A digital twin facilitates the means to monitor, understand, and optimize the functions of the physical entity and provides continuous feedback to improve quality of life, and Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS) is an integral part of this vision. Many studies focus on human motion to digitize data for further analysis. The literature review presented here emphasizes on gait analysis and gait events detection using wearable devices, which compare results by testing on different groups of individuals. Amongst those, there is a focus on digitizing activities for athletes and sports activities. However, there is a lack of research that address configurability for this type of MCPS. Adding new physical devices to an established MCPS requires manual configuration. Recent studies either solve the issue of users’ mobility by providing a wireless solution with local storage, or sacrifice mobility in order to provide real-time information through wired communication. However, group physical activity applications, such as sports coaching and group physiotherapy, use customized devices that need to be automatically configured in the system. In addition, these systems need to support mobility and real-time data presentation. To solve this problem, a framework is proposed to design a wellbeing Cyber-Physical System (CPS) that focuses on system configurability, providing real-time data of body sensor networks while supporting wireless and mobile communication. A communication protocol is proposed to allow seamless integration and communication of system components, and to enable bandwidth-conscious data transmission. As a proof of concept, a configurable CPS for gait activities monitoring is designed to read, visualize, and backup spatiotemporal data from one or more multi-sensory physical devices over conventional Wi-Fi and in real-time. Two experiments were performed using the implemented CPS. The first experiment was performed outdoors and tested if the CPS components would recognize each other and work seamlessly over foreign networks while providing usable information. The second experiment was performed in collaboration with the Health Sciences Department using our system and the Tekscan Strideway gait mat simultaneously to compare results and to ensure accuracy. In addition, this experiment tested configurability of the system by using different measurement devices for different users.

The main objective of this project is to design, construct and validate a portable prototype of a device that is capable of performing a test to accurately measure Capillary Refilling Time (CRT), and to analyze the results with defined parameters; force, area, pressure (compression) and time. This prototype is dedicated to study and evaluate CRT readouts for different pressure values, collected from healthy subjects.The presented prototype of this study is capable of producing skin compressing and to measure the refilling time of capillaries following this compression. This prototype introduces accuracy, mechanical reproducibility and controlling options for the applied pressure and compression time. The presented prototype is non-invasive, portable and it can be used to conduct more CRT tests and other capillary refilling studies.CRT measurement is done by calculating time interval starting from the first point when the applied pressure is released; ending with the recording point at the time when the concentration of red blood cells has reached the level of its pre-occlusion values.Based on the calculated CRT values and the number of iterations of the test in CRT tables, one can observe that given the same applied pressure value, CRT values do not significantly vary when the test is repetitively conducted on the same subject and on the same site.

VIDA Vislanda har ett behov av att veta hur effektiv produktionen är på deras nya hyvleri. Därför är arbetets syfte att undersöka stopptidslängder samt bakomliggande orsaker till stoppen på företaget. Det ingår även i arbetet att lämna förslag på åtgärder som kan leda till förbättringar i verksamhetsgrad samt reduktion av stopptid. VIDA Vislanda vill veta vilken verkningsgrad, verklig löpmeter ut och verkligt stycketal ut för varje enskild dimension och längd. Resultatet presenteras efter detta önskemål men den totala verkningsgraden för hela mätperioden har också beräknats, till 52 %. Om VIDA åtgärdar de största återkommande stopporsakrna enligt våra förbättringsförslag kommer stopporsakerna att minska och således verkningsgraden att öka. / VIDA Vislanda has a need to know how efficient production is on their new planing mill. Therefore, work to investigate the stopping time lengths and the underlying causes of stoppages at the company is needed. It is also part of the work to submit proposals on measures that could lead to improvements in activity rates and reduction of downtime. VIDA Vislanda wants to know the efficiency, real meters out and real units out for each dimension and length. The results are presented after this request, but the overall efficiency of the entire measurement period was also calculated, to 52%. If VIDA addresses the major recurring causes of stoppages with our proposed improvements it will decrease the stoppages and thus increase efficiency.

