Considerable research has been conducted on tourist souvenirs but one area that has been widely neglected in souvenir literature is the concept of wildlife souvenirs. Many tourists purchase wildlife products when they go traveling, as evidenced by the continued production, sale, and confiscation of wildlife items such as coral/shell jewellery and animal skin/fur accessories around the world. Endangered species are often infiltrated into the souvenir trade and tourists both knowingly and unknowingly purchase endangered items as trip memorabilia. While the economic, environmental, and legal implications of the trade in wildlife have been well documented, the impacts of wildlife souvenirs have not; particularly the environmental consequences which are predominantly unknown. The purpose of this research was to assess tourists’ awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of wildlife souvenirs by exploring their purchase behaviour, general awareness, attitudes and perceptions, perception of environmental impact, and awareness of importation laws. A survey was conducted in the resort town of Varadero, Cuba in order to assess the frame of mind of international tourists (and potential souvenir consumers) while abroad. The findings revealed that there were significant differences in the way tourists identify with wildlife souvenirs and that these differences were occasionally attributed to sex and age but frequently attributed to geographic region (or place of origin). In general, tourists were found to be largely unaware of the concept of wildlife souvenirs and their implications, and fickle in terms of their attitudes and behaviours. A greater effort to educate the traveling public about the trade in wildlife and wildlife souvenirs would be a valuable strategy in enhancing overall awareness, promoting sustainable consumer practices, and conserving the world’s wildlife resources.

Considerable research has been conducted on tourist souvenirs but one area that has been widely neglected in souvenir literature is the concept of wildlife souvenirs. Many tourists purchase wildlife products when they go traveling, as evidenced by the continued production, sale, and confiscation of wildlife items such as coral/shell jewellery and animal skin/fur accessories around the world. Endangered species are often infiltrated into the souvenir trade and tourists both knowingly and unknowingly purchase endangered items as trip memorabilia. While the economic, environmental, and legal implications of the trade in wildlife have been well documented, the impacts of wildlife souvenirs have not; particularly the environmental consequences which are predominantly unknown. The purpose of this research was to assess tourists’ awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of wildlife souvenirs by exploring their purchase behaviour, general awareness, attitudes and perceptions, perception of environmental impact, and awareness of importation laws. A survey was conducted in the resort town of Varadero, Cuba in order to assess the frame of mind of international tourists (and potential souvenir consumers) while abroad. The findings revealed that there were significant differences in the way tourists identify with wildlife souvenirs and that these differences were occasionally attributed to sex and age but frequently attributed to geographic region (or place of origin). In general, tourists were found to be largely unaware of the concept of wildlife souvenirs and their implications, and fickle in terms of their attitudes and behaviours. A greater effort to educate the traveling public about the trade in wildlife and wildlife souvenirs would be a valuable strategy in enhancing overall awareness, promoting sustainable consumer practices, and conserving the world’s wildlife resources.

Today, tourists seek authentic experiences from places they visit. For countries where the historic environment is a key component of tourism, the concept of maintaining authenticity is vital to encourage potential visitors. Historic buildings, such as castles, were built in a time when accessibility for people with disabilities was not a major concern. Today, the number of people living with a disability is increasing and is expected to continue to grow as a result of the aging population and longer life expectancy. While all people may have a desire to participate in tourism, and a similar growing interest in an authentic experience, a historic site is enjoyed by all interested visitors only when it is accessible to all. How does a service provider enhance accessibility while continuing to preserve authenticity of the historic site? A service provider of a historic site is faced with the extra challenge of juggling both disability and heritage policy requirements. Satisfying the needs of both can be difficult and may, at times, feel like accessibility at a historic site is an impossible goal. Researching the interaction between these two types of policy and the influence they have on accessibility and disability at historic sites assists in the discovery of policy areas that interfere with a service provider’s ability to enhance accessibility. This may increase knowledge of how to increase accessibility, and how policy currently influences the perpetuation of accessibility and disability at these tourist sites. The purpose of this case study is to explore Glamis Castle in Scotland to illuminate accessibility at the confluence of three power contexts: the economics of tourism, the preservation of historic buildings, and the inclusion of people with disabilities. Stories uncovering the confluence of the three power contexts and its influence on Glamis Castle were created. Using narrative case study methodology and Roe’s (1994) approach to narrative policy analysis, stories about accessibility and disability at Glamis Castle were created through visual and textual data, and a review of policy and other related documentation. The stories reveal the current state of disability and heritage policy and its effect on Glamis Castle, the current perpetuation of disability and accessibility at the site, and current challenges that service providers may face at historic sites. The stories reveal the need for service providers, staff, and the public to be provided with more educational opportunities to help enhance accessibility at historic sites and encourage inclusion; specifically, they provide insight into the influence choice has on enhancing accessibility at the macro, organizational and individual levels.

