Introdução: Prejuízos na atenção, concentração e execução de tarefas, entre outras funções cognitivas, parecem ser frequentes em doentes com câncer e em cuidados paliativos e podem comprometer o cotidiano desses pacientes. No entanto, há poucos estudos sobre o tema e desconhecem-se testes validados para essa população no Brasil. Objetivo: Validar o Teste de Trilhas B (TT-B) para uso em pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Método: Trata-se de estudo metodológico, de validação de instrumento, que envolveu pacientes (n=94) em tratamento paliativo no Ambulatório de Quimioterapia do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo e seus acompanhantes (n=39). Os avaliados realizaram o TT-B e responderam dados sócio-demográficos, sobre a presença e intensidade de dor, de fadiga, sobre a qualidade do sono, ansiedade e depressão, em dois momentos, com intervalo máximo de sete dias. Os doentes também foram caracterizados quanto à doença e tratamento. As validades convergente e divergente foram testadas pela correlação entre o desempenho no TT-B, mensurado pelo tempo para a realização do teste e o número de erros cometidos, com a intensidade da dor, da fadiga, da ansiedade, da depressão e do repouso atribuído ao sono da noite anterior às avaliações. A validade discriminante foi testada pela comparação do TT-B entre doentes e sadios. A estabilidade do TT-B, em doentes e sadios, foi avaliada por meio de teste e reteste. Resultados: Os doentes tinham câncer colo-retal (47,8%), câncer de mama (15,9%), a totalidade apresentava metástase, foram homens (52,1%), com idade média de 53 anos. Para os doentes, o tempo médio de realização do TT-B foi de 147,5 segundos na primeira e 132 segundos na segunda avaliação e o número de erros médio foi de 1 na primeira e 0,8 na segunda avaliação. Para os acompanhantes o tempo de realização do TT-B foi de 127,3 e 110,7 segundos na primeira e segunda avaliação respectivamente e o número de erros foi 0,9 na primeira e 0,6 na segunda avaliação. O instrumento discriminou doentes de sadios em relação ao tempo utilizado para a realização do teste na primeira (p=0,014) e na segunda (p=0,035) avaliação, indicando melhor desempenho para os sadios, mas não em relação ao número de erros. O teste foi estável entre os sadios nas duas avaliações, tanto em relação ao tempo (p=0,071) quanto em relação ao número de erros (p=0,352) e entre os doentes o instrumento foi estável apenas em relação ao número de erros (p=0,913). O TT-B não demonstrou correlações significativas com dor, fadiga, depressão, ansiedade e descanso, o que causou estranheza. Conclusão: O TT-B está em processo de validação. Mostrou-se capaz de discriminar doentes de sadios e foi estável entre os saudáveis. Recomenda-se a continuidade de estudos com amostras maiores e a utilização do TT-B em paralelo a outro instrumento que avalie a função executiva. / Introduction: Impairments in attention, concentration and execution of tasks, among other cognitive functions, seem to be frequent in patients with cancer in palliative care and they can affect patients daily life. However, there are few studies about the theme and to our knowledge there are no validated tests for this population in Brazil. Objective: To validate Trial Making TestB (TMT-B) for assessment of patients with cancer in palliative care. Methods: Methodological study to validate an instrument that involved patients (n=94) in palliative treatment at the Clinic of Chemotherapy of the Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo and their healthy accompanying person (n=39). Patients were tested on TMT-B and answered demographic data, questions about the presence of pain and intensity, fatigue, quality of sleep, anxiety and depression, in two moments, with maximum interval of seven days. The patients were also characterized according to disease and treatment. The convergent and divergent validities were tested by the correlation between the performance on TMT-B, measured by the amount of time required to complete the task and the number of mistakes, and pain intensity, fatigue, anxiety, depression and the rest attributed to sleep in the previous night before assessments. The discriminate validity was tested by the comparison of TMT-B between patients and healthy accompany persons. The stability of TMT-B, in patients and healthy companions was evaluated through test and re-test. Results: The patients had colorectal cancer (47.8%), followed by breast cancer (15.9%), the totality presented metastasis, most patients were men (52.1%), mean age was 53 years. For patients, mean time required to complete TMT-B was 147.5 seconds in the first and 132 seconds