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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Iconografía tiwanaku en la parafernalia inhalatoria de los Andes centro-sur

Torres, Constantino M. 10 April 2018 (has links)
Tiwanaku Iconography in South Central Andean Snuffing ParaphernaliaThis work presents an analysis of Tiwanaku iconography depicted on snuffing equipment, referring to other media when appropriate. This hallucinogenic equipment facilitates a basic study of Tiwanaku's iconographic configuration because of its specific function, duration and widespread distribution. The snuffing kit consists of a distinct set of implements: a small rectangular tray, a snuffing tube, a small spoon, and leather pouches that functioned as snuff powder containers. I have documented 84 snuff trays and 23 snuffing tubes with Tiwanaku iconography. Their geographical distribution is noted and the major themes represented are discussed. This is followed by an analysis of the components of the iconographic system, a discussion of the different structural schemes and variations in thematic emphasis. / En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de la iconografía tiwanaku en los equipos de inhalar polvos psicoactivos, con referencia a la escultura lítica, textiles y cerámica. Estos equipos permiten un estudio inicial de la configuración iconográfica tiwanaku debido a su función específica y a su amplia distribución geográfica y temporal. El ajuar inhalatorio consiste de una tableta rectangular, un tubo, una cucharilla y una bolsa de cuero como recipiente para los polvos. El autor ha documentado 84 tabletas y 23 tubos con este tipo de iconografía. Se discuten los temas representados, sus variaciones y componentes, y distribución geográfica.
12

Industrias líticas de Huari y Tiwanaku

Bencic, Catherine M. 10 April 2018 (has links)
Lithic Industries of Huari and TiwanakuLithics in New World complex societies are often studied in terms of formal tools and specialized production, with flake tools and debitage given very little attention. However, the majority of lithic assemblages are produced by expedient or flake tool rather than more formal technologies. It is believed that as societies become more complex, energy input into lithic production is reduced. Yet in contemporary Andean cultures that share religious iconography, there is a great deal of variation in the organization of lithic technologies. In this paper, two lithic collections from Iwawi (a Tiwanaku site) and Conchopata (a Huari city) are discussed. The implications of these case studies for understanding the organization of lithic technology in Andean complex societies, and their potential for understanding Huari and Tiwanaku cultural traditions, are considered. It is concluded that Iwawi and Conchopata lithic production are distinct, and that one cannot be derived from the other. / Las industrias líticas en sociedades complejas del Nuevo Mundo han sido estudiadas principalmente en términos de herramientas formales y la producción especializada, mientras que las herramientas sobre lasca y los desechos de talla merecían menos atención. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las colecciones líticas se producen a través de tecnologías expeditivas o de lasca en vez de formas más acabadas. Se ha propuesto que la inversión energética en la producción lítica disminuye cuando se desarrolla la complejidad social. No obstante, las culturas andinas contemporáneas, las que comparten un cuerpo de iconografía religiosa, exhiben una gran variación en la organización de la industria lítica. En el presente trabajo se presentan dos colecciones líticas: de Iwawi, un yacimiento tiwanaku, y de Conchopata, una ciudad huari. Se considera la utilidad de estos ejemplos para entender la organización de la industria lítica en las sociedades complejas andinas y su potencial para entender las tradiciones culturales de Huari y Tiwanaku. Se concluye que las producciones líticas de Iwawi y Conchopata son poco similares y que una no se puede derivar de la otra.
13

¿Por qué surgió Tiwanaku y no otro centro político del Formativo Tardío?

Bandy, Matthew S. 10 April 2018 (has links)
Why did Tiwanaku emerge and not other Late Formative Politic Center?An attempt is made to answer the question "why Tiwanaku?" Between 300 and 500 A.D., the site of Tiwanaku assumed a dominant role in the Titicaca Basin social landscape. In this paper, I consider three possible explanations for this event: 1) conquest, 2) interzonal exchange, and 3) raised field agriculture. These scenarios are considered in light of settlement data recently collected by the author. / Se intenta formular una respuesta al problema de por qué surgió Tiwanaku. Entre 300 y 500 d.C., el sitio de Tiwanaku asumió un papel dominante dentro del paisaje social de la cuenca del Titicaca. La presente nota considera tres posibles explicaciones para el evento: 1) conquista, 2) intercambio interzonal, y 3) agricultura en campos elevados. Estas posibilidades se consideran en relación a datos de asentamientos arqueológicos que el autor ha recolectado de manera reciente.
14