Orientador: Anselmo Eduardo Diniz / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T20:02:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_SolonPereirade_M.pdf: 5699180 bytes, checksum: 067ac02eef0cae10532e8027dc26ebc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Nesse trabalho procurou-se aplicar o método MTM AI ou método básico para otimizar e balancear os postos de trabalhos dedicados ao módulo de arrefecimento do veículo de passeio, carro que a montadora está lançando em 2005 para competir com os rivais no seu próprio mercado. Os postos de trabalhos foram filmados para registrar os métodos (o método determina o tempo) empregados atualmente e para servir de base para as análises MTM AI onde foi aplicada a otimização dos métodos. Após esse levantamento os dados são introduzidos no software Ticon 2.1, para geração de relatórios e triagem dos mo~entos que agregam / não agregam valor, juntamente com avaliação da necessidade e dificuldade dos movimentos aplicados. Após a análise foi feita uma proposta para substituir ou facilitar os movimentos que geraram os maiores TMU's (Unidade de Medida de Tempo) sugerindo novos movimentos, novas distâncias um novo método em relação ao movimento original, assim como o balanceamento dos postos de trabalho otimizando o tempo de ciclo dos operadores da célula sem aumentar o ciclo de processo / Abstract: In this work it was looked to apply method MTM AI or basic method to optimize and to balance the work station dedicated to the cooling module of Vehicle. The Car Assembly Company is launching this ear in Oct 2005 to compete with the Japanese rivals in its proper market. The work station had been tilmed to register the methods (the method determines the time) employed currently and to serve as base for MTM AI analyses where the optimization ofthe methods was applied. After this survey the data were introdueed in software Tieon 2,1, for generation of reports and selection of the movements that add/do not add value, together with evaluation ofthe necessity and difficulty of the applied movements. After the analysis was made a proposal to substitute or to facilitate the movements that had generated the highest TMUs (Unit of Measure of Time) suggesting new movements, new distances a new method in relation to the original movement, as well as the balaneing of the work station optimizing the time of cycle of the operators of the cell without increasing the process eyele / Mestrado / Planejamento e Gestão Estrategica da Manufatura / Mestre Profissional em Engenharia Mecanica

När det är mörkt tycker jag om att gå hem. Det är oftast utifrån mina nattliga vandringar jag producerar, samlar och ser samband då jag i ensam tystnad möter nya rum och konstellationer som uppstår och försvinner i  staden. Jag fotograferar till blivande målningar, filmar eller tar objekt från platser för att använda i mitt arbete. Denna text koncentrerar sig främst kring de platser jag ser på, tankar kring dem och hur de överförs till att bli måleri.

The diploma thesis deals with the detection of measurement error based on the question order using the reaction time. The major part of the theoretical chapter deals with the respondent as the source of the error. A respondent needs to proceed through a cognitive process to answer a question. Various influences affect the process and they might have an effect on the accuracy of the answer. The frequently mentioned effects are age, education and motivation of respondent. The absence of respondents' motivation might lead to a reduction of their effort to properly proceed with the cognitive process. In that case, the respondent does not dedicate the appropriate cognitive effort and time to a question in the questionnaire. That length of time, which the respondent takes to answer, is called the reaction time and it is suggested that it might be used as an indicator of the amount of cognitive effort. Based on previously executed studies, the author designed hypotheses about the change in length of the reaction time with a change of question position in a questionnaire, about the effect of respondents' characteristics on the reaction time and its shortening. The significant shortening of the reaction time on the question located closer to the end of the experimental questionnaire is used as an indicator...

