutsats: Resultaten visar en ökning av både förväntade kreditförluster och utlåning till allmänheten under Covid-19-pandemins inledning där resultaten är av statistisk signifikans. Vidare visar kärnprimärkapitalrelationen ingen signifikant ökning eller minskning under inledningen av Covid-19-pandemin. Slutsatsen är att IFRS 9 till synes har påverkats av interventioner från internationella myndigheter varför konklusionerna gällande den första ekonomiska krisen sedan införandet av IFRS 9 inte kan projiceras autonomt.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Studiens teoretiska bidrag består av att belysa det implicerade utfallet av IFRS 9 under den första ekonomiska krisen sedan införandet av redovisningsstandarden. Det teoretiska bidraget sträcker sig också till att applicera Intressent- och Legitimitetsteorin på svenska bankaktiebolag med avstamp i tillfredsställandet av deras huvudintressenter samt legitimering gentemot samhället. Det främsta praktiska bidraget riktar sig gentemot samhället i stort där bankerna innehar en central ställning. Även IASB, EBA och andra redovisningsreglerare och -granskare torde vara intresserade av resultaten för att komparera dessa mot avsedda intentioner.  Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Framtida forskning kan bedrivas på andra banker inom EU samt kring Covid-19-pandemins senare skeden och dess efterdyningar. Även de potentiella procykliska effekterna av bankernas förhöjda nivå av förväntade kreditförluster kan studeras för att utforska dess inverkan. / Aim: To exhibit any changes on Swedish banking limited companies' expected credit losses, Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio and lending to the public sector in the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, to illustrate the practical application of IFRS 9 during a period of economic crisis.  Method: The study applies a quantitative research strategy where three hypotheses are deducted based on previous research. Furthermore, a longitudinal design is used where empirical data is obtained manually from Swedish banking limited companies’ financial reports. Paired t-tests are used to examine statistical significance between the end of the fiscal year 2019 and the first half of 2020. Result & Conclusion: The results show an increase in both expected credit losses and lending to the public during the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, where the results are statistically significant. Furthermore, the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio does not show a significant increase or decrease during the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. The conclusion is that IFRS 9 likely has been affected by interventions from international authorities, which is why the implications regarding the first economic crisis since the introduction of IFRS 9 cannot be projected autonomously.  Contribution of the thesis: The study's theoretical contribution consists of highlighting the implied outcome of IFRS 9 during the first economic crisis since the introduction of the accounting standard. The theoretical contribution also extends to applying the Stakeholder and Legitimacy Theory on Swedish banking limited companies based on the satisfaction of their main stakeholders as well as legitimation towards society. The main practical contribution is directed towards the society in a wider perspective, where the banks hold a central position. The IASB, EBA and other accounting regulators and supervisors should also be interested in the results to compare these with its intentions. Suggestions for future research: Further research can be conducted on other banks within the EU as well as on the later stages of the Covid-19 pandemic and its aftermath. The potential procyclical effects of the banks’ increased level of expected credit losses can also be studied to explore its impact.
14

Systemic risks with Contingent Convertible Bonds : A simulated study in systemic risks of triggering CoCos in a stressed European banking system.

Lien Oskarsson, Mathias January 2019 (has links)
Ever since the great financial crisis of 2008 regulators have pushed toward more resilient banks, resulting in more demanding regulation and an increase of regulator’s insight and power. Through the revision of the BASEL framework, Contingent Convertible Bonds were introduced in 2010 as a part of regulatory capital and has since then grown increasingly popular. However, these instruments have never been tested in a stressed European financial system. Hence, there is no genuine information of how these instruments would behave. Neither have there been any published efforts in testing this through simulation, to the best of my knowledge. Using a temporally disaggregated augmentation of the EBA 2016 stress test, I simulate how the financial system would be affected by triggering the CoCos. Studying the implications of both low and high trigger instruments. Results indicate that there are low risks for a systemic fallout and showcases some notable differences as a result of CoCo design and type of trigger.
15