Sunken Courts, Ritual Encounters, and Tiwanaku´s Rise as a Panregional Religious Center / Patios hundidos, encuentros rituales y el auge de Tiwanaku como centro religioso panregional

Janusek, John W. 10 April 2018 (has links)
Places of ritual encounter have been significant in South American Andean cultures for millennia. In this paper I examine the highland Andean center of Tiwanaku as a place of ritual encounter, focusing on changes in its built ceremonial structures and monuments from the Late Formative (200 BC-AD 500) to the Early Middle Horizon (AD 500-800). Specifically, I focus on changes in the total physical contexts of its sunken courts. Drawing on very recent research on the Late Formative, I conclude that Tiwanaku’s ascendance in the Middle Horizon was in great part its transformation from a local ritual-political center to a panregional urban ceremonial center. This transformation recursively depended on and produced new places of encounter and new types of ritual persons to maintain and visit them. / Durante milenios, los lugares de encuentros rituales han sido muy importantes en las culturas andinas de América del Sur. En el presente artículo se analiza el centro altiplánico de Tiwanaku como un lugar de encuentro ritual, con un énfasis en los cambios constructivos de los monumentos y estructuras ceremoniales desde el Periodo Formativo Tardío (200 a.C.-500 d.C.) hasta el Horizonte Medio Temprano (500-800 d.C.). De manera específica, se tratan los cambios de la totalidad de los contextos físicos en los patios hundidos. Sobre la base de investigaciones recientes, se concluye que la ascendencia tiwanaku durante el Horizonte Medio se debió, en gran parte, por su transformación de centro político-ritual local en uno de carácter ceremonial urbano y panregional. Esta transformación produjo y dependió de nuevos lugares de encuentro y de nuevos tipos de personajes rituales para mantenerlos y visitarlos.
15

Away from Home: A Bioarchaeological Approach to Migration, Community Interaction, and Social Diversity within the Tiwanaku Periphery (A.D. 500-1100)

January 2019 (has links)
abstract: Migrations, past and present, fundamentally influence human interaction, community building, and social evolution. Studies of contemporary migrations demonstrate that the form and intensity of interaction migrants maintain between homeland and host communities shape social dynamics, innovations, and identities. This dissertation applies a contemporary theoretical framework and biogeochemical analyses to elucidate the scale, processes, and impacts of migration in the hinterland of the pre-Hispanic Tiwanaku polity (ca. AD 500-1100). Social diversity is examined by reconstructing the migration histories and dietary choices of individuals interred at the Tiwanaku-affiliated site of Omo M10 in the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru. Radiogenic strontium and stable oxygen isotope data from human dental and skeletal elements are used to characterize intra- and inter-individual paleomobility patterns at Omo M10. When contextualized with archaeological evidence, these data reveal multigenerational interaction through migration between communities in the highland Tiwanaku heartland and at Omo M10. The observed greater mobility of females and juveniles at Omo M10 indicates that women and families played an essential role in maintaining social relationships and persistent cultural continuity in Moquegua Tiwanaku life. Contact with the highlands waned over time as disruption in the urban highland centers likely weakened ties to peripheral lowland communities. Stable carbon and nitrogen data from human dental and skeletal elements are employed to estimate intra- and inter-individual paleodietary patterns. Results indicate diet at Omo M10 varied depending on an individual’s community affiliation, sex, age, and level of mobility; diet broadly changed over time with shifting levels of interaction with highland Tiwanaku communities. Intra-individual biogeochemical analyses of migration and diet at Omo M10 contribute a nuanced perspective on the diverse experiences of multigenerational colonists on the periphery of the Tiwanaku polity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2019
16

Burial practices of the Tiwanaku : a comparative analysis of skeletal remains from Cochabamba, Bolivia /

Seifert, Kallie. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (B.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Also available online. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 37).
17

Influencia de Tiwanaku en la dieta de San pedro de Atacama: Análisis de la diferenciación social, vista desde el consumo de alimentos