Tillverkningsindustrin förändras och ny teknik utvecklas ständigt. Med ny teknik så uppstår nya utmaningar. En vanlig utmaning som många industrier står inför är standardiseringen av processer. För att förbättra produktiviteten krävs standardisering. En del manuella aktiviteter kan inte standardiseras. Dessa aktiviteter är det främsta hindret för automatisering inom tillverkningen. Dessa aktiviteter har då definerats med begreppet “Hard to determine”. Detta begrepp har tagits fram från time data management principen “time determination”, vilket är ett steg inom metoden. Steget går då ut på att utföra tids datainsamling för att sedan bestämma hur långt tid ett monteringsmoment tar. Detta arbete har utförts på uppdrag av Youngkuk Jeong, som är en assisterande professor på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Med detta i åtanke så har följande tre forskningsfrågor ställts och besvarats i detta arbete. ● Vad definierar en hard to determine aktivitet?● Vad kan användas för att samla tids data kring hard to determine aktiviteter?● Är det möjligt att utföra en automatisk tids data insamling på hard to measure aktiviteter? För att besvara frågorna har ett flertal studiebesök gjorts hos ett företag som vill lösa sina problem med “Hard to determine” (HTD) aktiviteter i sina manuella monteringslinjer. Förutom studiebesök har intervjuer genomförts med relevanta ingenjörer och medarbetare med ansvar för tidsdatahantering. Rapporten innehåller också en fallstudie med ett monteringsmoment som liknar den hos företaget. Ett experiment har även utförts för att testa om automatiskt tids data insamling av fallstudien är möjligt. Resultatet ger då en definition av HTD aktiviteter: ● När en viss uppgift varierar i tiden den tar att slutföra.● Hantering av oförutsägbara material.● Användning av flera typer av material baserat på kundorder.● Aktiviteten är svår att standardisera. Dessa indikatorer bidrar till att göra en uppgift HTD, och kan även användas som en kriterielista när man identifierar dessa aktiviteter. För närvarande mäter företaget alla sina aktiviteter med ett tidtagarur inklusive HTD-aktiviteter. Det finns dock möjlighet till att att använda olika typer av sensorer. Experimentet ämnar att jämföra resultaten från en manuellt insamlad tidsdata från ett stoppur mot en automatiskt insamlad tidsdata från en kamera med hjälp av en spårningsprogramvara. Resultatet tyder på att automatisk tidsdatainsamling med hjälp av kameror är ett användbart alternativ för företag som söker innovativa automationslösningar för HTD aktiviteter. / The manufacturing industry is changing and new technology is constantly evolving. With new technology, new challenges occur. One common challenge many industries face is the standardisation of processes. To improve productivity standardisation is required. However some manual activities cannot be standardised. They are the main barrier to automation in manufacturing. These activities have been defined with the term “Hard to determine”. This concept has been developed from the time data management principle “time determination”, which is a step within the method. The step involves performing time data collection, to then determine how long an assembly task takes. This research has been carried out on behalf of Youngkuk Jeong, who is an assistant professor at the Royal Institute of Technology. With this in mind, the following three research questions have been asked and answered: ● What defines a hard to determine activity?● What can be used to gather time data on hard to determine activities?● Is it possible to perform automatic time data gathering on a hard to determine activity? Several study visits have been made to a company that wants to solve its problems with "hard to determine" (HTD) activities in its manual assembly lines. In addition to study visits, interviews were conducted with relevant engineers and employees responsible for time data management. The report also includes an experimental case study with an assembly task similar to that of the visited company. An experiment has also been performed to test whether automatic time data gathering of the case study is possible. The result detail a definition of HTD activities: ● When a certain task varies in time it takes to complete.● Handling unpredictable materials.● Use of several types of materials based on customer orders.● The activity is difficult to standardise. These indicators help to determine if a task is HTD, and can also be used as a list of criteria when identifying these activities. Currently, the company measures all its activities with a stopwatch, including HTD activities. The experiment aims to compare the results of a manually collected time data from a stopwatch with an automatically collected time data from a camera using a tracking software. The results indicate that automatic time data collection using cameras and hand tracking software is a useful alternative for companies looking for innovative automation solutions for HTD activities.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that leads to severe malfunction in many organs, but particularly the lungs. The primary cause of this malfunction is the decrease of the airway surface liquid layer on the lung epithelium. The lack of hydration leads to mucus build up on the epithelial lining, leading to blockage of airways. The underlying cause of CF is the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which results from mutations in the protein. Almost 90% of CF patients are caused by the deletion of the phenylalanine at position 508 of CFTR, which is believed to affect the folding and stability of CFTR. The misfolded ΔF508-CFTR undergoes ER associated degradation (ERAD), causing the failure of ΔF508-CFTR trafficking to the cell surface. Small molecule correctors yield moderate improvements in the trafficking of ΔF508-CFTR to the plasma membrane. It is currently not known if correctors increase trafficking through improved cargo loading of transport vesicles or through direct binding to CFTR. In this dissertation, real-time measurements of trafficking were utilized to identify the mechanistic details of chemical, biochemical, and thermal factors that impact CFTR correction, using the corrector molecule VX-809, a secondary mutation (I539T), and low temperature conditions. Each individually improved trafficking of ΔF508-CFTR to approximately 10% of wild-type levels. The combination of VX-809 with either low temperature or the I539T mutation increased the amount of CFTR on the plasma membrane to nearly 40%, indicating synergistic activity. The number of vesicles reaching the surface was significantly altered; however the amount of channel in each vesicle remained the same. Therefore, a 2 step therapeutic approach might be an ideal treatment for CF. The first step would be composed of a compound that mimics the mechanism of stabilization provided by low temperature or the I539T mutation, while the second step would be VX-809 or a similar corrector compound. These studies suggest that understanding how low temperature and second site suppressors alter ΔF508-CFTR could be key to the development of future therapeutics for the effective treatment of CF. The precise pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is not well studied. The involvement of another transport protein, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), makes the situation more complicated. ENaC and CFTR are colocalized on the apical surface of epithelia cells. With our fluorescence microscopy techniques, we explored the effects of CFTR on the residence time of ENaC on the cell membrane. A reliable approach measuring the half-life of protein on the cell membrane is required for this study. We present a new approach to quantify the half-life of membrane proteins on the cell surface, through tagging the protein with the photoconvertible fluorescent protein, Dendra2. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) is applied to limit visualization of fluorescence to proteins located on the plasma membrane. Photoconversion of Dendra2 works as a pulse chase experiment by monitoring only the population of protein that has been photoconverted. As the protein is endocytosed the red emission decreases due to the protein leaving the TIRF field of view. The half-life of the protein on the plasma membrane was calculated upon imaging over time and quantifying the change in red fluorescence. Our method provides a unique opportunity to observe real-time protein turnover at the single cell level without addition of protein synthesis inhibitors. This technique will be valuable for the future protein half-life study.

