Cette étude traite des représentations littéraires du « démon de la fornication » et des notions avoisinantes du tabou et de la transgression dans la société tardo-antique de l’Orient chrétien à travers la lecture des Vies de saints. Elle focalise sur les « Vies de saintes prostituées » et celles « de saintes adultères », qui concrétisent les perceptions de l’homme tardo-antique autour de la question de la transgression des tabous sexuels. Mais à côté de la représentation littéraire de la transgression réelle (d’ordre principalement sexuelle) de normes sociales, nous serons étonnés de trouver d’autres formes de transgression, tantôt imaginaire tantôt réelle. Pour cette raison nous avons examiné d’autres cas « marginaux » de saints, dont les Vies nous fournissent des indices précieux sur toute la gamme de normes sociales et de prescriptions taboues de la société tardo-antique : la fuite du mariage, le refus du travail, l’homosexualité, la contestation du pouvoir (paternel et politique), la mendicité, le vagabondage, la folie et le rire n’étant que les plus importants. Pourtant, la seule énumération de ces sujets pose un autre problème éminemment plus important que la représentation littéraire, celui de la place des marginaux dans cette société. Quelle était la place, alors, de tous ceux qui étaient considérés comme des « rejetés » sociaux dans la société de l’Antiquité tardive, quelle était la place des prostituées, des adultères, des homosexuels, des fous, des clochards, des chômeurs, des vagabonds et quelles étaient les attitudes vis-à-vis d’eux et quelles répercussions sociales et psychologiques affrontaient-ils ? En essayant de répondre, nous avons essayé de mettre en avant l’hypothèse de l’existence d’une catégorie particulière de Vies de saints qui traiterait toutes ces questions taboues : les « Vies de saints populaires » dont les principales caractéristiques nous avons essayé d’établir et d’interpréter dans une synthèse historique qui conclue cette étude. / This study treats the literary representations of the “demon of fornication” and the adjacent notions of taboo and transgression in the late-antique society of Christian East through a close reading of the Lives of Saints. It focuses on the “Lives of Holy Harlots” and those of “Holy Adulteresses”, which materialize the late-antique man’s perceptions about the question of the transgression of the sexual taboos. But just along with the literary representations of social norms’ real transgression, mostly sexual, we can also find other forms of transgression, either real or imaginary. For this reason we have examined other cases of “border-line” saints, whose Lives provide us with precious indications about the whole range of social norms and the taboo limitations of the late-antique society: the denial of marriage and work, the homosexuality, the contesting of the paternal and political power, the begging, the wandering, the madness and the laughter, only being the most important. However, the simple enumeration of such subjects evokes the question of the position of the outcasts in this society. Which was the place of all those who were considered as social “rejections” in the late-antique society, which was the place of prostitutes, of adulteresses, of homosexuals, of foolish people, of the wandering or begging workless people, and which were the attitudes towards them or the social and psychological repercussions that they were obliged to confront? Upon trying to answer to these questions, we’ve stumbled upon the existence of a distinct category of Lives of Saints which treats all those taboo subjects: the “Lives of popular Saints” (or the “Popular Lives of Saints”), whose main characteristics we have tried to establish and to interpret in an historical synthesis that concludes this study.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Ingrid Anfora.pdf: 629267 bytes, checksum: a904037940bc92d6404af9397dd4f61e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-17 / This analysis aims to study drama Macário of Álvares de Azevedo, in order to point out each of the concepts of the grotesque, irony and trangression, utopia and spleen, and see how each element composing the text structure azevediana, taking into view of the relationship of antagonistic terms that permeates the opposing aspects of reality and dream, enabling thus a macabre atmosphere, the irruption of the supernatural in terms of imbalances of the man who lives below the dilemma in moral precepts established by society in which he lives or let nature guide their principles and values. The grotesque being investigated in this dissertation in the romantic who seeks, above all, the revolto of the individual against the reality that we can live fully and for that reason, it creates a parallel world that their aspirations to take part in this process / A presente análise tem por objetivo o estudo do drama Macário de Álvares de Azevedo, com o propósito de assinalar cada um dos conceitos relativos ao grotesco, ironia, transgressão, utopia e spleen, e verificar como cada elemento compõe a estrutura textual azevediana, tendo em vista a inter-relação entre esses mesmos componentes. A base fundamental da dissertação será a relação entre termos antagônicos que permearão os aspectos contrapostos do real e do onírico, possibilitando deste modo, uma atmosfera macabra, a irrupção do sobrenatural em função dos desajustes do homem que vive o dilema em seguir preceitos moralmente instituídos pela sociedade na qual vive ou deixar-se então guiar por sua natureza, seus princípios e valores. O grotesco, que está sendo investigado nessa dissertação, é o romântico, que visa, sobretudo, à revolta do indivíduo frente à realidade, que não lhe permite viver plenamente e, por essa razão, acaba criando um mundo paralelo, para que suas aspirações tomem parte em todo esse processo