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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Evangélicos em ação nas favelas cariocas: um estudo sócio-antropológico sobre redes de proteção, tráfico de drogas e religião no Complexo de Acari / Evangelicals in action in Rio's slums: a socio-anthropological study on protection networks drugs and religion in Complex Acari

Christina Vital da Cunha 24 August 2009 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo desta tese é discutir como os moradores de favelas no Rio de Janeiro fazem para experimentar segurança em meio ao cotidiano marcado por inseguranças, violência e vulnerabilidade social. Minha hipótese central é que os moradores destas localidades visualizam nas lealdades primordiais (GEERTZ, 2008 [1973]), nas relações de vizinhança e em redes formadas em torno do pertencimento a instituições religiosas, sobretudo as pentecostais e neopentecostais a base da segurança necessária para organizarem suas vidas, suas rotinas. Busquei responder às questões que me animavam a partir de um investimento etnográfico em duas favelas cariocas, a saber, Santa Marta, localizada no bairro de Botafogo, Zona Sul, e, principalmente, Acari, localizada entre bairros da Zona Norte da cidade. Ao longo da etnografia realizei entrevistas semi-estruturadas com moradores evangélicos, traficantes, homens, mulheres, jovens e idosos, lideranças políticas e culturais. A partir destas entrevistas, assim como das conversas informais com moradores nestas favelas, pude observar a grande dificuldade que os moradores das referidas localidades têm, face à violência, para experimentar constantemente segurança e confiança, mesmo no caso dos moradores que desfrutam de densas redes de solidariedade e proteção baseadas no parentesco e/ou na partilha de identidade religiosa pentecostal. A paranóia, o medo da fofoca e do inimigo à espreita tomam conta do cotidiano de moradores (e também de traficantes). Neste contexto, identifiquei nas suas tentativas de consolidação de vínculos sociais e afetivos, mas também em seus diversos cálculos em termos de evitação da violência suas principais estratégias para viver o dia-a-dia com certa tranqüilidade. O curso da etnografia possibilitou, ainda, refletir sobre a importância da articulação analítica de dois eixos temáticos para o estudo da favela como fenômeno urbano/social hoje: religião e violência. Esta avaliação é fruto da observação das aproximações entre traficantes que passaram, nessas localidades, a experimentar novas formas de expressão de fé. Se, nas décadas de 1980-1990, os traficantes de Acari expunham em seus corpos, em suas casas e nos muros da favela imagens e orações que remetiam ao universo religioso afro-brasileiro, na atualidade, acionam uma gramática pentecostal e pintam nos muros da favela salmos e outras passagens bíblicas. Se antes pediam proteção às mães-de-santo, agora pedem proteção às lideranças evangélicas e à comunidade de irmãos, assim como comemoram seus aniversários em cultos de ação de graça. A interface entre traficantes e evangélicos nas favelas estudadas, com destaque para Acari, vem produzindo, sustento, reequilíbrios de poder no interior do campo político e religioso local e, até, supralocal. / The objective of this thesis is to discuss how inhabitants of slums in Rio de Janeiro experiment security amid their quotidian which is permeated by insecurities, violence and social vulnerability. My central hypothesis is that the inhabitants of these localities envision in primordial loyalties (GEERZT, 2008 [1973]), in neighborhood relationships and in networks formed from the sense of belonging to religious institutions, specially the Pentecostals and Neopentecostals, the basis of the necessary security that enables the organization of their lives, their quotidian activities. I aimed to answer the questions that stimulated me from an ethnographic investment in two carioca slums: Santa Marta, located in Botafogo, South Zone and mainly Acari, located between neighborhoods in the North Zone of the city. Throughout the ethnography I carried out semi-structured interviews with evangelical inhabitants, drug traffickers, men, women, youngsters, elders and political and cultural leaderships. Parting from these interviews, as well as the informal conversations whit the other inhabitants of these slums, I could observe that they have great difficulty in experiencing constant security and trust, even in the cases of those who enjoy dense solidarity and protection networks based on kinship and/or sharing Pentecostal religious identities. The paranoia, the fear of gossip and of the enemy on de lookout takeover the lives of these people (and also of the traffickers) on the field. The course of the ethnography enabled a reflection about the importance of analytical articulation of two thematic axis for the study of the slum as an urban/social phenomenon today: religion and violence. That evaluation is fruit of the observation towards the approximation between traffickers who, in these localities, experienced new forms of expression of faith. If in the 1980-1990 decades the traffickers of Acari would expose on their bodies, in their houses and on the slum walls images and prayers the remitted to the afro-brazilian religious universe, currently, they put forward a Pentecostal grammar and paint psalms and other biblical parts on the walls of the slum. If they used to ask protection to the mother-of-saint, now they ask protection to evangelical leaders and the brotherhood community, as well as celebrate their birthdays in thanksgiving cults. The interface between traffickers and evangelicals in the studied communities, with emphasis to Acari, have been producing a livelihood and re-balancing of power in the local and even supra local political and religious field.
122