Sweden's drinking water quality is considered to be high partly due to a high quality of the raw water and a well developed sewage infrastructure. Despite this, there is water contamination that could be prevented by installation of a sophisticated early warning system. Some of the major players in the production of drinking water have already invested in different types of early warning systems to ensure drinking water of high quality. There are various forms of early warning systems where automatic monitoring of E. Coli is an interesting alternative. Today's technology allows for this type of measurement, but it is often expensive and sometimes slow. This work aims to investigate whether the phenomenon of Extraordinary Optical Transmission (EOT) can be used as the technology of sensors for real-time measurement of indicators of fecal contaminated water. EOT is a transmissions peak which arises due to plasmon resonance. The study was conducted by performing verification measurements by spectrophotometry to detect the EOT. After this biomeasurements where done to show that the surface of the sample can be functionalized to provide the opportunity to choose which analytes should be detected. The verifying measurements showed that EOT was detected for one of the five samples where the hole size was 400 nm and the hole spacing was 600 nm. This is due to the high signal strength and to the fact that the phenomenon occurred within the measurement range of the instruments. Samples where designated with the name sPa where s indicates hole size in nm and a hole spacing in nm. The signal strength of the sample 140P600 and 200P600 was too low to determine whether EOT occurred. For samples 400P1000 and 600P1000 calculations showed that EOT occurred outside the measurement range, which meant that EOT could not be measured. Sample 400P600 was chosen to implement bio-measurements wherein the surface was functionalized with biotin Bovine serum albumin (B-BSA) to later bind with fluidMAG Streptavidin. Both B-BSA and streptavidin was bound as shown by the kinetic measurements.

Les études qui se sont intéressées au temps dans la culture pharaonique se sont pour la plupart attachées à l’analyse des rythmes récurrents, à caractère religieux. Pourtant, à côté de ce temps cosmique, les sources, textuelles comme iconographiques, permettent d’entrevoir en filigrane un temps des hommes que nous nous proposons d’étudier, en nous restreignant cependant au moment de la journée, unité fondamentale du vécu. Cette thèse poursuit donc un double objectif, induit par le double sens du mot « quotidien » : outre la nuance temporelle qu’il possède, il en vient à caractériser par glissement de sens ce qui a trait à la vie de tous les jours, ce qui est habituel et familier. En raison de son iconicité, l’écriture hiéroglyphique fournit d’emblée des informations sur la perception du temps quotidien, dont le vocabulaire est caractérisé par le disque solaire ; cependant, cette image permet plus largement de conceptualiser la notion abstraite de temps, qui ne possède pas d’équivalent dans la langue. En outre, nous nous sommes attachée à l’aspect quantitatif du temps quotidien, soit son découpage, fondé sur des repères (mouvements du soleil, changements de luminosité, couleurs du ciel et de la terre ou projection des ombres pour les heures) perceptibles pour les uns dans l’étude du lexique, pour les autres dans celle des instruments de mesure. Enfin, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence l’aspect qualitatif du temps quotidien, soit la manière de vivre la journée et, inévitablement, la nuit, en dressant un bilan-temps de l’homme égyptien et en montrant l’hétérogénéité des pratiques temporelles. / The studies which tried to deal with time in the pharaonic civilization were often limited to the analysis of recurring rhythms of religious character. However, aside of this cosmic time, textual as well as iconographical sources allow to get a glimpse at a men’s time which we want to consider here by restricting the subject to the frame of the day, the fundamental unit of the everyday life. This thesis pursues a double objective, led by the double meaning of the word « daily » : besides the undeniable temporal nuance that it possesses, it can also characterize the matters of daily life by a shift in meaning, namely what’s usual and familiar. Regarding its iconicity, the hieroglyphic writing gives direct information on perception of daily time, the vocabulary of which is characterized by the sun disc ; however, this image gives a larger idea of the notion of time for which there is no comparison in the language. Besides, we also tried to take account of the quantitative aspect of the daily time, its divisions, based on benchmarks (movements of the sun, light changing, colours of the sky and the earth or shadow projections for hours) visible for ones through the study of the vocabulary, for others through the study of the measuring instruments. Finally, we tried to underline the qualitative aspect of the daily time, namely the way the day was live and, inevitably, the night, by giving a typical daytime schedule of the Egyptian and by showing the heterogeneity of the daily activities