L’objet de cette recherche est de comprendre comment le touriste utilise son smartphone pour découvrir une destination touristique. Nous développons et testons un modèle de diffusion des usages du smartphone. Nous identifions trois catégories d’usages de services mobiles, les services mobiles d’orientation, d’organisation et de recherche d’informations localisées (SMOORIL). Le modèle considère 4 déterminants liés aux caractéristiques personnelles du touriste et 3 déterminants liés au contexte d’usage. Des conséquences de ces usages sont identifiées pour l’expérience touristique et la satisfaction avec ces services. Les relations entre les variables sont examinées à l’aide d’une modélisation par équations structurelles. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que les usages de SMOORIL sont principalement expliqués par les usages quotidiens du smartphone et que le besoin de déconnexion n’a pas d’effet sur ce type d’usages. En outre, si les usages de SMOORIL ont un effet positif sur l’expérience touristique, le fait pour le touriste de percevoir des effets de ces usages sur la dimension sociale de l’expérience touristique affecte négativement sa satisfaction des SMOORIL. D’un point de vue conceptuel, ce travail propose un cadre d’analyse des relations entre le comportement virtuel et physique du consommateur. Au niveau théorique, cette recherche montre l’intérêt d’étudier les usages pour comprendre comment le consommateur utilise le smartphone pour découvrir l’espace géographique. Enfin, cette recherche invite les professionnels à réfléchir à la pertinence de proposer des services mobiles aux touristes en fonction du type d’expérience(s) offert par la destination. / The purpose of this research is to understand how the tourist uses his smartphone to discover a tourist destina- tion. We develop and test a model of use-diffusion of smartphone .We identify three categories of mobile services uses, orientation, organization and search for information located (SMOORIL). The model considers four deter- minants related to the personal characteristics of the tourist and 3 determinants related to the context of use. The consequences of these practices are identified for tourist experience and satisfaction with these services. The re- lationships between variables were examined using a structural equation modeling. Results of this research show that SMOORIL uses are mainly explained by smartphone daily uses. Need to disconnect has no effect on this kind of use. Also, if SMOORIL uses have a positive effect on tourism experience, the fact that tourists perceive effect of these practices on social dimension of tourism experience negatively affect satisfaction with SMOORIL. From a conceptual point of view, this work proposes a framework to analyzing relationships between virtual and physical consumer behavior. From a theoretical perspective, this research shows importance of studying uses to understand how the consumer uses smartphone to discover geographical space. Finally, this research invites professionals to reflect on the relevance of offer mobile services to tourists according to type of experience(s) offered by the destination.

A presente tese tem por objetivo principal identificar as possibilidades de uma factível e confiável avaliação do potencial turístico de localidades receptoras e como objetivos secundários/específicos analisar a abordagem do objeto de estudo nas bibliografias nacional e internacional específicas e propor a formulação e a utilização de um instrumento de avaliação do potencial turístico de localidades receptoras, a fim de minimizar o caráter subjetivo predominante neste tipo de análise. Os procedimentos adotados para a verificação das hipóteses formuladas foram: pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória sobre o tema, com levantamento da bibliografia pertinente para a constituição do referencial teórico; definição dos municípios-objetos de estudo (Guaratinguetá e Cunha/SP, localizados no eixo principal do Roteiro Integrado Estrada Real representante da Região Sudeste no Projeto Rede de Cooperação Técnica para a Roteirização, do Programa de Regionalização do Turismo Roteiros do Brasil); pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo sobre os municípios-objetos de estudo; formulação do instrumento de avaliação do potencial turístico, a partir da definição das variáveis a serem identificadas e de sua operacionalização; desenvolvimento e aplicação do instrumento de avaliação do potencial turístico proposto nos municípios escolhidos; análise dos dados e cruzamento das informações obtidas com o referencial teórico constituído inicialmente. Chega-se, por fim, a uma comparação entre o potencial turístico de Guaratinguetá e Cunha à luz da definição ora estabelecida e recomenda-se a aplicação do instrumento, com as adaptações e os ajustes necessários, a outras localidades, a fim de possibilitar melhores condições para o planejamento e a gestão da atividade turística nas localidades receptoras e para um direcionamento mais adequado das políticas e dos investimentos públicos na área. / This present thesis aims at identifying the possibilities of a enforceable and dependable assessment of touristic potential receptive locations and has as secondary/specific objectives analyzing the approach on the object of the study in specialized national and international bibliographies as well as proposing the formulation and use of an assessment instrument for touristic potential of receptive locations in order to minimize the predominant subjective character in this sort of analysis. The procedures adopted for verification of the formulated hypothesis have been: exploratory bibliographic research on the theme, including investigation of pertinent bibliography for constitution of theoretical referential; definition of citiesobject (Guaratinguetá and Cunha/SP, located in the main axis of Real Road Integrated Route representatives of the Southern Region in the Project Technical Cooperation Network for Routing, of the Tourism Regionalization Program Routes of Brazil); bibliographical and field research in the cities-object of study; formulation of an assessment instrument of touristic potential from a definition of touristic potential variables yet to be identified and of their operationalization; development and application of the assessment instrument of touristic potential proposed in the chosen cities; data analysis and information crossing obtained through theoretical reference initially constituted. It eventually reaches to a comparison between the touristic potential of Guaratinguetá and Cunha in the light of the definition now established and recommends the instrument application - with all necessary adaptations and adjustments - to other locations, in order to provide better conditions for planning and management of touristic activities in the receptive locations and a more adequate implementation of public politics and investments in the area.