Maturana Fernández, Anahí January 2017 (has links)
Antropóloga Física / El oasis de San Pedro de Atacama ha sido foco de gran interés arqueológico, ya que en este lugar existió una intensa ocupación humana que – gracias a las favorables condiciones climáticas – podemos rastrear para conocer los modos de vida de los primeros atacameños desde su asentamiento, y siguiendo el desarrollo histórico de estas poblaciones a lo largo del tiempo. El periodo Medio (400-1000 d.C) corresponde al período de expansión del Estado Tiwanaku, que incorporó vastos territorios desde la cuenca del Titicaca hasta la ultraperiferia surandina a través de diversos sistemas de inclusión. En el sector del oasis de San Pedro de Atacama, esta inserción fue de forma indirecta y afectó fuertemente en los modos de vida de la población local: producción, comercio e ideología sufrieron algún grado de cambio con la llegada del Estado Tiwanaku a la zona
18

New Insights Into Prehispanic Urban Organization at Tiwanaku (NE Bolivia): Cross Combined Approach of Photogrammetry, Magnetic Surveys and Previous Archaeological Excavations

Vella, M. A., Ernenwein, E. G., Janusek, J. W., Koons, M., Thiesson, J., Sanchez, C., Guérin, R., Camerlynck, C. 01 February 2019 (has links)
The prehispanic site of Tiwanaku, located in northeastern Bolivia, was the focus of many studies during the past few decades. However, much of the site remains unexplored, leaving many questions unanswered about the location of dense archaeological deposits, the nature of urban organization, and water management strategies—specifically those located in the eastern sector of the Akapana Pyramid. Orthophoto mosaics and Digital Elevation Models derived from drone imagery helped identify archaeological features and anthropogenic mounds. New magnetic survey produced with a cesium gradiometer was merged with previous surveys (fluxgate and cesium gradiometer). The integration of maps and plans from six areas of a previous archaeological investigation within a common Geographical Information System helped relate geophysical anomalies to archaeological features. Our results demonstrate a high level of urban organization associating monumental buildings to open ritual spaces and to densely populated areas during Tiwanaku IV (500–800 CE) and V (800–1100 CE). The complexity of the urban organization is also demonstrated by landscape modifications such as a complex water management system and at least three terraces that augmented the monumentality of the Akapana Pyramid This interdisciplinary approach, innovative in Bolivia, provides new insight into one of the most significant archaeological sites in the Andes.
19

The Growing Divide: Understanding Emergent Social Inequality in San Pedro de Atacama, Chile during the Middle Horizon through Bioarchaeology

Buck, Sharon Maria 28 May 2015 (has links)
No description available.
20

Pumapunku: plataformas y portales

Protzen, Jean-Pierre, Nair, Stella E. 10 April 2018 (has links)
Pumapunku: Platforms and PortalsFor the architect, the most challenging area of Tiwanaku is the Platform area of the Pumapunku, so named for the enormous slabs of sandstone that are found there. The shear size of the slabs is simply amazing, and the chaotic scene of innumerable worked stones and their fragments littering the area challenges one's imagination. What might the site have looked like?Concentrating our investigations on the many construction details and design elements that can still be discerned on the slabs and on the stone fragments, we were able to identify some of the principles of architectural composition used by the builders of Tiwanaku, as well as to reconstruct various parts of the architecture of the Pumapunku. / Una de las áreas más desafiantes del complejo de Tiwanaku es la correspondiente a las plataformas de Pumapunku, así llamada por las enormes losas de arenisca que se encuentran allí, que recuerdan a la Portada del Sol (punku=puerta). Su solo tamaño abruma y la caótica escena de innumerables fragmentos de piedras finamente labradas, sembradas sobre toda el área, exalta la imaginación. ¿Qué vista ofreció este sitio cuando estaba en pleno funcionamiento?Los autores centraron sus investigaciones en los detalles de construcción y elementos de diseño que aún pueden verse en las losas y fragmentos de piedra presentes en el sitio, y pudieron identificar algunos de los principios de composición arquitectónica utilizados por los constructores tiwanakotas, reconstruyendo así elementos de lo que una vez fue la arquitectura de Pumapunku.

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