Today, tourists seek authentic experiences from places they visit. For countries where the historic environment is a key component of tourism, the concept of maintaining authenticity is vital to encourage potential visitors. Historic buildings, such as castles, were built in a time when accessibility for people with disabilities was not a major concern. Today, the number of people living with a disability is increasing and is expected to continue to grow as a result of the aging population and longer life expectancy. While all people may have a desire to participate in tourism, and a similar growing interest in an authentic experience, a historic site is enjoyed by all interested visitors only when it is accessible to all. How does a service provider enhance accessibility while continuing to preserve authenticity of the historic site? A service provider of a historic site is faced with the extra challenge of juggling both disability and heritage policy requirements. Satisfying the needs of both can be difficult and may, at times, feel like accessibility at a historic site is an impossible goal. Researching the interaction between these two types of policy and the influence they have on accessibility and disability at historic sites assists in the discovery of policy areas that interfere with a service provider’s ability to enhance accessibility. This may increase knowledge of how to increase accessibility, and how policy currently influences the perpetuation of accessibility and disability at these tourist sites. The purpose of this case study is to explore Glamis Castle in Scotland to illuminate accessibility at the confluence of three power contexts: the economics of tourism, the preservation of historic buildings, and the inclusion of people with disabilities. Stories uncovering the confluence of the three power contexts and its influence on Glamis Castle were created. Using narrative case study methodology and Roe’s (1994) approach to narrative policy analysis, stories about accessibility and disability at Glamis Castle were created through visual and textual data, and a review of policy and other related documentation. The stories reveal the current state of disability and heritage policy and its effect on Glamis Castle, the current perpetuation of disability and accessibility at the site, and current challenges that service providers may face at historic sites. The stories reveal the need for service providers, staff, and the public to be provided with more educational opportunities to help enhance accessibility at historic sites and encourage inclusion; specifically, they provide insight into the influence choice has on enhancing accessibility at the macro, organizational and individual levels.

No description available.

Tourism in England has grown to become an activity worth around £111billion to the English economy, and constituting around 4% of employment. This has led to increasing numbers of local areas becoming involved with tourism development. However local authorities supporting tourism are impacted by financial pressures and pressures for ‘less government’, which are indicative of a ‘managerial paradigm’ which has surrounded public sector management in England. This study has examined the impact of the managerial paradigm on management of tourism at the local level. Using the English cities as a ‘case’, a methodological triangulation of questionnaire and contact with senior management in local authorities involved with tourism policy was used. The findings have led to an important understanding of the current picture concerning public sector management of tourism at the local level. This study has found that tourism is worth over £17billion to the English cities, and supports around 360,000 jobs. The findings suggest that the driving forces that characterised the managerial state continue to impact management of local tourism. This study has also examined the impact of policy changes introduced by the Conservative/Liberal Democratic Coalition government on local tourism. The accession of a new government has led to a significant realignment in public sector engagement with tourism. Policy discourse has stressed government ambition for tourism to be ‘industry-led’ with a ‘re-balancing’ the economy towards the private sector. As a result, this study has found the most significant challenges facing local tourism management centre around financial pressures. Reductions in tourism budgets are leading to major changes in departmental structures and tourism managers’ roles. Reductions in tourism budgets are leading to significant pressures on tourism departments to raise income in order to make departments financially viable. This study has found that in some cases local authorities are ceasing to financially-support tourism. This research also suggests that pressure from government for the private sector to increasingly fund tourism partnerships may be difficult to achieve locally. Respondents have argued that high levels of engagement with the private sector already exist locally, and as the private sector in tourism is predominately small businesses there are limitations as to how much such