Up to now, the marketing of the Lambayeque region as a tourist destination has been able to make important progress in the growth of domestic tourists flow. 40% of these tourists come from the capital, mostly they arrive in this region, mainly for business reasons. However, little progress is shown in relation to Incoming tourism, because from 100% of visitors who arrive to this touristic destination only 5% are of foreign origin.Furthermore, in 2011, from the total foreign tourists that visited the Moche Route - La Libertad region and Lambayeque region, 70% remained in the first one and only 30% visited both regions, completing the touristic circuit. The recommendations of the teachers of the Universidad del Pacífico, Universidad Esan and Centrum Católica, who have been interviewed are compared with the businessmen’s opinions in the region, showing the importance of targeting the tourism marketing strategy. Thus, it seeks to create value in different niches of the source markets, to prioritize potential tourists from brotherly countries, to link emotionally the tourist with the city, to build brands for each touristic product, to invest in highly specialized tourism and to improve significantly the clusters organization of the tourism sector in the region.We conclude that, in the region of Lambayeque, isolated efforts have been made regarding the incoming marketing, but, according to the needs, tastes and preferences of the potential tourist, this does not fulfill the international standards. This is demonstrated by the results achieved up to now—in terms of the foreign visitors’ number—. To that extent, It emphasizes the importance of the design and the implementation of a marketing plan connected with market reality.It should profit from the national brand and develop regional and local brand based on the international touristic demand-supply relation to market niches. / A la fecha, el marketing de la región de Lambayeque como destino turístico ha logrado avanzar en el crecimiento del flujo de turistas nacionales. Estos, en un 40%, provienen de la capital y, en su mayoría, arriban a esta región, principalmente, por razones de negocio. Sin embargo, poco avance se muestra en cuanto al turismo receptivo, dado que del 100% de visitantes que llegan a este destino turístico solo el 5% es de origen extranjero. Además, del total de turistas extranjeros que, en el 2011, visitaron la ruta Moche —región de La Libertad y región de Lambayeque—, el 70% se quedó en la primera y solo el 30% visitó ambas regiones, completando el circuito turístico. Las recomendaciones de los profesores entrevistados de la Universidad del Pacífico, Universidad Esan y Centrum Católica —que son comparadas con las opiniones de los empresarios de la región—, muestran la importancia de focalizar la estrategia de marketing turístico. De este modo, se busca generar valor en los diferentes nichos de los mercados emisores, priorizar los potenciales turistas de países hermanos, vincular emocionalmente al turista con la ciudad, desarrollar marcas para cada producto turístico, invertir en turismo altamente especializado y mejorar significativamente la organización de los clusters del sector turismo de la región. Se concluye que, en la región de Lambayeque, se han realizado esfuerzos aislados respecto al marketing receptivo, pero que, de acuerdo a las necesidades, gustos y preferencias del potencial turista, este no cumple con estándares internacionales. Ello se demuestra por los resultados logrados a la fecha —en cuanto al número de visitantes extranjeros—. En esa medida, destaca la importancia del diseño y de la implementación de un plan de marketing conectados con la realidad del mercado. Se debe ubicar bajo la cobertura de la marca país y desarrollar la marca regional y local basándose en la relación demanda-oferta turística internacional por nichos de mercado.