Ci?ncia do Futuro: a comunidade de pesquisa e o ciclo da politica de nanoci?ncia no Brasil.

Santos Junior, Jorge Luiz dos 02 December 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-07-26T17:10:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jorge Luiz dos Santos Junior.pdf: 2785492 bytes, checksum: 990333e796ea65f8c9af8566767bca47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T17:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jorge Luiz dos Santos Junior.pdf: 2785492 bytes, checksum: 990333e796ea65f8c9af8566767bca47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / SANTOS JUNIOR, Jorge Luiz dos. Science of the future: the research community and the nanoscience policy cycle in Brazil. 2011. 215 p. Thesis (Social Science Doctorate in Development, Agriculture and Society). Human and Social Sciences Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 2011. Insofar as nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N) permit the manipulation of individual atoms to create new (organic and inorganic) materials and combinations they can be viewed as Man?s latest incursion in the sphere of his efforts to dominate, transform and recreate nature. They arouse various kinds of interest and stir up controversies typical of a risk society, provoking critical views of the future of humanity and bringing with them a set of uncertainties and disputes that are consubstantiated in the institutionalization of this sector. This thesis analyses the participation of the scientific community in the nanoscience and nanotechnology policy cycle in Brazil by identifying and interpreting the inter-relations of the various actors that make up the complex network associated to this study area. To that end an analysis is made of the government programs, the configuration of the research groups, the performance of the social movements and the role of corporations, using as a reference framework Agency Theory, Social Studies in Science Technology and Society and in Relational Sociology. The Structural Analysis of Social Networks also serves as an important working method. The research concludes that a scientific community exists largely composed of actors from the fields of physics and chemistry, with special rights of entry in the entire policy cycle thereby revealing the State?s effective permeability in questions of science and technology policies. The fact has led to a considerable weakness of policy in regard to studies of ethical impacts, environmental risks or the participation of other fields of research in the discussions on the directions of science and technology in Brazil. / SANTOS JUNIOR, Jorge Luiz dos. Ci?ncia do futuro: a comunidade de pesquisa e o ciclo da pol?tica de nanoci?ncia no Brasil. 2011. 215 p. Tese (Doutorado de Ci?ncias Sociais em desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade). Instituto de Ci?ncias Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 2011. A nanoci?ncia e a nanotecnologia (N&N), ao permitirem a manipula??o de ?tomos individualizados para criar novos elementos e mat?rias (org?nicos e inorg?nicos), podem ser compreendidas como a mais recente incurs?o do homem na tentativa de dominar, transformar e recriar a natureza. Despertam interesses diversos e acirram controv?rsias, caracter?sticas de uma sociedade de risco, provocando olhares cr?ticos acerca do futuro da humanidade, trazendo consigo um conjunto de incertezas e disputas que se consubstanciam na institucionaliza??o desse setor. Nessa tese analisamos a participa??o da comunidade cient?fica no ciclo da pol?tica de nanotecnologia e nanoci?ncia (N&N) no Brasil, atrav?s da identifica??o e interpreta??o das inter-rela??es entre os diversos atores que comp?em uma complexa rede nesse campo de estudo. Para tanto, foram analisados os programas governamentais, a configura??o dos grupos de pesquisa, a atua??o dos movimentos sociais e o papel das empresas, tendo como marco de refer?ncia a Teoria da Ag?ncia, os Estudos Sociais em Ci?ncia, Tecnologia e Sociedade e a Sociologia Relacional. Traz tamb?m a An?lise Estrutural de Redes Sociais como importante m?todo de trabalho. Ao final do trabalho, conclu?mos que existe uma comunidade de pesquisa, composta majoritariamente por atores das ?reas de f?sica e qu?mica que t?m entrada especial em todo o ciclo da pol?tica, caracterizando a permeabilidade do Estado no que toca ?s pol?ticas de ci?ncia e tecnologia. Tal fato contribui para a fragiliza??o da pol?tica no que concerne aos estudos sobre impactos ?ticos, riscos ambientais e ? participa??o de outros campos de pesquisa nas discuss?es sobre os rumos da ci?ncia e da tecnologia no Brasil
123