businesses can contribute to marketing partnerships. Policy for the private sector having the ‘majority power’ in the new emerging tourism partnerships may also have implications for the motivation of such partnerships. Doubts have been raised in this study from within the public sector, concerning the ability of local tourism businesses to take ‘responsibility for their own future’ whilst at the same time protecting the public interest. It is concluded that a ‘realignment’ towards more private sector involvement in partnerships brings with it potential consequences if local tourism businesses are unable to ‘increasingly fund’ the new arrangements, and the new tourism bodies are unable to establish a ‘pluralistic’ tourism policy environment in their areas. With evident reductions in local authority budgets, it is legitimate to question the scope of funding that the emerging DMOs will have at their disposal, and thus their ability to deliver local ambitions for tourism development. Therefore, the new tourism partnerships will require careful structuring and management. However, their financial futures will inevitably hinge on the value that the private sector places on the new local tourism arrangement, and their ability to maintain the public interest will depend on striking an appropriate balance of power amongst all stakeholders within the partnership.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlbaOBL_TESE.pdf: 6038092 bytes, checksum: b243e97ef16edf8a96c8595cf122425b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-21 / The central interest of this thesis is to comprehend how the public action impels the formation and transformation of the tourist destinies. The research was based on the premise that the public actions are the result of the mediation process of state and non-state actors considered important in a section, which interact aiming for prevailing their interests and world visions above the others. The case of Porto de Galinhas beach, in Pernambuco, locus of the investigation of this thesis, allowed the analysis of a multiplicity of actors on the formation and implementation of local actions toward the development of the tourism between the years 1970 and 2010, as well as permitted the comprehension of the construction of the referential on the interventions made. This thesis, of a qualitative nature, has as theoretical support the cognitive approach of analysis of the public policies developed in France, and it has as main exponents the authors Bruno Jobert and Pierre Muller. This choice was made by the emphasis on the cognitive and normative factors of the politics, which aspects are not very explored in the studies of public policies in Brazil. As the source of the data collection, documental, bibliographic and field researches were utilized to the (re)constitution of the formation and transformation in the site concerned. The analysis techniques applied were the content and the documental analysis. To trace the public action referential, it started by the characterization of the touristic section frontiers and the creation of images by the main international body: the World Tourism Organization, of which analysis of the minutes of the meetings underscored guidelines to the member countries, including Brazil, which compounds the global-sectorial reference of the section. As from the analysis of the evolution of the tourism in the country, was identified that public policies in Brazil passed by transformations in their organization over the years, indicating changes in the referential that guided the interventions. These guidelines and transformations were identified in the construction of the tourist destination of Porto de Galinhas, of which data was systematized and presented in four historical periods, in which were discussed the values, the standard, the algorithms, the images and the important mediators. It has been revealed that the State worked in different roles in the decades analyzed in local tourism. From the 1990s, however, new actors were inserted in the formulation and implementation of policies developed, especially for local hotelkeepers. These, through their association, establishes a leadership relation in the local touristic section, thereby, they could set their hegemony and spread their own interest. The leadership acquired by a group of actors, in the case of Porto de Galinhas, does not mean that trade within the industry were neutralized, but that there is a cognitive framework that confronts the actors involved. In spite of the advances achieved by the work of the mediators in the last decades, that resulted in an amplification and diversification of the activity in the area, as well as the consolidation at the beach, as a tourist destiny of national standout, the position of the place is instable, concerned to the competitiveness, once that there is an situation of social and environmental unsustainability / O objetivo geral desta tese foi compreender como a a??o p?blica impulsiona a forma??o e transforma??o de destinos tur?sticos. A investiga??o baseou-se na premissa de que as a??es p?blicas s?o o resultado do processo de media??o de atores estatais e n?o estatais