A presente tese tem por objetivo principal identificar as possibilidades de uma factível e confiável avaliação do potencial turístico de localidades receptoras e como objetivos secundários/específicos analisar a abordagem do objeto de estudo nas bibliografias nacional e internacional específicas e propor a formulação e a utilização de um instrumento de avaliação do potencial turístico de localidades receptoras, a fim de minimizar o caráter subjetivo predominante neste tipo de análise. Os procedimentos adotados para a verificação das hipóteses formuladas foram: pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória sobre o tema, com levantamento da bibliografia pertinente para a constituição do referencial teórico; definição dos municípios-objetos de estudo (Guaratinguetá e Cunha/SP, localizados no eixo principal do Roteiro Integrado Estrada Real representante da Região Sudeste no Projeto Rede de Cooperação Técnica para a Roteirização, do Programa de Regionalização do Turismo Roteiros do Brasil); pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo sobre os municípios-objetos de estudo; formulação do instrumento de avaliação do potencial turístico, a partir da definição das variáveis a serem identificadas e de sua operacionalização; desenvolvimento e aplicação do instrumento de avaliação do potencial turístico proposto nos municípios escolhidos; análise dos dados e cruzamento das informações obtidas com o referencial teórico constituído inicialmente. Chega-se, por fim, a uma comparação entre o potencial turístico de Guaratinguetá e Cunha à luz da definição ora estabelecida e recomenda-se a aplicação do instrumento, com as adaptações e os ajustes necessários, a outras localidades, a fim de possibilitar melhores condições para o planejamento e a gestão da atividade turística nas localidades receptoras e para um direcionamento mais adequado das políticas e dos investimentos públicos na área. / This present thesis aims at identifying the possibilities of a enforceable and dependable assessment of touristic potential receptive locations and has as secondary/specific objectives analyzing the approach on the object of the study in specialized national and international bibliographies as well as proposing the formulation and use of an assessment instrument for touristic potential of receptive locations in order to minimize the predominant subjective character in this sort of analysis. The procedures adopted for verification of the formulated hypothesis have been: exploratory bibliographic research on the theme, including investigation of pertinent bibliography for constitution of theoretical referential; definition of citiesobject (Guaratinguetá and Cunha/SP, located in the main axis of Real Road Integrated Route representatives of the Southern Region in the Project Technical Cooperation Network for Routing, of the Tourism Regionalization Program Routes of Brazil); bibliographical and field research in the cities-object of study; formulation of an assessment instrument of touristic potential from a definition of touristic potential variables yet to be identified and of their operationalization; development and application of the assessment instrument of touristic potential proposed in the chosen cities; data analysis and information crossing obtained through theoretical reference initially constituted. It eventually reaches to a comparison between the touristic potential of Guaratinguetá and Cunha in the light of the definition now established and recommends the instrument application - with all necessary adaptations and adjustments - to other locations, in order to provide better conditions for planning and management of touristic activities in the receptive locations and a more adequate implementation of public politics and investments in the area.

The aim of the study was to examine what the economic and touristic impacts of the sports event - UEFA EURO 2012 - will have on Polish regions. The essay was limited to some specific regions in Poland. Those regions were Gniewino, Malbork, Kalisz, Legionowo, Pommerian Province, Cracow, Olsztyn and Zamosc. The Football Championships that will be held in 2012 are dependent of the big amount of football fans that will came and spend their money in Polish regions. Thanks to the increased consumption this creates demand for local services and products. The generator of spending is the tourism multiplier that is the main link to the touristic expenditure.The multiplier is a catalyst of the region that creates jobs, growing yield, promotion of the region and improvement of its infrastructure and leisure facilities. This is considered as an advantage from an economical and touristic point of view. The economical and tourstic benefits are different for every mentioned region in the study because of their location and link to the UEFA EURO 2012. This study shows only how the different eight regions prepare for the UEFA EURO 2012 and what they think that the negative and positive economical and touristic impacts will gain them. The study gives only a short brief of the football event of what can happen.