Catadores de material reciclável: redes sociais e processo associativo

Moura, Laysce Rocha de 27 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-19T12:21:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Laysce Rocha de Moura.pdf: 2892378 bytes, checksum: 1cad4916514df7227bcc894f99a272d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-19T12:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laysce Rocha de Moura.pdf: 2892378 bytes, checksum: 1cad4916514df7227bcc894f99a272d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The goal of this thesis was to understand the associative process linking waste pickers to the recyclable material cooperative, seeking to examine the causes and elements that lead to grouping and the types of social interactions ties. The Network Theory, which has the focus of analysis on social relations, helps to understand this dynamic. For this, the homophily and the strength of weak and strong ties theory were the concepts used to answer the guiding question: What are the processes that lead waste pickers to enroll in cooperatives? And the related question: How is characterized the network of waste pickers' in the associative process? The study has a structural approach that used qualitative methods - 'Coding' or grouping data by topic - and quantitative - the software NodeXL Basic - of analysis. In order to choose the precise cases, two criteria of choice were established: origin and the relation with the public initiative. From this, two cooperatives were identified: CooperVida and CooperFlor. The findings indicate that age, education, geographical location, and unemployment were the main elements in CooperVida and CooperFlor that influenced the associative process. These causes of grouping are consequence of the individual characteristics and the context in which the individual is immersed, in that way the associative process is the result of an induced process that can be framed as a structural homophily effect or homophily of status. Nevertheless, the network of relatives and close associates were more used to approach the cooperative, pointing to the strength of strong social ties in the enrolment process. Taking the above, the work done by the waste pickers was recognized as an occupation in the Brazilian labor market. Although it was an achievement for this social segment, the results of this thesis point out that the waste pickers went into the street or to work in the cooperative due to external factors or because of their attributes and not an individual choice (structural homophily effect / status). Moreover, the research findings highlight the importance that strong ties have in associative process and corroborate with the strength of weak and strong ties theory proposed by Granovetter (1983) / O objetivo desta tese foi compreender o processo associativo de vinculação de catadores à cooperativa de materiais recicláveis, buscando examinar as causas que levam ao agrupamento e os tipos de laço das interações. A Teoria de Redes, que tem o foco de análise nas relações sociais, ajuda a compreender essa dinâmica. Para tanto, a homofilia e a força dos laços fracos e fortes foram os conceitos utilizados para responder à questão norteadora: Quais são os processos que levam os catadores se associarem em cooperativas? E a questão associada: Como se caracteriza a rede de relações dos catadores nesse processo associativo? O estudo tem uma abordagem estrutural que utilizou métodos qualitativos - ‘codificação’ ou agrupamento de dados por tema - e quantitativos - o software NodeXL Basic - de análise. Para eleger os casos concretos, estabeleceu-se dois critérios de escolha: origem e a relação com o poder público. A partir disso, duas cooperativas foram identificadas: CooperVida e CooperFlor. Os achados indicam que a idade, a escolaridade, a localização geográfica e o desemprego foram os principais fatores na CooperVida e na CooperFlor que influenciaram o processo associativo. Essas causas de agrupamento são consequência das características do indivíduo e do contexto em que ele está imerso, dessa forma o processo associativo é resultado de um processo induzido que pode ser enquadrado como um efeito homofilico estrutural ou homofilico de status. Por sua vez, a rede de familiares e de pessoas próximas foram mais utilizadas para o acesso à cooperativa, apontando para a força dos laços fortes no processo associativo. Diante do exposto, o trabalho desenvolvido pelos catadores de material reciclável foi reconhecido como uma ocupação no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Apesar de ter sido uma conquista para esse segmento social, os resultados desta tese apontam que os catadores entraram para a catação na rua ou para trabalhar na cooperativa em decorrência de fatores externos ou em decorrência de seus atributos e não de uma escolha individual (efeito homofílico estrutural/status). Além disso, os achados da pesquisa evidenciam a importância que os laços fortes têm no processo associativo e corroboram com a teoria dos laços fortes e fracos proposto por Granovetter (1983)
124