in the second assessments and the mean number of mistakes was 1 in the first and 0.8 in the second assessments. For the healthy accompany person, the time required to complete TMT-B was respectively 127.3 and 110.7 seconds in the first and second assessments and the number of mistakes was 0.9 in the first and 0.6 in the second assessments. The instrument discriminated patients from healthy accompany persons regarding time required to complete the test in the first (p=0.014) and second (p=0.035) assessments, indicating better performance for the healthy ones, but not in relation to the number of mistakes. The test was stable among healthy people in the two assessments regarding time (p=0.071) and number of mistakes (p=0.352); for patients, the instrument was stable only in relation to the number of mistakes (p=0.913). TMT-B did not demonstrate significant correlations with pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety and rest. Conclusion: TMT-B is in validation process. It was able to discriminate between patients and healthy accompany persons and was stable for the healthy ones. Further studies are recommended with larger samples as well as the use of TMT-B in parallel to other instrument that evaluates the executive function.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-10-09T19:25:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 kellyoliveiradoamaral.pdf: 690402 bytes, checksum: 02a13f617ac774ee60200d796a881dcd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T20:03:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 kellyoliveiradoamaral.pdf: 690402 bytes, checksum: 02a13f617ac774ee60200d796a881dcd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T20:03:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 kellyoliveiradoamaral.pdf: 690402 bytes, checksum: 02a13f617ac774ee60200d796a881dcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / As operárias de formigas cortadeiras coletam fragmentos vegetais frescos, os quais são utilizados como substrato para o cultivo do fungo simbionte. A dieta alimentar das operárias de formigas cortadeiras, sobretudo da prole, consiste no consumo do fungo simbionte, o que torna o forrageamento uma atividade primordial para o sucesso de suas colônias. Desse modo, a massa do fragmento vegetal transportado a colônia está diretamente relacionada ao sucesso do forrageamento, pois esta interfere na velocidade de deslocamento das operárias e no aporte de alimento para a colônia. Buscando identificar os fatores que podem modular a determinação da carga transportada em formigas cortadeiras, foi avaliado como o feromônio de trilha influencia na determinação do fragmento vegetal transportado por operárias de Acromyrmex subterraneus. Paralelamente, verificou-se a interferência do sinal químico no fluxo de operárias, bem como da carga transportada na velocidade de deslocamento. Utilizando uma trilha com marcação química prévia no início do forrageamento, não se registrou variação da massa vegetal transportada, no entanto, houve redução do fluxo de operárias que saem da colônia e das que retornavam sem transportar carga, bem como da velocidade de deslocamento das operárias com carga. Uma vez que a pista química feromonal interferiu no fluxo de operárias ao longo da trilha de forrageamento, supõe-se que a determinação da carga transportada pode estar relacionada com as interações entre as operárias. No segundo experimento, foi investigado se a atividade individual da forrageira de Acromyrmex subterraneus influencia na determinação do fragmento vegetal transportado. Observando forrageiras individualmente marcadas durante um mesmo evento de forrageamento, foi registrado o número de viagens realizadas transportando fragmento vegetal, no qual verificou-se que a atividade individual da forrageira não interferiu na massa foliar transportada, isto é, a massa do fragmento vegetal transportado foi a mesma independente do número de viagens realizado por uma mesma operária. Registrou-se ainda que maioria das operárias realizou até três viagens, sendo, portanto, a maior parte do transporte de folhas realizado por operárias que não desempenham exclusivamente a atividade de forrageamento, as quais são denominadas de operárias não elite. Sugerindo um esforço coletivo da colônia em garantir o sucesso do forrageamento. Deste modo, inclui-se junto aos fatores físicos, por exemplo, a relação entre tamanho da operária e fragmento e aos mecanismos de coleta e obtenção de recurso, as interações entre os indivíduos da colônia, que se mostram fundamentais para modulação da carga vegetal transportada pelas operárias. / Cutting ant workers collect fresh plant