A cartografia é a arte de transformar o espaço numa versão reduzida da realidade, numa proporção capaz de ser apropriada e transportada através dos mapas. Pesquisá-los é viajar quilômetros em um segundo e poder retornar no mesmo instante. Os mapas são capazes de guardar consigo uma parte importante da história social do espaço, na medida em que traduzem em uma imagem o contexto social da época em que foram elaborados. No entanto, sendo os mapas o resultado de um processo histórico e social, eles adquirem uma grande carga de subjetividade. No ato de comunicar sobre o espaço os mapas transmitem discursos carregados de ideologias, muitas vezes relacionadas com o poder e a apropriação do espaço. O objetivo desta pesquisa de doutoramento foi analisar os discursos emitidos por uma série de mapas turísticos sobre a cidade de João Pessoa. A análise foi feita através de uma leitura que buscou ultrapassar o sentido literal e propondo uma compreensão da realidade sob a perspectiva da Cartografia Histórica. Para tanto foi necessária uma compreensão da história inicial da produção do espaço da cidade e de seu desenvolvimento mais recente, levando em conta também o atual contexto do turismo na cidade. Os mapas foram analisados sob o ponto de vista crítico, buscando identificar as contradições e conflitos através dos descuidos, exageros e omissões contidos nas suas informações. / Cartography is the art of turning the space into a reduced version of reality, in a proportion that can be appropriated and transported through the maps. Researching them means being able to travel miles in a second and to return at the same moment. The maps are able to keep an important part of the space social history since they reflect the social context of the time they are made. However, the maps are the result of a historical and social process, they acquire a great deal of subjectivity. On their communication about space, the maps convey information laden with ideologies often related to authorities and the space appropriation. The aim of this doctoral research was to analyze the discourse issued by touristic maps of João Pessoa city. The analysis was carried out by performing a reading of the maps aiming to go beyond the literal meaning of information and by proposing an understanding of reality from the perspective of Historical Cartography. For this purpose it was required an understanding of the early history of the space city formation and its latest development as well as considering the current tourism context in the city. The maps were analyzed from a critical point of view, seeking to identify the contradictions and conflicts through the negligences, exaggerations and omissions contained in their information.

A cartografia é a arte de transformar o espaço numa versão reduzida da realidade, numa proporção capaz de ser apropriada e transportada através dos mapas. Pesquisá-los é viajar quilômetros em um segundo e poder retornar no mesmo instante. Os mapas são capazes de guardar consigo uma parte importante da história social do espaço, na medida em que traduzem em uma imagem o contexto social da época em que foram elaborados. No entanto, sendo os mapas o resultado de um processo histórico e social, eles adquirem uma grande carga de subjetividade. No ato de comunicar sobre o espaço os mapas transmitem discursos carregados de ideologias, muitas vezes relacionadas com o poder e a apropriação do espaço. O objetivo desta pesquisa de doutoramento foi analisar os discursos emitidos por uma série de mapas turísticos sobre a cidade de João Pessoa. A análise foi feita através de uma leitura que buscou ultrapassar o sentido literal e propondo uma compreensão da realidade sob a perspectiva da Cartografia Histórica. Para tanto foi necessária uma compreensão da história inicial da produção do espaço da cidade e de seu desenvolvimento mais recente, levando em conta também o atual contexto do turismo na cidade. Os mapas foram analisados sob o ponto de vista crítico, buscando identificar as contradições e conflitos através dos descuidos, exageros e omissões contidos nas suas informações. / Cartography is the art of turning the space into a reduced version of reality, in a proportion that can be appropriated and transported through the maps. Researching them means being able to travel miles in a second and to return at the same moment. The maps are able to keep an important part of the space social history since they reflect the social context of the time they are made. However, the maps are the result of a historical and social process, they acquire a great deal of subjectivity. On their communication about space, the maps convey information laden with ideologies often related to authorities and the space appropriation. The aim of this doctoral research was to analyze the discourse issued by touristic maps of João Pessoa city. The analysis was carried out by performing a reading of the maps aiming to go beyond the literal meaning of information and by proposing an understanding of reality from the perspective of Historical Cartography. For this purpose it was required an understanding of the early history of the space city formation and its latest development as well as considering the current tourism context in the city. The maps were analyzed from a critical point of view, seeking to identify the contradictions and conflicts through the negligences, exaggerations and omissions contained in their information.