O desequilíbrio familiar e a identidade americana nas peças de Sam Shepard / The unbalanced family and American identity in the plays of Sam Shepard

Gallo, Ligia Razera 09 March 2012 (has links)
Este estudo analisa três obras dramáticas de Sam Shepard: Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child e Fool for Love dentro do contexto de sua obsessão compartilhada com o sonho americano sobre uma família harmoniosa mostrando um desvio do sonho o que também é predominante em peças de dramaturgos americanos, como O\'Neill e Miller, que antecedem Sam Shepard. Este estudo também investiga o conceito da identidade americana nas peças. Entre os trabalhos do dramaturgo Sam Shepard encontramos três peças que exploram o que significa ser o membro de uma família do meio oeste americano. Em Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child, Shepard retrata a dor ecoando dentro do círculo familiar. Assim como os trabalhos iniciais de Shepard, essas peças familiares se revelam com um forte elemento biográfico, nascidas das experiências pessoais e persistentes preocupações do dramaturgo; através das peças, ele examina e reexamina o sistema familiar multigeracional do qual ele é oriundo. Por exemplo, o alcoolismo do pai e a forma como os pais são construídos em suas peças, a partir de uma perspectiva pessoal, são muito mais do que simples características das personagens, são uma condição que afeta a todos os personagens, seu relacionamento interpessoal e seus destinos. Além disso, podemos observar que o sonho americano, e sua relação com essa instabilidade familiar é um dos temas recorrentes nos dramas escritos pelo autor. Outra intenção deste estudo é, num primeiro momento analisar, o sonho americano sob uma perspectiva histórica para definir suas múltiplas facetas desde os tempos coloniais até o século XX, tal como apresentado no drama; em segundo lugar em um nível temático para identificar os vários temas que Sam Shepard usa em suas peças, tais como laços familiares adulterados, alienação, incapacidade de se comunicar, a violência, a relação esposa-amante surreal, e a busca de identidade e assim definir como eles impedem a realização do sonho; em terceiro lugar, as características usadas por Sam Shepard, que servem para apresentar as peças como instâncias do sonho de uma família harmoniosa tornando-se um pesadelo.Na peça Fool for Love analiso também a tirania exercida pela família sobre as vidas das suas crianças crescidas. De 1977 até 1985, Shepard distancia-se da aceitação fatalística e desse modo revela mudanças tanto na perspectiva autoral como no ambiente social. Como ele faz frequentemente em seus trabalhos, Shepard reflete o comportamento de uma época. / This study analyzes three dramatic works of Sam Shepard: Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child and Fool for Love within the context of their shared obsession with the American dream of a harmonious family showing a deviation of the dream which is also predominant in plays of American playwrights such as O\'Neill and Miller, preceding Sam Shepard. This study also investigates the concept of American identity in the plays. Among the works of playwright Sam Shepard there are three plays that explore what it means to be a member of a family in the U.S. Midwest. In Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child, Shepard portrays the pain echoing within the family. As the initial work of Shepard, these family plays reveal themselves with a strong biographical element, born of personal experience and persistent concerns of the playwright, through the plays, he examines and reviews the multigenerational family system of which he also derives from. For example, the father\'s alcoholism and how the fathers of his plays are constructed from a personal perspective are much more than simple features of the characters, it is a condition that affects all the characters, their relationships and their interpersonal destinations. In addition, we note that the American dream and its relationship with that family instability is one of the recurring themes in dramas written by the author. Another aim of this study is, at first look at the American dream from a historical perspective to define its many facets from colonial times to the twentieth century, as depicted in the drama, and secondly on a thematic level to identify the various themes Sam Shepard uses in his plays, such as family ties tampered with, alienation, inability to communicate, violence, wife-lover surreal relationship, and the search for identity and to define how they prevent the fulfillment of the \'dream\', and finally, the features used by Sam Shepard, which serve to make the plays as instances of the \'dream\' of a harmonious family becoming a nightmare. In the play Fool for Love we also analyze the tyranny exercised by the family on the lives of their grown children. From 1977 until 1985, Shepard is away from the fatalistic acceptance and thereby reveals changes in both the authorial perspective and the social environment. As he does often in his work, Shepard reflects the behavior of an era.
125

Filhos, pais, padrastos: relações domésticas em famílias recompostas das camadas populares / Children, parents, stepparents: family relationships among stepfamilies of low-income classes

Watarai, Felipe 01 October 2010 (has links)
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as formas de relacionamento de adolescentes e jovens de famílias recompostas de camadas populares, filhos de união anterior da mãe, com quem moravam e que se encontrava em nova união, consensual ou formalizada. Procurou-se descrever e analisar as relações vividas pelos sujeitos com a mãe, com seu parceiro, com parentes de ambos, com o pai biológico, com parentes paternos, com irmãos consangüíneos, uterinos e agnáticos, e também com filhos de uniões da madrasta e do padrasto, seus quase-irmãos. Cabe destacar que os relacionamentos com esses diversos parentes não se restringem ao espaço da moradia. Como conseqüência dessa multiplicidade de novos vínculos, muitos deles sem termo específico para definir o parentesco, objetivou-se pesquisar os estatutos atribuídos aos diferentes integrantes dessas famílias. Além disso, investigou-se como ocorreu a prática socializatória dos sujeitos, incluindo as diversas pessoas que participaram mais ativamente desse processo. Para essa pesquisa, foram entrevistados 11 adolescentes e jovens de ambos os sexos, entre 14 e 20 anos, de dez famílias recompostas. A partir das transcrições das entrevistas, foi efetuada análise qualitativa dos dados, tendo como referência trabalhos nas áreas da Antropologia e da Psicologia. A análise objetivou apreender situações em comum, bem como diferenças entre elas, vividas pelos sujeitos em suas famílias, a fim de se descrever o conjunto de seus relacionamentos de forma mais integrada. Os dados foram contrapostos à literatura da área, a fim de levantar semelhanças e divergências com ela, e foram interpretados à luz dessas ferramentas teóricas. A análise dos relatos dos sujeitos aponta a centralidade da mãe nos arranjos familiares, indicando maior proximidade com ela. Devido a essa centralidade, os parentes maternos são os mais presentes no cotidiano dos sujeitos, em detrimento dos parentes paternos e do padrasto. Como esse não tem parentesco consangüíneo com os enteados, é considerado por eles como parente menos importante. Mesmo assim, a relação que o padrasto tem com a mãe dos enteados e o convívio cotidiano com eles tende a fazer com que, em alguns casos, ele seja visto \"como um pai\", especialmente quando participou da socialização dos sujeitos durante sua infância. Por sua vez, a relação dos sujeitos com vários tipos de irmãos apresenta um estatuto mais estável e claro. Quando meio e quase-irmãos moram na mesma casa e convivem por períodos relativamente longos, tendem a ser classificados como irmãos, da mesma forma que seus irmãos biológicos. Do conjunto da análise dos dados pode-se constatar a imensa complexidade dos relacionamentos nas famílias recompostas, a tensão entre parentesco consangüíneo e aquele socialmente criado e a extensão de formas de relações geradas pelas diferentes uniões de pais e padrastos e que se espraiam para além da unidade doméstica, constituindo verdadeiras constelações familiares. / This study aimed at analyzing the forms of relationship established by teenagers and youngsters in stepfamilies with their several relatives. The subjects have been born into a previous union of their mother and were presently living with her and her new partner, either formally married or not. Hence, it was attempted to describe the relationships these subjects experienced with the mother, her present partner, and relatives of both of them; with the biological father and his relatives; with their siblings, half-siblings and stepsiblings, either children of their stepfather or stepmother. Once these relationships were not restricted to the household space, they involved a wide range of relatives, many of them without a term to define the kin ties. In order to keep track of this multiple new bounds, the identities and roles conferred to these diverse characters were also investigated. Lastly, the socialization practices of the subjects were also analyzed, also related to the people that took part in this process. For this research, 11 teenagers and youngsters of both sexes, at the age band between 14 and 20 years old, of 10 stepfamilies of low-income classes of Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, were interviewed. The transcripts of these interviews were analyzed through the standpoint of Anthropology and Psychology. The analysis aimed at apprehending recurring themes in their speeches, as well as particularities in the subjects\' experiences of relationships with relatives. These data were compared with the literature on the issue, in order to trace similarities and divergences, and were also interpreted through these theoretical tools. The analysis on the subjects\' reports pointed towards the centrality of the mother in the family life and indicated that they presented greater intimacy with her. Due to this centrality, the maternal relatives were also more present in the everyday life of the subjects, if compared to the paternal or the stepfather\'s ones. Because the latter does not bear blood ties with his stepchildren, he is prone to be considered a less important relative by them. However, despite this evaluation, due to the relation the stepfather had with the subjects\' mother and to their everyday living together, he may eventually be considered to be \"just like a father\", especially if he has participated in the socialization of the subjects. Related to their several siblings (blood, half and step ones), the subjects tended to confer a more steady and clear role to them. When half and stepsiblings lived in the same house for relatively long periods of time, they tended to consider each other as brothers and sisters, the same way as among blood siblings. From the set of the data analysis, it was possible to perceive the great complexity of relationships among stepfamilies, the tension between blood kinship and the socially established one, and the extension of family relations beyond the household limits due to the different unions established by parents and stepparents, which end up constituting the so-called family constellations.
126