fragments, which are used as substrate for the cultivation of the symbiotic fungus. The diet of cutter ant workers, especially offspring, consists of the consumption of the fungus symbiont, which makes foraging a prime activity for the success of their colonies. Thus, the mass of the plant fragment transported to the colony is directly related to the success of the foraging, since this interferes in the speed of the workers' movement and in the feeding of the colony. To identify the factors that can modulate the determination of the load carried in leaf cutting ants, it was evaluated how the trail pheromone influences the determination of the vegetal fragment carried by the workers of Acromyrmex subterraneus. At the same time, there was interference of the chemical signal in the flow of workers, as well as the load carried in the displacement speed. Using a trail with prior chemical marking at the beginning of foraging, no variation of the transported vegetable mass was recorded, however, there was a reduction in the flow of workers leaving the colony and those returning without carrying cargo, as well as the speed of movement of workers with load. Since the pheromonal chemical track interfered with the flow of workers along the foraging trail, it is assumed that the determination of the transported load may be related to the interactions between the workers. In the second experiment, it was investigated whether the individual activity of the forage of Acromyrmex subterraneus influences the determination of the transported plant fragment. By observing individually tagged forages during the same foraging event, the number of trips carried out carrying vegetable fragment was recorded, in which it was verified that the individual activity of the forage did not interfere in the transported foliar mass, that is, the mass of the transported vegetable fragment was the same independent of the number of trips made by the same worker. It was also recorded that most of the workers had carried out up to three trips, being therefore most of the transport of leaves realized by workers who do not exclusively perform the foraging activity, which are denominated of non-elite workers. Suggesting a colony's collective effort to ensure foraging success. In this way, the physical factors, for example, the relation between worker size and fragment and the mechanisms of collection and obtaining of resources are included, the interactions between the individuals of the colony, which are fundamental for modulation of the transported vegetal load by the workers.

In this thesis, the relationship between cognition and speech-in-noise recognition, in normally-hearing Swedish students, is examined. The Trail Making Test, hypothesized to measure a wide range of cognitive functions, including executive function and working memory, has been criticized for being a culturally biased measure, hence the need for a culturally unbiased version. A between-group experiment was conducted in which a non-semantically dependent version of the Trail Making Test was compared to the original Trail Making Test in order to test for psychometric equivalence. A total of 21 young normally-hearing Swedish students were given three tests: TMT or TMT (non-semantically dependent version), a Swedish Reading Span Task and a Swedish speech-in-noise recognition task. The B parts of the two Trail Making Test versions differed significantly and both were moderately to highly correlated to speech-in-noise and reading span performance. The results indicates that the original Trail Making Test is a more plausible index for executive function and strengthens the relationship between executive function, working memory and speech-in-noise recognition.

The Aronson Cognitive Residual Evaluation Scale (ACRES) is a new, relatively short neuropsychological test which attempts to measure residual cognitive skills. This study evaluated the ACRES test-retest reliability over a one to twelve month interval. The Trail Making Test (TMT) was included as a validation measure. Subjects were 58 males and females, aged 68 to 94, living in a retirement center or in the community. The ACRES exhibited moderate to strong reliability correlations and the TMT demonstrated low to moderate correlations with the ACRES. There was no time interval effect. Age had a negative effect on four of five ACRES subtests and gender was significant for one ACRES subtest and the TMT Part B. Percent of subjects classified as brain impaired using traditional cutoffs was higher than when age-corrected norms were used. Clinical utility of the ACRES and the TMT is discussed regarding need for age-corrected norms.

