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Investigating the economic viability of future high speed civil transports by means of technology-based costing and modal choice modellingCooke, Alastair K. January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
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Design of switch architecture for the geographical cell transport protocolGyawali, Umesh 25 February 2009
The Internet is divided into multiple layers to reduce and manage complexity. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed a 7 layer network model and had been revised to a 5 layer TCP/IP based Internet Model. The layers of the Internet can also be divided into top layer TCP/IP protocol suite layers and the underlying transport network layers. SONET/SDH, a dominant transport network, was designed initially for circuit based telephony services. Advancement in the internet world with voice and video services had pushed SONET/SDH to operate with reduced efficiencies and increased costs. Hence, redesign and redeployment of the transport network has been and continues to be a subject of research and development. Several projects are underway to explore new transport network ideas such as G.709 and GMPLS.<p>
This dissertation presents the Geographical Cell Transport (GCT) protocol as a candidate for a next generation transport network. The GCT transport protocol and its cell format are described. The benefits provided by the proposed GCT transport protocol as compared to the existing transport networks are investigated. Existing switch architectures are explored and a best architecture to be implemented in VLSI for the proposed transport network input queued virtual output queuing is obtained. The objectives of this switch are high performance, guaranteed fairness among all inputs and outputs, robust behavior under different traffic patterns, and support for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. An implementation of this switch architecture is carried out using HDL.<p>
A novel pseudo random number generation unit is designed to nullify the bias present in an arbitration unit. The validity of the designed is checked by developing a traffic load model. The speedup factor required in the switch to maintain desired throughput is explored and is presented in detail. