ABSTRACT It is important to improve ambient air quality by reducing the emission from mobile sources. In order to investigate the characteristics of mobile sources, the statistic of traffic flow and the measurement of suspended particles were conducted in the Gonguan air quality monitoring station of Miaoli County in this investigation. Through chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model and backward trajectory model, the location and contribution of emission sources were further identified. Accordingly, the improvement strategies for mobile sources were further proposed to improve local ambient air quality. In order to know the traffic flow variability of motor vehicles, passenger cars, motorcycle, heavy-duty diesel trucks, and buses were recorded every 15 minutes by a video camera for both weekend and weekdays. In the meantime, TSP and PM10 were simultaneously collected with high-volume samplers. The metallic content and water-soluble ionic species of particulate matter were analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometer (ICP- AES) and an ionic chromatography (IC). Chemical composition of suspended particles was then be used for source apportionment with the CMB model. Finally, the improvement strategies for mobile source management were further proposed through the correlation of traffic flow and vehicle emission rate. The results showed that the PM10/TSP ratios of suspended particles collected at the rooftop of a four-floor building was higher than those sampled at the air quality monitoring station for all quarters except the third quarter. PM>10 is the main factor for the concentration difference of suspended particles sampled on the rooftop of the building as well as at the monitoring station. Results from traffic flow records showed that passenger cars were the major source contributing greatly to the traffic flow, while no significant variation of buses was observed in the traffic flow. The linear regression of PM>10 concentration and vehicles for different wind directions (i.e. northwest, southwest and northeast) was undertaken. The results showed that, when the winds were blown from the northwest and southwest, the determination coefficients (R2) of the regression were 0.1226 (passenger cars), 0.4821 (motorcycles), 0.1014 (heavy-duty trucks), 0.3113 (buses), and 0.1919 (total traffic flow) respectively. It was 0.6140 (passenger cars), 0.6227 (motorcycles), 0.7761 (heavy-duty trucks), 0.2111 (buses), and 0.6309 (total traffic flow), respectively, for the northeast winds. It concluded that the traffic flow has significant influence on the concentration of suspended particle at the downwind sites. Among the vehicles, heavy-duty trucks played a key role. Consequently, reducing truck flow has to be paid more attention for the improvement of ambient air quality. During the sampling period, Ca, Fe, and Al were the most abundant metals of suspended particles, while Mg, K, Zn, and Cu ranked the second. Besides, the metallic contents of suspended particles sampled at the rooftop were generally lower than those collected at the monitoring station. It suggested that street dusts had major contribution to Gonguan air quality monitoring station. Among the water-soluble ionic species, sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+) were major anions, converting mainly from SO2, NOx, and NH3. The results showed that the metallic contents in the second quarter were higher than that in the fourth quarter. However, an opposite trend was observed for anions. The Back Trajectory Model and CMB were applied to analyze the suspended particle. The results showed that the seasonal variation of air pollutants was also affected by the monsoon. Though air pollutants emitted from the nearby waste incinerators and industrial districts could be transported to the sampling site, resulting in unavoidable influence on suspended particles, tail gas and fugitive dusts emitted from vehicles were the most important sources contributed to the ambient air quality. The results indicated that motor vehicles were the major source of ambient suspended particles on the road sites. Therefore, the reduction of traffic emission should be the first step of the improvement strategies for ambient air quality. Especially, the emission of road dusts resulting from the drive-through of heavy-duty trucks should be paid more attention. This study proposed two strategies for improving ambient air quality: one for raising the road serving level and the other for reducing vehicles on road at the traffic crowd section. After the road serving level was improved, the TSP, NOx, CO and THC were respectively decreased about 41, 5,765, 316, and 62 g/day. The concentration of TSP, NOx, CO, and THC was respectively decreased about 95.66 £gg/m3, 38.59 ppb, 1.93 ppm, and 1.90 ppm. After carrying out special vehicle on the road control strategy, TSP, NOx, CO, and THC could be respectively decreased about 2,136, 19,291, 169,843, and 3181g/day. The concentrations of TSP, NOx, CO, and THC were respectively decreased about 96.03 £gg/m3, 52.25 ppb, 2.05ppm and 1.69ppm.. Thus, ambient air quality can be effectively improved if the heavy-duty trucks can be controlled during the rush hour. Furthermore, a substitute road for heavy-duty trucks is another option for the improvement of ambient air quality.

Explosive volcanic eruptions frequently expel ballistic projectiles, producing a significant proximal hazard to people, buildings, infrastructure and the environment from their high kinetic and thermal energies. Ballistic hazard assessments are undertaken as a risk mitigation measure, to determine probabilities of eruptions occurring that may produce ballistics, identify areas and elements likely to be impacted by ballistics, and the potential vulnerabilities of elements to ballistics. The 6 August, 2012 hydrothermal eruption of Upper Te Maari Crater, Tongariro, New Zealand ejected blocks over a 6 km2 area, impacting ~2.6 km of the Tongariro Alpine Crossing (TAC), a walking track hiked by ~80,000 people a year, and damaging an overnight hut along the track. In this thesis ballistic hazard and risk from Upper Te Maari Crater are assessed through a review of its eruptive history, field and orthophoto mapping of the 6 August ballistic impact distribution, forward modelling and analysis of possible future eruption scenarios using a calibrated 3D ballistic trajectory model, and analysis of the vulnerability of hikers along the impacted Tongariro Alpine Crossing. Orthophoto mapping of the 6 August ballistic impact crater distribution revealed 3,587 impact craters with a mean diameter of 2.4 m. However, field mapping of accessible regions indicated an average of at least four times more observable impact craters and a smaller mean crater diameter of 1.2 m. By combining the orthophoto and ground-truthed impact frequency and size distribution data, it is estimated that approximately 13,200 ballistic projectiles were generated during the eruption. Ballistic impact distribution was used to calibrate a 3D ballistic trajectory model for the 6 August eruption. The 3D ballistic trajectory model and a series of inverse models were used to constrain the eruption directions, angles and velocities. When combined with eruption observations and geophysical observations and compared to the mapped distribution, the model indicated that the blocks were ejected in five variously directed eruption pulses, in total lasting 19 seconds. The model successfully reproduced the mapped impact distribution using a mean initial particle velocity of 200 m/s with an accompanying average gas flow velocity over a 400 m radius of 150 m/s. Assessment of the vulnerability of hikers to ballistics from the August eruption along the TAC utilised the modelled spatial density of impacts and an assumption that an average ballistic impact will cause serious injury or death (casualty) over an 8 m2 area. It is estimated that the probability of casualty ranged from 1% to 16% along the affected track (assuming an eruption during the time of exposure). Future ballistic hazard and vulnerability along the TAC are also assessed through application of the calibrated model. A magnitude larger eruption (than the 6 August) in which 10x more particles were ejected, doubled the affected length of the TAC and illustrated that the probability of casualty could reach 100% in localised areas of the track. In contrast, ballistics ejected from a smaller eruption did not reach the track as was the case with the 21 November 2012 eruption. The calibrated ballistic model can therefore be used to improve management of ballistic hazards both at Tongariro and also, once recalibrated, to other volcanoes worldwide.

<div>Rain drop size distributions (DSDs) in severe convective storms are highly variable in time and space. DSDs can be derived from polarimetric radar observations at high spatiotemporal resolution but these observations are often lacking near the surface owing to radar horizon issues. Disdrometers provide “ground-truth” measurements and validation of radar-derived DSDs but are by nature limited point measurements. Moreover, substantial evolution of the DSD can occur between the lowest radar elevation angle and the surface. Recent studies have shown that hydrometeor size sorting (HSS) is an important and even dominant process contributing to DSD evolution in severe storms; many physical processes such as the strength of the updraft, transient effects, and storm-relative mean winds are contributing factors to continued size sorting. In this study, we focus on strong storm-relative mean winds that induce sustained size sorting owing to the different residence times of hydrometeors of different sizes as they fall in severe storms. The resulting differential advection leads to a distinct horizontal spread of hydrometeors of different sizes at the bottom of a given layer. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of size sorting on DSD evolution from the radar level to the surface. To accomplish this, we develop and apply a raindrop trajectory model to compute the evolution of DSDs between radar observations aloft and the surface. For simplicity and to isolate the effects of size sorting, we neglect processes such as breakup, collection, and evaporation, and assume a horizontally homogeneous wind profile. We use disdrometer and radar data, which measure DSDs at the surface and provide the observed quantities aloft, respectively. The disdrometer data was collected from portable disdrometers as a collaboration between Purdue University, University of Oklahoma, University of Massachusetts, and the National Severe Storms Laboratory during the VORTEX-SE 2017 field campaign. NEXRAD data from KHTX Huntsville, AL and KGWX Columbus Air Force Base, MS was retrieved from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).</div><div><br></div><div>We evaluate three separate cases, a tornadic QLCS on 30 April 2017, a cluster storm on 27 March 2017, and a squall line on 25 March 2017. After the radar data is pre-processed, we retrieve the DSDs from the radar by assuming a gamma distribution and discretize them into PARSIVEL bins to produce a gridded dataset of DSDs. We then apply the raindrop trajectory model to compute the DSDs at the surface which are then compared directly with disdrometer observations. Analysis and comparisons from all cases yield similar results in that-the sorted radar DSDs at the surface are overall closer to the disdrometer observations than the original radar DSDs aloft. Results also show that the spatial variation of DSDs is higher at the surface due to size sorting by the storm-relative mean winds.</div><div><br></div>

No description available.

Die Residualzirkulation entspricht der mittleren Massenzirkulation und beschreibt die im zonalen Mittel stattfindenden meridionalen Transportprozesse. Die Variationen der Residualzirkulation bestimmen gemeinsam mit dem anthropogen verursachten Ozonabbau die jährlichen Schwankungen der Ozongesamtsäule im arktischen Frühling. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Geschwindigkeit des arktischen Astes der Residualzirkulation aus atmosphärischen Daten gewonnen. Zu diesem Zweck wird das diabatische Absinken im Polarwirbel mit Hilfe von Trajektorienrechnungen bestimmt. Die vertikalen Bewegungen der Luftpakete können mit vertikalen Windfeldern oder entsprechend einem neuen Ansatz mit diabatischen Heizraten angetrieben werden. Die Eingabedaten stammen aus dem 45 Jahre langen Reanalyse-Datensatz des "European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast" (ECMWF). Außerdem kann für die Jahre ab 1984 die operationelle ECMWF-Analyse verwendet werden. Die Qualität und Robustheit der Heizraten- und Trajektorienrechnungen werden durch Sensitivitätsstudien und Vergleiche mit anderen Modellen untermauert. Anschließend werden umfangreiche Trajektorienensemble statistisch ausgewertet, um ein detailliertes, zeit- und höhenaufgelöstes Bild des diabatischen Absinkens zu ermitteln. In diesem Zusammenhang werden zwei Methoden entwickelt, um das Absinken gemittelt im Polarwirbel oder als Funktion der äquivalenten Breite zu bestimmen. Es wird gezeigt, dass es notwendig ist den Lagrangeschen auf Trajektorienrechnungen basierenden Ansatz zu verfolgen, da die einfachen Eulerschen Mittel Abweichungen zu den Lagrangeschen Vertikalgeschwindigkeiten aufweisen. Das wirbelgemittelte Absinken wird für einzelne Winter mit dem beobachteten Absinken langlebiger Spurengase und anderen Modellstudien verglichen. Der Vergleich zeigt, dass das Absinken basierend auf den vertikalen Windfeldern der ECMWF-Datensätze den Nettoluftmassentransport durch die Residualzirkulation sehr stark überschätzt. Der neue Ansatz basierend auf den Heizraten ergibt hingegen realistische Ergebnisse und wird aus diesem Grund für alle Rechnungen verwendet. Es wird erstmalig eine Klimatologie des diabatischen Absinkens über einen fast fünf Jahrzehnte umfassenden Zeitraum erstellt. Die Klimatologie beinhaltet das vertikal und zeitlich aufgelöste diabatische Absinken gemittelt über den gesamten Polarwirbel und Informationen über die räumliche Struktur des vertikalen Absinkens. Die natürliche Jahr-zu-Jahr Variabilität des diabatischen Absinkens ist sehr stark ausgeprägt. Es wird gezeigt, dass zwischen der ECMWF-Zeitreihe des diabatischen Absinkens und der Zeitreihe aus einem unabhängig analysierten Temperaturdatensatz hohe Korrelationen bestehen. Erstmals wird der Einfluss von Transportprozessen auf die Ozongesamtsäule im arktischen Frühling direkt quantifiziert. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Jahr-zu-Jahr Variabilität der Ozongesamtsäule im arktischen Frühling zu gleichen Anteilen durch die Variabilität der dynamischen Komponente und durch die Variabilität der chemischen Komponente beeinflusst wird. Die gefundenen Variabilitäten von diabatischem Absinken und Ozoneintrag in hohen Breiten werden mit der vertikalen Ausbreitung planetarer Wellen aus der Troposphäre in die Stratosphäre in Beziehung gesetzt. / Due to the variability of tropospheric wave activity, the strength of the residual circulation has a distinct seasonal cycle and significant year-to-year variability. The variability of the residual circulation causes interannual variations of the polar ozone layer in late winter and spring. A reverse domain filling trajectory model based on atmospheric data sets is used to calculate the strength and spatial structure of the polar branch of the residual circulation. The atmospheric data sets (ERA-40 and ECMWF