considerados importantes em um setor, os quais interagem visando prevalecer seus interesses e suas vis?es de mundo sobre os demais. O caso da praia de Porto de Galinhas, em Pernambuco, l?cus de investiga??o desta tese, permitiu a an?lise de uma multiplicidade de atores na forma??o e implementa??o de a??es locais voltadas ao desenvolvimento do turismo nos anos de 1970 a 2010, bem como permitiu a compreens?o da constru??o do referencial das interven??es realizadas. A tese, de natureza qualitativa, teve como suporte te?rico a abordagem cognitiva de an?lise de pol?ticas p?blicas desenvolvida na Fran?a, tendo como expoentes principais os autores Bruno Jobert e Pierre Muller. Esta escolha foi feita pela ?nfase conferida aos fatores cognitivos e normativos da pol?tica, aspectos estes pouco explorados nos estudos de pol?ticas p?blicas no Brasil. Foram utilizadas a pesquisa documental, a bibliogr?fica e a de campo como fontes de coleta de dados para a re(constitui??o) da forma??o e transforma??o deste destino. As t?cnicas de an?lises empregadas foram: a an?lise de conte?do e a documental. Para tra?ar o referencial da a??o p?blica, partiu-se da caracteriza??o das fronteiras do setor de turismo e a cria??o de imagens pelo principal ?rg?o internacional: a Organiza??o Mundial do Turismo. A partir da an?lise da evolu??o do turismo no pa?s, identificou-se que as pol?ticas p?blicas no Brasil passaram por transforma??es na sua promo??o ao longo dos anos, indicando mudan?as no referencial que nortearam as interven??es. Estas diretrizes e transforma??es foram identificadas na constru??o do destino tur?stico de Porto de Galinhas, cujos dados foram sistematizados e apresentados em quatro per?odos hist?ricos, nos quais foram discutidos os valores, as normas, os algoritmos, as imagens e os mediadores relevantes. Identificou-se que o Estado atuou em diferentes papeis nas d?cadas analisadas no turismo local. A partir da d?cada de 1990, contudo, novos atores foram inseridos na formula??o e implementa??o das pol?ticas desenvolvidas, com destaque para os hoteleiros locais. Estes, por meio da sua associa??o, instauraram uma rela??o de lideran?a no setor tur?stico local, com isso, eles conseguiram firmar sua hegemonia e disseminar seus pr?prios interesses. A lideran?a adquirida por um grupo de atores, no caso de Porto de Galinhas, n?o significa que as trocas no interior do setor foram neutralizadas, mas sim que existe um quadro cognitivo que se confronta com os atores envolvidos. Apesar dos avan?os obtidos pelo trabalho dos mediadores nas ?ltimas d?cadas que resultaram na amplia??o e diversifica??o da atividade na regi?o, bem como na consolida??o da praia como um destino tur?stico de destaque em n?vel nacional, a posi??o do destino ? inst?vel em rela??o ? competitividade uma vez que existe um ambiente de fr?gil sustentabilidade social e ambiental

The aim of this thesis was to analyze the possibilities of tourism in the Jihlava, and with regard to rural tourism. The theoretical part has been developed from the literature on this issue and the website. In the theoretical part was characterized by the Jihlava region and in tourism and other visitor attractions. The practical part of the preparation of questionnaires and subsequent questionnaires. Questionnaire aimed at objects and guests of rural tourism. Evaluation questionnaires are used to confirm or refute those hypotheses. Poslech Fonetický přepis Slovník - Zobrazit podrobný slovník

A pesquisa integra o debate sobre política pública e competitividade de destinos turísticos, tendo como objeto o índice de competitividade turística (ICT) adotado pelo Ministério do Turismo (MTur), fruto da parceria com a Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) e o SEBRAE Nacional, a partir da definição dos 65 destinos indutores do desenvolvimento turístico. Tem como objetivo geral analisar o ICT no contexto da política nacional de turismo. Para tanto, apresenta como objetivos específicos: traçar a trajetória da política ligada aos destinos indutores e ao ICT no MTur; analisar a metodologia do ICT sob a luz de modelos internacionais de competitividade turística e verificar a influência do ICT na definição de políticas públicas municipais nos destinos indutores, bem como a visão dos gestores sobre a política nacional. O percurso metodológico envolveu uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e a realização de entrevistas abertas junto a cinco atores institucionais do MTur, do SEBRAE Nacional da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) que ocupavam, na ocasião do surgimento do ICT, uma posição de liderança na implementação da política nacional e na criação da metodologia. Aplicou-se ainda um de questionário online com perguntas fechadas e abertas junto a 33 gestores (ou ex-gestores) de turismo dos destinos indutores que participaram do ICT, ainda que não ocupem tal função atualmente. A discussão aponta que a política dos destinos indutores e do ICT surge a partir da necessidade de aumentar a competitividade dos destinos brasileiros e do reconhecimento de que políticas públicas podem influenciar a competitividade. A seleção dos 65 destinos indutores e a criação do ICT