Notre travail est inspiré, d'un côté, par des constats concordants effectués sur 'le terrain' et, de l'autre, par les recherches relatives à la dimension culturelle des enseignements de langue et par l'actualité des questions culturelles. il se propose donc de montrer comment la sémantique, interprétative en particulier, tout en aidant à renouveler la didactique du lexique et du texte, peut contribuer non seulement à réduire significativement le déficit herméneutique et culturel observé dans les pratiques de lecture en classe de français au cameroun mais aussi à répondre aux attentes de nos textes de référence et aux défis culturels du monde actuels.ce travail opte pour une configuration didactique articulant approche(s) culturelle(s), sémantique interprétative, textes et recherches actuelles sur le lexique, méthodes d'enseignement/apprentissage des langues suggérées par l'approche communicative qui se double ici de la perspective actionnelle. large mais homogène, notre corpus se constitue d'enquêtes, de documents à caractère pédagogique et didactique en usage dans le système éducatif camerounais. il permettra de mettre en lumière certains aspects significatifs des cultures éducatives et linguistiques dans lesquelles l'enseignement du français (et donc de la lecture) s'inscrit au cameroun.le travail, proprement dit, s'articulera autour de trois parties. la première approche, sur le plan historique, le français dans sa formation et son enseignement, la didactique, la sémantique, les pratiques de lecture dans leurs dimensions culturelles. la seconde porte, quant à elle, sur la description et l'analyse des représentations et des pratiques de lectureen classe de français. la dernière, enfin, se consacre à la mise en œuvre des éléments de sémantique dans les activités de vocabulaire et de lecture. grâce à l'objet d'étude, aux champs disciplinaires choisis et à la configuration didactique retenue, il s'agit, en somme, dans ce travail, d'aider à l''installation' d'une compétence (inter)culturelle chez les apprenants camerounais à travers un renouvellement des pratiques interprétatives. / Nowadays, there is a renewal of interest in cultural issues. This enhanced interest stems from recognition of formerly undervalued cultures, the migration of peoples and cultures, globalization, extremism. The culture is at the same time a factor of integration and exclusion. Such a context entails cultural matters as the hobbyhorse of the French class entrusted with an unwritten mission of peacemaking, connecting people and cultures, thanks to his teaching contents.In this respect, the glossary and the texts are precious teaching aids all the more as the French class reveals problems of comprehension, interpretation of passages related to ignorance of their cultural dimension on the one hand, and on the other hand the primacy of formalism and technicism in pedagogic and didactic management of reading sessions. This doctoral thesis seeks to answer the double question of to what extent the interpretative semantics can help rehabilitate the meaning by promoting, during lexical and textual sessions, interpretative activities that highlight in all kinds of texts the relationship language, meaning, culture, society and achieve the objectives of the cultural training, the challenges of national integration and globalization. Its ambition is also to significantly fill this hermeneutic and cultural gap by renewing some classroom practices through interpretive semantics of which this thesis intends to be a didactic transposition.

Fault localization is the process of realizing the true source of a failure from a set of collected failure notifications. Isolating failure recovery within the network optical domain is necessary to resolve alarm storm problems. The introduction of the monitoring trail (m-trail) has been proven to deliver better performance by employing monitoring resources in a form of optical trails - a monitoring framework that generalizes all the previously reported counterparts. In this dissertation, the m-trail design is explored and a focus is given to the analysis on using m-trails with established lightpaths to achieve fault localization. This process saves network resources by reducing the number of the m-trails required for fault localization and therefore the number of wavelengths used in the network. A novel approach based on Geographic Midpoint Technique, an adapted version of the Chinese Postman’s Problem (CPP) solution and an adapted version of the Traveling Salesman’s Problem (TSP) solution algorithms is introduced. The desirable features of network architectures and the enabling of innovative technologies for delivering future millimeter-waveband (mm-WB) Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) systems for wireless services integrated in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is proposed in this dissertation. For the conceptual illustration, a DWDM RoF system with channel spacing of 12.5 GHz is considered. The mm-WB Radio Frequency (RF) signal is obtained at each Optical Network Unit (ONU) by simultaneously using optical heterodyning photo detection between two optical carriers. The generated RF modulated signal has a frequency of 12.5 GHz. This RoF system is easy, cost-effective, resistant to laser phase noise and also reduces maintenance needs, in principle. A revision of related RoF network proposals and experiments is also included. A number of models for Passive Optical Networks (PON)/ RoF-PON that combine both innovative and existing ideas along with a number of solutions for m-trail design problem of these models are proposed. The comparison between these models uses the expected survivability function which proved that these models are liable to be implemented in the new and existing PON/ RoF-PON systems. This dissertation is followed by recommendation of possible directions for future research in this area.