Analysis) emerge from a combined analysis of Reanalysis data and a weather forecast model and are available for a time period of 47 years starting from September 1957. Two different approaches are used in the trajectory routine to calculate the vertical movement of air. The first approach is based on the vertical velocity given by "European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast" (ECMWF), a quantity that is derived from the divergence of the horizontal winds and that tends to be noisy. In the second approach a radiation transfer model is used to calculate the diabatic heating rates from the divergence of the net radiation flux. The derived descent from both methods is compared with measured tracer distributions from satellite data and Arctic field campaigns. The comparison shows that the second approach results in a much more realistic vertical transport. The method based on the diabatic heating rates is used to compile a climatology of the diabatic descent, averaged within the polar vortex for the Arctic winters 1957/58-2003/04. Furthermore, the climatology contains information regarding the spatial structure of the diabatic descent. The influence of the diabatic descent in the Arctic polar vortex on the total ozone column is calculated for the recent winters since 1990. It is shown that the interannual variability of the Arctic total ozone column is in equal shares caused by dynamical transport processes and by chemical ozone depletion.

Halogen-driven ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbon losses in springtime Arctic boundary layer are investigated using a regional chemical transport model (CTM). Surface observation of O3 at Alert and Barrow and aircraft observations of O3 and hydrocarbons during the TOPSE experiment from February to May in 2000 are analyzed. We prescribe halogen radical distributions based on GOME BrO observations and calculated or observed other halogen radical to BrO ratios. GOME BrO shows an apparent anti-correlation with surface temperature over high BrO regions. At its peak, area of simulated near-surface O3 depletions (O3 LT 20ppbv) covers GT 50% of the north high latitudes. Model simulated O3 losses are in agreement with surface and aircraft O3 observations. Simulation of halogen distributions are constrained using aircraft hydrocarbon measurements. We find the currently chemical mechanism overestimate the Cl/BrO ratios. The model can reproduce the observed halogen loss of NMHCs using the empirical Cl/BrO ratios. We find that the hydrocarbon loss is not as sensitive to the prescribed boundary layer height of halogen as that of O3, therefore producing a more robust measure for evaluating satellite column measurement. Tropospheric tracer transport and chemical oxidation processes are examined on the basis of the observations at northern mid-high latitudes and over the tropical Pacific and the corresponding global 3D CTM (GEOS-CHEM) simulations. The correlation between propane and ethane/propane ratio is employed using a finite mixing model to examine the mixing in addition to the OH oxidations. At northern mid-high latitudes the model agrees with the observations before March. The model appears to overestimate the transport from lower to middle latitudes and the horizontal transport and mixing at high latitudes in May. Over the tropical Pacific the model reproduces the observed two-branch slope values reflecting an underestimate of continental convective transport at northern mid-latitudes and an overestimate of latitudinal transport into the tropics. Inverse modeling using the subsets of observed and simulated data is more reliable by reducing (systematic) biases introduced by systematic model transport model transport errors. On the basis of this subset we find the model underestimates the emissions of ethane and propane by 14 5%.