The paper analyses the position of the narrow-gauge railway of Jindřichův Hradec in tourism of the region. The first part characterizes the area, its potency for tourism and analyses visitors in the region. The second part deals with detailed description of the narrow-gauge railway and the company Jindřichohradecké místní dráhy a.s., which owns and conducts the railway. The last part analyses the position of the narrow-gauge railway in tourism based on ascertained data and according to analisys suggests further development of the railway.

<p>Polazeći od predmeta i sadržaja turizma (kombinacije odnosa obezbeđenja produkta, usluga i pogodnosti turizma, olak&scaron;ano je uočiti vi&scaron;eznačnost delovanja turizma na privredni razvoj Crnogorskog primorja. Za Primorje je od osobitog značaja pratiti ekonomske efekte turizma, koji se sastoji u sledećem: -neposrednom razvoju delatnosti iz kompleksa turističke privrede, - realizaciji značajnog deviznog priliva putem razvoja inostranog turizma - podsticanju razvoja manje razvijenih područja - posebne pogodnost treba videti u činjenici da se iz godine u godinu zakonomerno uvećava turistička tražnja - prihvatanje koncepta ubrzane industrijalizacije kao metoda razvoja. Kroz odvijanje procesa vlasničke, organizaciono-upravljačke i finansijske transformacije, hotelsko-turistička privreda nadalje će ostvarivati povoljniji&nbsp; kvalitet u ekonomiji.</p> / <p>In the wide area of the montenegrain coast, there are objects foreseen for recreation, nauticsm, commune activities and others, about which there will be said in the chapter. It was very difficult to get to any information about some of those objects, so that they will be analysed on a more general level, like the dwelling houses, temporary objects, sports grounds, as well as social and private institutions.</p>

This dissertation presents an investigation into the notion of the freak in the guise of exotic characters as these appear in the strange creature-figures in Jane Alexander’s (b. 1959) installation artwork African Adventure (1999-2002). The installation artwork reveals issues pertaining to the way in which the exotic nature of the freak is made manifest in its hybrid spatio-temporal nature, with reference also to the understanding that freaks are often presented as strange yet awesome consumer objects. Alexander’s view of art and her oeuvre are contextualised within the South African milieu which is characterised by change, and laced with utopian as well as dystopian sentiments. The interpretation of African Adventure is theoretically entrenched in certain key concepts: the freak, the exotic, and hybridity, as these are made manifest in the reading of the characters, time and place presented in the installation artwork as allegorical reflection of contemporary South African society. The exploration of the work’s spatio-temporal dimensions are guided by establishing a link between, on the one hand, the desire for experiencing the thrill of the unusual (both in terms of a perspective of a colonial safari as well as the contemporary tourist gaze) and, on the other hand, a number of problematic issues in contemporary South African society. I demonstrate that the South African landscape, people and most likely also history are regarded as exotic – with the freakish associations this implies – also because post-apartheid South Africa has the status of a rarity that can be experienced as an adventure landscape. I further demonstrate how the freak’s exotic figuration ironically reverses the experience of empowered looking, with reference here to the notion of spectacle. In a space where contradiction is exposed for contemplation, this ironic reversal in its hybrid embodiment is understood as a space of reconstitution. In this manner, the presumed notion of a stable South African collective is challenged; South African society comprising of so many hybrid identities is rather understood to be the sum of contestible information where the possibility of fragmented experiences of chaos and reconciliation can coexist. As such, cultural reconstitution and renewal are not based on the exoticism of multiculturalism, but on the articulation of a culture’s hybridity. / MA (History of Art), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014