The aim of this thesis is to implement a qualitative analysis on interpretive trails, which are also considered part of local heritage interpretation. This analysis verifies if the authors of panels used recommendations published in two known methodologies during their preparation phase. This research is applied on eighteen interpretive trails in the protected landscape area of Český kras. In the practical part of this thesis, each interpretive trail has been evaluated by applying nine criteria. The outcome of the thesis is an evaluation of visuals and content composed on the interpretive trail panels for the purpose of attractive communication. The most significant deficiencies of the panels of interpretive trails in the protected landscape area of Český kras are quality of graphical design, whether the text communicates with the reader and if the text does not require linear reading. On the other hand, the most important strengths of interpretive trail panels are that the visual elements are always well connected to the content of the text on the panel and the text is easily read without specialised terms. The interpretive trail that has reached the best evaluation in the qualitative analysis is Vodácká NS Berounka. On the other hand, the trails with the lowest scores were NS Památné stromy Karlštejnska and NS Klonk-Suchomasty.

The diploma paper, Evaluation of aplicability of Leading Quality Trails - Best of Europe criteria on a long-distance hiking trail in the Czech Republic, deals with the process of certification of long-distance hiking trails in accordance with the norm called Leading Quality Trails - Best of Europe. The norm is based on German norms for certificating long-distance hiking trails which brought remarkable success. So far, there are no such trails in the Czech Republic. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide answers to questions concerning the aplicability of European norms on Czech hiking trails. Specifically, it will focus on the aplication of the norms on the long-distance hiking trail Stezka podel Luznice and its evaluation.

Eusocial insects evolved a sophisticated intraspecific communication, dominated by chemical signals, the pheromones. Termites (Isoptera) represent an excellent example in this respect, having a wide range of pheromones, such as trail-following, sex-pairing, alarm, and other pheromones. It is especially the former category of pheromones which is ubiquitous in termites and which was chemically characterized in many taxa across termite phylogeny. This allowed phylogenetic reconstruction of the chemical diversity of trail- following pheromones and calls for searching of evolutionary patterns of the sensitivity to these pheromones in various lineages across the tree of life, including the search for evolutionary scenario of the emergence of specific olfactory receptor proteins. In most species, the trail-following pheromones are represented by mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated fatty alcohols (3Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol (DE), (3Z,6Z)-dodeca-3,6-dien-1-ol (DDE), and (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodeca-3,6,8-trien-1-ol (DTE). My overall aim in this thesis was to contribute to the understanding of the evolution of olfactory detection of C12 fatty alcohol trail-following pheromones in termites. More specifically, my question was whether evolutionarily more basal clades (Kalotermes flavicollis and Neotermes cubanus from the family...

Transmission of memory: the Heritage Trail and Jeju Uprising This thesis aims to shed light on the stories of individuals in transmitting memories using the heritage trail as a medium. Thus, this thesis examines how the heritage trail works as memory embodiment and, further, its role in transmitting memory. The research site, Jeju Island of the Republic of Korea, was selected due to its little recognition as both cultural and natural heritage concerning the history of Jeju Uprising. This event is called in different ways, including the April 3rd Incident, Jeju Killings, Jeju Rebellion, and simply 4.3 (Sasam), representing the date of the armed uprising in Jeju Island in 1943. The heritage trail of the Jeju Uprising called the 4.3 trail was examined empirically as a case study. Fieldwork was conducted from 22 September to 10 October 2020 in Jeju Island. The data was collected from interviews and participant observation and then narratively analyzed. There are polysemic memories and narratives within the same discourse because the names of calling the Uprising vary from context to context. The memory workers were interviewed, and the practice of walking as a component of the trail was studied to examine multiple dimensions of the memories surrounding the trail. Finally, this thesis concludes that in...