L'Indonésie, l’une de plus grands archipels, a été menacé avec la pollution provenant de la marée noire. Le gouvernement d’Indonésie en coopération avec le gouvernement Français a développé un système d'observation de l'océan par satellite afin de supporter de développement durable. Ce système est intégré dans les systèmes d'océanographie opérationnelle dans le cadre du projet de développement des infrastructures de l'océanographie spatiale (INDESO). Le contexte de cette thèse est dans le cadre du projet INDESO notamment dans applications d’INDESO pour suivre des déversements de pétrole dans les mers d’Indonésie. Dans ce contexte,cette thèse propose de nouvelles méthodologies et analyses. Cette thèse comportait deux contributions principales. La première contribution est sur la récupération des paramètres de dérive des déversements d'hydrocarbures à partir d'une analyse conjointe des observations SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) et des résultats d'un modèle de transport de déversement de pétrole. Dans cette première partie, nous estimons les paramètres de dérive de pétrole. On a exploité un modèle de transport de déversement de pétrole lagrangien,de sorte que la dérive simulée de déversement d'hydrocarbures modèles puisse correspondre à l'observation de satellite. Pour confirmer l'origine du déversement de pétrole détecté à une date donnée par une observation de SAR, nous avons effectué des simulations avec différentes dates de début de fuite, duré de fuite et différentes valeurs de pondération deux facteurs dominants i.e. vent et courant. Nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode pour l'assimilation de ces paramètres de fuite de pétrole à comparer avec d'une détection dérivée d'un déversement d'hydrocarbures. Nous avons appliqué la méthodologie proposée sur le plus grand accident en Indonésie, l'accident de Montara. La deuxième contribution est l'évaluation globale du risque de déversement d'hydrocarbures en Indonésie. Nous sommes concentrés sur la zone de gestion des pêches de l'Indonésie. Dans cette analyse, nous avons proposé une méthodologie qui considère le déversement de pétrole, qui a des sources différentes et leurs impacts à l'environnement, mais aussi sur les perspectives sociales et économiques. Pour l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité des zones marines protégées, nous avons également exploité le modèle de 2D lagrangien. L'accent mis sur les zones de gestion des pêches (FMA) afin de fournir une analyse synoptique sur l'ensemble du territoire maritime d’Indonésie. Chaque FMA présente les caractéristiques spécifiques des paramètres environnementaux etsocio-économiques. Nous avons évalué le risque de déversement d'hydrocarbures dans chaque zone de gestion sur la base de tous ces facteurs. Le résultat de cette étude peut être utilisé dans la planification d'une action pour réduire les impacts négatifs du déversement d'hydrocarbures. / Indonesia as the biggest archipelago has a major threat coming from oil spill. Due to the increasing concerns of environment protection for sustainable development, the government of Indonesia in cooperation with government of France developed an ocean observation system with one of its pilot applications is oil spills monitoring. This system is integrated in the operational oceanography systems within the project of Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO). The context of this thesis is in the frame of INDESO project particularly in the monitoring of oil spill in the Indonesian seas. Within the context above, this thesis propose new methodologies and analyses. This thesis involved two main contributions. The first contribution addressed the retrieval of oil spill drift parameters from a joint analysis of SAR observations of an oil spill and of outputs of a Lagrangian oil spill transport model. In this first part, we estimate oil spill drift parameters. The proposed framework exploited a Lagrangian oil spill transport model such that the simulated oil spill drift could match a SAR-based observation of an oil spill. In the considered 2D Lagrangian model there were two dominant factors, i.e. wind and surface current. To confirm the origin of the oil spill detected on a given date through a SAR observation, we performed simulations with various leakage starting dates, leakage durations, and different values of wind and current weighing coefficients. We developed a novel framework for the assimilation of these oil leakage parameters from a SAR-derived detection of an oil spill. We applied the proposed methodology on the most famous oil spill accident in Indonesia, the Montara case. The second contribution was the global assessment of oil spill risk inIndonesia. We focused on the 11 Indonesia Fisheries Management Area to support the sustainability development of marine and fisheries. In this analysis we proposed methodology that considered the oil spillfrom different source and their impacts not only to the environment, but also from social and economic perspectives. For the assessment of vulnerability of Marine Protected Areas to oil spill pollution, we also exploited the oil spill trajectory model. The focus was given to Fisheries Management Areas as a means to provide synoptic analysis over theentire Indonesian maritime territory. Using different information from many institutional reports, we collected and analyzed the potential source of oil spill in each FMA. Each FMA has specific characteristics in terms environmental and socioeconomic features. We assessed the oil spill risk in each FMA based on all these factors. The result of this study can be used in the mitigation planning to reduce the negative impacts of oil spill.