Basel III : En studie om de svenska, tyska och brittiska storbankernas utveckling i takt med implementeringen av det nya regelverket / Basel III : A study of the Swedish, German and British major banks' development in line with the implementation of the new framework

Nylander, Julia, Zachrisson, Emelie January 2015 (has links)
Tre tydliga svagheter kunde identifieras i den globala banksektorn under den stora finanskrisen år 2007. Dessa tre svagheter var brist på kapital av tillräcklig kvalitet för att kunna hantera förluster, en för tätt sammankopplad finansmarknad samt otillräcklig likviditetshantering och för små likviditetsbuffertar. I syfte att främja en banksektor med starkare motståndskraft togs regelverket Basel III fram för att reglera bland annat bankernas likviditet, kapitaltäckning och riskhantering. De nya kapitaltäckningskraven från Basel III innebär bland annat att kärnprimärkapitalrelationen ska uppgå till minst sju procent senast år 2019, Sverige och Storbritannien har dock valt att ställa högre krav på sina storbanker. Kärnprimärkapitalet är den del av primärkapitalet som håller högst kvalitet och har bäst förmåga att absorbera förluster. Europeiska bankmyndigheten (EBA) genomför årligen stresstester på bankerna inom Europeiska unionen (EU) med syfte att se hur bankerna kan hantera ogynnsamma scenarier. På liknande sätt genomför även Finansinspektionen stresstester på de svenska storbankerna.Syftet med denna studie är att ur ett internationellt perspektiv undersöka vilka resultat storbankerna i Sverige, Storbritannien och Tyskland uppnår i EBA:s stresstester för två olika år. Studien syftar även till att ur ett nationellt perspektiv studera hur de fyra svenska storbankerna Handelsbanken, SEB, Nordea och Swedbank klarar sig i Finansinspektionens egna stresstester över en fyraårsperiod. Slutligen syftar studien till att studera hur väl de fyra svenska storbankerna lever upp till de nya kraven som Basel III medför med avseende på kärnprimärkapitalrelation för åren 2006, 2011 och 2014 samt hur bankernas riskrapportering har förändrats sedan år 2011. För att besvara våra frågeställningar studerades tryckt material i form av bland annat årsredovisningar och vi genomförde även två intervjuer med en respondent från Finansinspektionen respektive två respondenter från Sveriges Riksbank.Studiens resultat för den internationella frågeställningen visar att det är de svenska storbankerna som har den lägsta genomsnittliga procentuella differensen mellan ett normalscenario och ett stressat scenario. Det är även de svenska storbankerna som har de högsta genomsnittliga kärnprimärkapitalrelationerna i EBA:s stresstester för åren 2011 respektive 2014. De brittiska och de tyska storbankerna uppnår lägre resultat än de svenska storbankerna. Det finns banker i dessa länder som det krävs ytterligare arbete ifrån för att de vid ett normalscenario ska uppnå Basel III:s grundkrav där kärnprimärkapitalrelationen ska uppgå till minst sju procent. Utifrån vår analys kan vi dra slutsatsen att de svenska storbankerna är de banker som klarar sig bäst med avseende på EBA:s stresstester och bankernas kärnprimärkapitalrelationer.Studiens resultat för den nationella frågeställningen visar att Handelsbanken och Swedbank är de svenska storbanker som klarar sig bäst i Finansinspektionens stresstester. SEB och Nordea däremot uppvisar något sämre resultat och vid något tillfälle når de inte upp till de formella eller de individuella kraven under ett mycket stressat scenario. Vid analys av bankernas årsredovisningar kan vi se en positiv utveckling av deras kärnprimärkapitalrelationer då samtliga svenska storbanker når upp till de strängare formella kraven på 10 respektive 12 procent och även når upp till Finansinspektionens strängare individuella krav för respektive storbank. Vi kan även se en positiv utveckling av de svenska storbankernas riskrapportering och vi kan se att många av bankerna offentliggör mer riskinformation än vad som krävs. Vi kan konstatera att de svenska storbankerna över lag är välkapitaliserade och har inga problem med att nå upp till de nya kraven i Basel III. / Three weaknesses were identified in the global banking sector during the great financial crisis in 2007. These three weaknesses were a lack of capital of sufficient quality to cope with losses, a too closely linked financial market and finally an insufficient liquidity management and too small liquidity buffers. In order to promote a banking sector with stronger resistance Basel III regulations was established to regulate the banks' liquidity, capital adequacy and risk management. The new capital requirements of Basel III means that the core Tier I capital ratio must at least reach seven percent by the year 2019, Sweden and the UK have, however, chosen to set higher standards for their largest banks. Core Tier I capital is the part of Tier I capital that keeps the highest quality and has the best ability to absorb losses. The European Banking Authority (EBA) conducts annual stress tests on banks in the European Union (EU) in order to study how banks can handle adverse scenarios. In a similar way, Finansinspektionen also conducts stress tests on the major Swedish banks.The purpose of this study is from an international perspective to examine what results the major banks in Sweden, the UK and Germany achieve in the EBA's stress test for two years. The study also aims to study from a national perspective how the four major Swedish banks, Handelsbanken, SEB, Nordea and Swedbank achieve in Finansinspektionens own stress tests over a four year period. Finally, the study aims to examine how well the four major Swedish banks live up to the new requirements under the Basel III, with regard to core Tier I capital ratio for the years 2006, 2011 and 2014, as well as how banks' risk reporting has changed since the year 2011. In order to answer our questions, printed material in the form of e.g. annual reports were studied and we also conducted two interviews with respondents from Finansinspektionen and Sveriges Riksbank (the Swedish national bank).The study's results of the international perspective shows that it is the major Swedish banks that have the lowest average percentage difference between a normal scenario and a stressed scenario. It is also the Swedish banks that have the highest average core tier 1 ratios in the EBAs' stress tests for the years 2011 and 2014. The British and German banks achieved lower results than the Swedish banks. There are banks in these countries where further work is needed in order for them at a normal scenario to reach a core Tier 1 capital ratio of at least seven percent. Based on our analysis, we can conclude that the major Swedish banks have the best results both regarding EBAs' stress tests and the banks' core Tier 1 capital ratio.The study's results of the national perspective shows that Handelsbanken and Swedbank are the major Swedish banks with the best results in Finansinspektionens stress tests. SEB and Nordea present slightly lower results and at some time during the test they do not reach the formal or individual requirements in a highly stressed scenario. In the analysis of banks' annual reports, we observe a positive development of their core tier 1 ratios and all major Swedish banks reach the stricter formal requirements of 10 and 12 percent. All the banks also reach Finansinspektionens stricter individual requirements for each major bank. We also observe a positive development of the Swedish banks' risk reporting and we can also see that many of the banks disclose more risk information than is required. We can conclude that the major Swedish banks are well capitalized and have no problems reaching up to the new requirements of Basel III.This essay is written in Swedish
16