Entre o emprego e o empreendedorismo: aspectos geracionais dos vínculos de trabalho de profissionais de TI dos quadros médios da cidade de São Paulo / Between employment and entrepreneurship: generational aspects of the labor ties of IT professionals from intermediate cadres in the city of São Paulo

Ferreira, Allan Herison 18 December 2018 (has links)
Os leitores desta pesquisa encontrarão nas páginas seguintes o resultado de uma combinação de métodos e abordagens investigativas dedicados à contextualização e aferição sobre o modo como os profissionais de TI dos quadros médios da cidade de São Paulo compreendem e mobilizam seus vínculos de trabalho ao longo de suas trajetórias profissionais. Partimos de análises e pesquisas realizadas por estudiosos das relações de trabalho, emprego e empreendedorismo, de dados dos Censos de 1960 a 2010 e de informações de outros institutos de pesquisa para esquadrinhar um universo de pesquisa que proporcionasse uma amostra modesta, mas representativa, de profissionais de TI de diferentes gerações, diferentes experiências de trabalho e vínculos, e que atendesse à variedade mínima de outros marcadores sociais como raça ou cor, sexo e origem social. Com esse contexto definido, entrevistamos um conjunto de profissionais composto por quarenta participantes. Estes profissionais concederam entrevistas, preencheram formulários e responderam questões por meio de diversas outras formas de contato de modo a não só fornecer os dados dos marcadores levantados neste estudo, mas, principalmente, para apresentar suas experiências e pontos de vista sobre os tipos de vínculos de trabalho que experimentaram ou pretendem experimentar em suas carreiras. A observação das variações e similaridades relativas aos tipos de vínculos mobilizados por profissionais de diferentes gerações constitui a dimensão importante deste estudo que pretende contribuir com uma apresentação detalhada sobre o modo como os profissionais que atendem ao perfil do recorte de pesquisa compreendem os tipos de vínculos disponíveis a eles, buscando superar as limitações de abordagens que tratam o tema de modo demasiado frio orientadas somente pelos métodos quantitativos. A escuta dos profissionais de TI, os principais afetados pelas mudanças nas possibilidades de vínculos, é elemento fundamental deste estudo que visa também analisar, de modo mediado pela teoria sociológica que abrange as questões aqui mobilizadas, as visões e concepções obtidas dos próprios profissionais a respeito de modelos, propostas e teorias advindas ora do mundo acadêmico, ora do mundo corporativo. Embora, por vezes, estes mundos propositivos convivam com as percepções e interpretações dos profissionais entrevistados, através da leitura deste estudo pode-se observar que as experiências e percepções dos profissionais demonstram ser mais complexas do que modelos polarizados tendem a postular. / Readers of this research will find on the following pages the result of a combination of methods and investigative approaches dedicated to the contextualization and measurement of how IT professionals in the city of São Paulo understand and mobilize their labour ties throughout their professional paths. We started with analyzes and research carried out by scholars from the labour relations, employment and entrepreneurship, data from the Censuses from 1960 to 2010 and information from other research institutes to search a universe of research that would provide a modest but representative sample of IT professionals of different generations, different work experiences and labor ties, and that meets the minimum variety of other social markers like race or color, sex and social origin. With this context defined, we interviewed a group of professionals composed of forty participants. These professionals provided interviews, completed forms, and answered questions through various other forms of contact so as to not only provide the markers data collected in this study, but mainly to present their experiences and points of view on the modalities of work they have experienced or intend to experience in their careers. The observation of the variations and similarities related to the types of labour ties mobilized by professionals of different generations constitutes the core dimension of this study that intends to contribute with a detailed