The paper subject covers Nurse Care Options for Incurables. A theoretical paper of the Diploma Thesis is something like a comprehensive summary of potential nurse care options for incurable people. Based on data gathered herein, I tried to create a schematic layout making the above options clearer. It forms the Annex No.1 to the paper. A practical part is prepared as a quality {--} quantity survey. I concentrated on the Czech Republic legislative and statistic data related to the subject as well as the informedness level of patients/clients and general nurse of nurse care options for incurable people. One of hypotheses related to the issue determined by me ( ``The nurse care options for incurable people in the Czech Republic meet their needs{\crq}q) was confirmed; other two options ( ``All nurse care options provided to incurable people are available to them{\crq}q and ``Incurable people are informed of the nurse care options available to them in the frame of their illness{\crq}q) were disproved. I determined three essential objectives in my paper: 1. Identify nurse care options for incurable people in the Czech Republic; 2. Determine the availability of the nurse care for incurable people in the Czech Republic; and 3. Find the informedness level of incurable people regarding potential use of nurse care suitable for them, that I met. My theoretical part defines nurse care options for incurable people in the Czech Republic; my quality and quantity survey resulted into a conclusion that the nurse care availability for incurable people in the Czech republic doesn not meet their needs, and the informedness level of incurable people of suitable nurse care availability to them is insufficient. The Diploma Thesis findings result into following recommendations: To continue in development of the palliative care and start to perceive it not only as care for oncology terminal ill people; aim to improvement in the informedness of incurable people of the nurse care options available to them (currently a social nurse, general nurse, as well also voluntary workes, in the future a case manager nurse {--} advisor), and promote development of community nursery in the Czech Republic.

Observations in the information technology (IT) support environment and generalizations from the literature regarding problem resolution behavior indicate that computer support staff seldom store reusable solution information effectively for IT problems. A comprehensive model of the processes encompassing problem arrival and assessment, expertise selection, problem resolution, and solution recording has not been available to facilitate research in this domain. This investigation employed the findings from a qualitative pilot study of IT support staff information behaviors to develop and explicate a detailed model of problem trajectory. Based on a model from clinical studies, this model encompassed a trajectory scheme that included the communication media, characteristics of the problem, decision points in the problem resolution process, and knowledge creation in the form of solution storage. The research design included the administration of an extensive scenario-based online survey to a purposive sample of IT support staff at a medium-sized state-supported university, with additional respondents from online communities of IT support managers and call-tracking software developers. The investigator analyzed 109 completed surveys and conducted email interviews of a stratified nonrandom sample of survey respondents to evaluate the suitability of the model. The investigation employed mixed methods including descriptive statistics, effects size analysis, and content analysis to interpret the results and verify the sufficiency of the problem trajectory model. The study found that expertise selection relied on the factors of credibility, responsibility, and responsiveness. Respondents referred severe new problems for resolution and recorded formal solutions more often than other types of problems, whereas they retained moderate recurring problems for resolution and seldom recorded those solutions. Work experience above and below the 5-year mark affected decisions to retain, refer, or defer problems, as well as solution storage and broadcasting behaviors. The veracity of the problem trajectory model was verified and it was found to be an appropriate tool and explanatory device for research in the IT domain.

Le présent travail de thèse a porté sur l’étude expérimentale et théorique de signatures spectroscopiques de molécules atmosphériques clés: CO2 et CH3D. 11 a été divise en partie expérimentale, consacrée aux mesures a haute pression des spectres IR CO2, et a la partie théorique, a. savoir le calcul des largeurs de ligne de collision pour CH3D perturbé par divers gaz. Dans la première partie, j'ai présenté des mesures &absorption de CO2 a haute pression a température ambiance dans l'intervalle spectral 600-9650 cm (sondes dans des études d’atmosphère planétaire) pour deux raisons principales: fournit des données exactes et étendues et suivre l’évolution de effets de "line-mixing" avec des variations graduelles de pression. Dans la deuxième partie, j'ai présenté des calculs semi-classiques des coefficients d'élargissement de CH3D -N2 (-H2) en utilisant le modèle de trajectoire exacte dans les bandes v3 parallèles et perpendiculaires vs, v6 de CH3D ---N2 ainsi que dans la bande v3 parallèle de CH3D -142 pour de grands intervalles les de nombres quantiques de rotation requis pour les bases de données spectroscopiques. / Present Ph.D work has focused on experimental and theoretical studying of spectroscopic signatures of key atmospheric molecules: CO2 and CH3D. It was divided into experimental part, devoted to high-pressure measurements of IR CO2 spectra, and theoretical part, namely calculation of collisional line-widths for CH3D perturbed by various gases. In the first part, I reported room-temperature high-pressure CO2 absorption measurements in the spectral interval 600-9650 cm-1 (probed in planetary atmosphere studies) with the double goals: to provide accurate and extensive data and to trace evolution of the line-mixing effects with gradual pressure variations. In the second part, I presented semi-classical calculations of CH3D-N2 and -142 line-broadening coefficients using exact trajectory model in the parallel v3 and perpendicular vs, v6 bands of CH3D-N2 as well as in the parallel v3 band of CH3D-112 for large intervals of rotational quantum numbers required for spectroscopic databases.