Identification and Differentiation of Tier 1 Bacterial Agents Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Li, Dan 07 June 2013 (has links) (PDF)
A simple method was developed for detection and differentiation of five Tier 1 bacterial agents, including Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei as well as their closely related near neighbors by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Generally, different classes of compounds can be used as biomarkers for biowarfare agent detection, including nucleic acids (i.e., DNA or RNA), proteins (i.e., antibodies), carbohydrates (i.e., sugars), lipopolysaccharides, lipids (i.e., fatty acids) and small molecules. One-step thermochemolysis (TCM) was developed to provide GC-MS detectable biomarker signatures, including sugars, fatty acids and small molecules. Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) was used for biomarker extraction, concentration and introduction into the GC-MS. Statistical algorithms were constructed using a combination of biomarkers for the five agents, which were robust against different growth conditions (medium and temperature). A general GC-MS temperature program was developed for all five Tier 1 bacteria. The total analysis time, including TCM, SPME extraction and GC-MS, is approximately 40 min. The total-ion chromatograms are very different for the five species. The final goal of this research was to develop an accurate, fast, simple, robust and automated method for field application. Therefore, an automated sample preparation system was designed, constructed and tested. The system automatically controls the movement of sample vials from one position to another, crimping of septum caps onto the vials, precise delivery of reagents and TCM reaction times and temperatures. The specific operations of introduction of sample vials, SPME sampling, injection into the GC-MS system and ejection of used vials from the system were performed manually in this study, although they can be integrated into the automated system. Manual SPME sampling is performed by following visual and audible signal prompts for inserting the fiber into and retracting it from the sampling port. A rotating carousel design allows for simultaneous sample collection, reaction, biomarker extraction and analysis of sequential samples. Bacillus species were used to test this autoreactor, and 96% of the samples were correctly identified using a statistical algorithm. This research applies not only to the rapid identification of Tier 1 agents after a biological attack, but should also benefit clinical diagnosis, which is essential to effective treatment.
17