demonstra a preocupação do MTur em oferecer uma ferramenta que norteasse ações e políticas para desenvolvimento dos destinos e em definir um recorte prioritário para investimentos. Acredita-se, porém, que os resultados foram pontuais, principalmente em função da mudança de estratégia do MTur frente ao ICT e aos destinos indutores, assim como da interrupção da política sem efetivo direcionamento de investimentos. Verificou-se que a metodologia do ICT apresenta algumas semelhanças com os modelos internacionais analisados, apesar de não haver consenso sobre os determinantes da competitividade. Por fim, acredita-se que os modelos de competitividade turística devem se preocupar primeiramente em separar os elementos que seriam suas causas e suas consequências e, a partir daí, determinar as formas de mensurar ambos. Avaliar ao longo do tempo a relação entre causa e efeito parece ser um caminho interessante a ser explorado. A presente proposta de pesquisa não pretende encerrar discussões acerca da competitividade turística e do índice adotado pelo MTur no contexto da política nacional e sim contribuir para a reflexão sobre a temática / This research composes the debate on public policy and competitiveness of tourist destinations and has as its object the tourism competitiveness index (ICT) used by the Ministry of Tourism (MTur) as a result of the partnership with the Fundação Getulio Vargas and SEBRAE, defining 65 inductor tourist destinations for tourism development. It has the main propose of analyzing the ICT in the scope of national tourism public policy. To do so, it has as specific objectives: to delineate the policy path linked to the key destinations and the ICT at the MTur; to analyze the ICT methodology under the light of destination competitiveness international models and to verify the influence of the ICT in the definition of local public policies in the inductor destinations, as well as the managers view on the national policy. The methodological path involved a wide bibliographical and documentary research and the conduction of open interviews with five institutional stakeholders of the MTur, SEBRAE and FGV who held a leadership position by the emergence of ICT. An online questionnaire with open and closed questions was also applied to 33 managers (or formers managers) of tourism of the inductor destinations that had participated in the ICT, even though they do not occupy this position currently. The discussion points out that the inductor destinations policy and the ICT arise from the need to increase the competitiveness of Brazilian destinations and from the recognition that public policies can influence competitiveness. The selection of 65 key destinations and the creation of the ICT demonstrate the concern of the MTur in offering a tool to guide actions and policies for the development of destinations and to define a priority area for investments. However, it is believed that the results were punctual, mainly due to the change of strategy of MTur against the ICT and key destinations, as well as the interruption of the policy without effective direction of investments. It was verified that the ICT methodology presents some similarities with the international models analyzed, although there is no consensus on the determinants of competitiveness. Finally, it is believed that the models of tourist competitiveness should first be concerned with separating the elements that would be their causes and their consequences and, from there, determining the ways of measuring both. Assessing the relationship between cause and effect over time seems to be an interesting path to be explored. This researchs proposal does not intend to end discussions about the tourism competitiveness and the index adopted by the MTur in the context of the national policy, but to contribute to the reflection on the theme

This master thesis deals with the function of the strategic planning for the tourism policy in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol. Tourism stands for a very important sector of the Tyrol's economy and there are many participants who influence its coursing on the vertical and horizontal level as well. The issue is very complex, multi-layer and cross-sectional. Strategic documents belong to the characteristic attributes of the Tyrol's tourism policy since the 1970's. Their existence is enshrined in the Tyrol's Law on the Tourism Policy. The newest strategic document is called Der Tiroler Weg 2021. The mainstay of this master thesis is based on the analysis of the attitude, that the Tyrol's political system holds on the forming of this special and non-legislative document. The strategic planning is intentionally shifted from the political system to other extern subjects, to them the following belong: the organisation Tirol Werbung GmbH, Economic Chamber of Tyrol and the Association of the Tyrol's Tourism Unions. The master thesis aims to find out, what motivations make the political system to act in this way and how can this outsourcing in the strategic planning for this multi-sectoral sector help to coordinate the different interests of many involved participants, towards the sustainable development...