presentation on the way in which the professionals that meet the target profile of research comprise the types of labour ties available to them, seeking to overcome the limitations of approaches that treat the subject from a very far position - oriented especially by quantitative methods. Listening to IT professionals, the main ones affected by the changes in the possibilities of links, is a fundamental element of this study that also seeks to analyze, in a way mediated by the sociological theory that covers the issues mobilized here, the visions and conceptions obtained by the professionals themselves about models, proposals and theories that come sometimes from the academic world and sometimes from the corporate world. Although these propositional worlds at times coexist with the perceptions and interpretations of the professionals interviewed, this study shows that the experiences and perceptions of professionals prove to be more complex than polarized models tend to postulate.
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Benefits of Internet use in supporting rural life : managing social networks and exchanging social support in a rural area

Park, Namsu 24 January 2011 (has links)
The purpose of this study was (1) to examine rural residents’ perceived social support from Internet use for communication and (2) to understand the meanings associated with rural Internet users’ social media use, particularly with respect to mediating diverse social ties and exchanging different types of social support. To assess how Internet use affects rural residents’ sense of social support, this study investigated dynamic relationships between online communication and perceived social support by looking at interaction effects relative to extroversion, size of social networks, broadband use, and length of time using the Internet. To explore how social media are situated in a rural area, the present study investigated how rural residents use social network sites (SNSs) to maintain social contacts and exchange social support with members of their networks. / text
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Vad ska folk säga? : En socialpsykologisk studie om avhopp från frikyrkan i ett litet samhälle

Sörensson, Mariette, Eliasson, Malin January 2014 (has links)
Det här arbetet ägnas åt att närmare studera vad som händer med människans sociala och psykiska välbefinnande när de av olika anledningar väljer att lämna sin frikyrka på en liten ort. Vi har gjort narrativa intervjuer av tio olika respondenter som alla valt av olika anledningar att lämna sin frikyrkliga församling. Transkribering har sedan skett med fokus på att hitta gemensamma nämnare och tolka våra respondenters upplevelser. I den analys vi har gjort av empirin har vi dragit slutsatsen att de sociala och psykiska konsekvenserna är att det lilla samhället påverkar ex-medlemmarnas välbefinnande, framförallt genom starka skuld och skamkänslor och hotar de sociala band som funnits i så många år.  Naturligtvis finns det inte ett skäl till att en individ väljer att lämna men en stor bidragande orsak är lång tids ytagerande och frihetskänslan från församlingen och frihet till något annat. Men, vad ska folk säga? / This project pays particular attention to the effects on the social and psychological well-being of people, who for different reasons choose to leave their church in a small community. We have performed narrative interviews with ten respondents who all had different reasons for leaving their congregations. The obtained data has then been transcribed with focus on finding common denominators, as well as interpreting our respondents' experiences. In our analysis of the collected data, we conclude that the social and psychological consequences are that the small community will have an influence on the ex member's well-being, above all through strong feelings of guilt and shame and threats to long-standing social ties.There is, of course, more than one single reason why a person decides to leave, but a major contributing reason is long term surface acting and a sense of freedom from the congregation, as well as freedom to do other things. But what will people say?
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PRESSURE MEASUREMENT AT THE BALLAST-TIE INTERFACE OF RAILROAD TRACK USING MATRIX BASED TACTILE SURFACE SENSORS