商業銀行資本適足率資訊內涵與資本調控問題之研究

陳育成 Unknown Date (has links)
資本適足率(capital adequacy ratio,即實業界所稱之BIS比率)為金融界評估商銀風險之重要指標,在反映資本結構以至於倒閉風險的意義上,相較於財務分析常用的權益值對總資產比率,BIS比率應是一個更精確的指標。本研究先藉資本市場銀行股長天期窗口超額報酬率反映投資人所要求報酬中之風險貼水,探討投資人是否可以引用資本適足率衡量國內商銀的倒閉風險與流動性風險。此外,本研究亦針對壞帳費用與票券買賣損益兩項富裁量空間之科目,分析國內商業銀行策略性操縱帳面盈餘與資本問題。最後,就現行我國資本適足率規定之缺失,作進一步之檢討,並檢測調整部份風險性資產之風險權數後,對資本適足率解釋投資人所要求必要報酬間關係之影響。 實證結果發現,不論是商銀呈報金融主管機關之資本適足率,或是就銀行所發布資料,儘可能比照公訂資本適足率核算辦法所自行設算、不含資產負債表外風險性資產所計算之比值,甚至自行設算、僅考慮自有資本中之第一類資本(Tier 1 Capital)估算值,均與商銀股市超額報酬有顯著之負血關係,顯示資本適足率對投資人而言,屬攸關資訊,能幫助評估銀行倒閉風險,進而決定其所要求之必要報酬率。又國內商銀中,民營銀行股超額報酬對資本適足率之迴歸係數,較公營銀行更具負向關係,而民國八十一年後新成立之銀行對資本適足率之迴歸係數,亦較八十一年前成立之舊銀行更具負向關係,而景氣較蕭條時,資本適足率與報酬間之關係並未較繁榮期敏感。 在盈餘與資本調控部份,或因使用不同調控工具之成本差異,致使商業銀行在帳面資本不足時,傾向于增加提列壞帳費用;另一方面,銀行似乎為了損益平穩化之目的,而以多實現或少實現票券買賣損益作為調控當期盈餘之工具,此兩項潛在之盈餘調控工具,彼此間有著相互替代代,惟因實現票券買賣損益之成本因時而異,國內商業銀行引用此兩項工具相互替補的程度實隨資本市場榮枯而改變。在估算國內商銀壞帳費用不可裁量部份時,本研究發現以上期壞帳、本期逾催收款、應收匯兌承兌款及無擔保放款餘額估計壞帳,比過動國外文獻所採變數組更恰當。 / This thesis empirically examines the explanatory power of capital adequacy ratio (BIS ratio) to Taiwan's commercial bank long-windowed returns minus risk-free rates (hereafter excess return), investigating whether the ratio serves to measure the level of risk of these banks equity securities. Findings indicate the followings: (1) ceteris paribus, long-windowed bank returns negatively correlate with each and every measure of BIS ratio in this study. These results are consistent with the notion that capital adequacy ratio conveys relevant information regarding the bank shareholders risk; (2) required rate of security returns appears to be more (less) sensitive to the BIS ratio for banks founded after (prior to) 1992 and for non-state-owned (state-owned) commercial banks; (3) there is not corroborative evidence that macro-economic variables have incremental explanatory power to the regression coefficient for the BIS ratio. Further, by identifying and examining the potential discretionary components of Taiwan's commercial bank loan loss provisions (LLPs) and securities gains and losses (RSGs), this study aims at exploring these banks' accruals management practices. Robust against various sensitivity tests, empirical findings support the notion that commercial banks strategically increase their LLPs to avoid unfavorable capital adequacy ratios. On the other hand, this study finds these banks smooth reported earnings via RSGs. Moreover, our evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that LLPs and RSGs serve as substitutes for each other in commercial bank accruals management. However, the extent these banks exercise discretion via either measure varies with domestic capital market performance. For tests in this study, the specification of simultaneous equations outperforms the competing ordinary least square regression models. This study also provides an innovative design for estimating bank loan loss provisions. As compared with competing designs, our model, which relates commercial bank LLPs to non-performing assets, unsecured loans, accrued acceptances and prior-period loan loss provisions, produce a more efficient predictor for Taiwan's commercial bank LLPs.
18

A test of GARCH models onCoCo bonds / Ett test av GARCH-modeller på CoCoobligationer

HENRIKSSON, JIMMY January 2021 (has links)
This research investigates to what extent the ARCH model and the GARCH model forecasts one-day-ahead out-of-sample daily volatility (conditional variance) in European AT1 CoCo bonds compared to the Random Walk model. The research also investigates how different orders of ARCH and GARCH models affect the forecasting accuracy. Specifically, the models investigated are the Random Walk model, ARCH(1), ARCH(2), ARCH(3), GARCH(1,1), GARCH(1,2), GARCH(2,1), and the GARCH(2,2)model. The data set used in this report is 47 European AT1 CoCo bonds from 20 different issuers.The results show that 42 out of 47 CoCo bonds have daily log returns that are conditional heteroscedastic. Five CoCo bonds with homoscedastic daily log returns were CoCo bonds with significant low liquidity. The results show that the GARCH model outperforms both the Random Walk model and the ARCH model, under the assumption that the innovations follow a normal distribution. The results also show that a higherorder of ARCH or GARCH does not necessarily lead to more accurate forecasts. The GARCH(1,1) model provided the most accurate predictions. The conclusion is that the GARCH models provide accurate volatility forecasts in CoCo bonds compared to the ARCH-model, and the Random Walk model. However, the ARCH model and the GARCH model fail to forecast the daily volatility in CoCo bondswith insufficient liquidity. Furthermore, a higher order of ARCH or GARCH models does not necessarily lead to better forecast results. / Denna uppsats undersöker till vilken utsträckning som ARCH och GARCH-modeller kan prediktera daglig volatilitet i AT1 CoCo-obligationer (eng. Additional Tier-1 Contingent Convertible Bonds), jämfört med Random Walk-modellen. Uppsatsen undersöker även hur olika parametrar I ARCH och GARCH-modeller påverkar resultatet i prediktionerna. De modeller som undersöks är Random Walk-modellen, ARCH(1), ARCH(2), ARCH(3), GARCH(1,1), GARCH(1,2), GARCH(2,1), och GARCH(2,2)-modellen. Datasetet som har använts i denna forskning består av 47 Europeiska AT1 CoCo obligationer från 20 olika emittenter. Resultatet visar att 42 av 47 CoCo-obligationer har betingat heteroskedastisk daglig avkastningsdata. Fem CoCo-obligationer med homoskedastisk avkastningsdata är obligationer med signifikant låg likviditet. Vidare visar resultatet visar att GARCH modellen överpresterar jämfört med både Random Walk-modellen och ARCH-modellen, under antagandet att innovationstermen följer en normal distribution. Resultatet visar även att en högre ordning av ARCH eller GARCH inte nödvändigtvis leder till ett bättre resultat i prediktonerna. GARCH(1,1)-modellen är modellen som predikterar den dagliga volatiliten i CoCo-obligationerna med bäst resultat. Slutsatsen är att GARCH-modellen predikterar volatiliteten i CoCo-obligationer bättre jämfört med ARCH-modellen och Random Walk-modellen. Däremot kan inte ARCH-modellen eller GARCH-modellen modellera CoCo-obligationer med signifikant låg likviditet. Vidare så medför en högre ordning i ARCH eller GARCH-modellen inte nödvändigtvis till bättre prediktioner.
19