McHenry, Michael T. 01 January 2013 (has links)
The pressure distribution at the ballast-tie interface of railroad track plays a key role in overall track support. Failure of the ballast or tie can result from excessive loads that were not designed for, requiring increased maintenance and reducing railroad operating efficiency. Understanding the forces acting on the ballast and tie are required to design higher performance and longer lasting track. To further this understanding, the use of Matrix Based Tactile Surface Sensors (MBTSS) is employed to measure the actual pressure distribution at the ballast-tie interface, characterized by individual ballast particle contact points and non-uniform pressures. The research explores this application of MBTSS including the development of sensor protection and calibration procedures. Results from laboratory ballast box testing conducted at the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) are presented. Conservative estimates of peak pressure under a typical wheel load on new ballast averaged 1450 psi and on fouled ballast averaged 680 psi. Contact areas varied across the range of ballast gradations and are shown to increase under increased applied load. A parameter to describe the "roughness" of the ballast-tie pressure distribution is offered. Results from in-track testing performed at TTCI, including pressure distributions along ten test ties, are also presented.
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An analysis of tacit knowledge sharing behaviour, within a social capital framework, in a business environment of a South African, University of Technology

Smith, Carol 21 May 2014 (has links)
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Technology: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2014. / This thesis integrates social capital and ‘reasoned action’ theory to construct a theoretical model for investigating the factors which predict an individual’s intention to share tacit knowledge in a University of Technology. It utilizes Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998: 243) definition and conception of social capital. They define social capital as “the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available through, and derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit”. This study examined tacit knowledge sharing behaviour (i.e., knowledge that is shared between individuals) within the context of social capital. The specific type of tacit knowledge that is being studied relates to work experience ‘know-what’ and ‘know-how’. ‘Know-what’ refers to the basic mastery of a discipline that professionals achieve through education and training. ‘Know-how’ refers to procedural knowledge about a business process and the individual’s capability to perform an action with an understanding of why the action is appropriate in the particular context, (i.e., action skill or applied competence). Specifically, this study examines the relationship between the structural, relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital and the individual’s attitude towards the sharing of tacit knowledge. It further examines the relationship between the individual’s attitude towards tacit knowledge sharing, their perceived norms and perceived behavioural control over the sharing of tacit knowledge (mediating variables) and their intention to share tacit knowledge. It is a case study which consists of a mixed methods research design, incorporating nine research interviews and five hundred and fifty four self administered questionnaires. The theoretical model is examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) and as a result of the findings, the initial model is revised into a set of theoretical models, which are tested using SEM and found to be consistent with the data (i.e., a good fit). The direct, indirect and total effects of the identified predictor (social capital) and mediating variables (‘reasoned action’) on the individual’s intention to share tacit knowledge, in each model, is examined and the results are presented. Each dimension of social capital is found to be significant for predicting the criterion variable ‘attitude towards tacit knowledge sharing’. The individual’s attitude towards tacit knowledge sharing is found to be highly significant for predicting the individual’s intention to share tacit knowledge but the ‘reasoned action’ variables are found to be not as significant, particularly perceived behavioural control over the sharing of tacit knowledge. The results of this study enrich our collective understanding regarding social capital and tacit knowledge sharing behaviour.

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