IFRS 9 Finansiella instrument : Vilken effekt den nya regleringen har på svenska banker efter införandet / IFRS 9 Financial Instruments : The effect on Swedish banks after IFRS 9 transition

Fjellstedt, Hanna, Fischer, Daniel January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund: En ny reglering har införts den 1 januari 2018, vilket är IFRS 9 finansiella instrument som ersätter IAS 39. Värdering och redovisning förändras från en objektiv till en subjektiv bedömning av kreditförluster. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilken effekt IFRS 9 har på svenska banker efter införandet. Studien undersöker även om effekten varierar beroende av bankers storlek. Metod: För att uppnå studiens syfte har en kvantitativ studie med deduktiv ansats tillämpats. Sekundärdata har inhämtats ur bankernas årsredovisningar för 2018 från respektive hemsida. Banker som ingår i studien är 43 svenska banker som står under Finansinspektionens tillsyn. Studiens tre hypoteser testades med hjälp av ttest, där parvis observation gjordes mellan åren 2017 och 2018. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet visade en signifikant förändring av totala kapitalrelationen och kärnprimärkapitalrelationen i de större bankerna, vilka nyckeltalen var lägre efter införandet av IFRS 9. Egna kapitalet, kreditförlusterna och soliditeten kunde inte visa någon signifikant förändring. Slutsats av studiens resultat är att införandet av IFRS 9 haft en marginell effekt på svenska banker. / Background: The new regulation IFRS 9 has replaced IAS 39. The new regulation is subjective, forward-looking, compared with the old, objective model. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect IFRS 9 has on Swedish banks after the transition. Another aim is to study the effect of IFRS 9 on different bank sizes. Method: To achieve the purpose of the study, a quantitative method has been applied. Data has been obtained from annual reports for the year of 2018. The data consist of shareholders equity, balance sheet total and reported loan losses. Hypothesis testing has been done by using t-test Result and conclusion: The results can support a week significant positive effect on Tier 1 capital and capital adequacy ratio from large banks. No results could be found for Shareholders equity, Credit loss or Solidity.
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Fertigungssteuerung in der Musterfertigung von Systemlieferanten

Kienzle, Florian 09 January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
An die Musterfertigung von Systemlieferanten stellt sich die besondere Anforderung, Prototypen verschiedener Erzeugnisse, in vielfältigen Kundenvarianten, in jeweils unterschiedlichen Produktreifegraden, parallel zu fertigen. Daraus resultiert eine spezifische Variabilitätsausprägung der Produktionsplanungsparameter, die zu einer hohen Komplexität und Turbulenz in der Ablaufsteuerung einer Musterfertigung führt. Infolgedessen gilt der Planparametervariabilitätsfall Musterfertigung, sowohl in der Theorie als auch in der betrieblichen Praxis, als ein bislang ungelöstes Steuerungsproblem, welches ein hohes Verbesserungspotenzial aufweist. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert und beleuchtet diesen Problemfall im Rahmen einer vergleichenden Fallstudienuntersuchung. Aufbauend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wird ein Konzept zur Steuerung einer Musterfertigung bei Systemlieferanten entwickelt und in seinem Anwendungszusammenhang evaluiert. / Sample production of tier 1 automotive suppliers demands producing simultaneously different product samples in many customised versions and within various maturity levels. The associated variability of the time-phased work content leads to a high degree of complexity and turbulence in the manufacturing process of such a production type. Therefore, sample production control becomes significantly more complicated and most existing control approaches fail in the real world. For this reason the present thesis examines this subject matter by means of a comparative case study. Based on the findings a customized production control concept will be introduced that fully adapts the specific needs of sample production of tier 1 automotive suppliers.

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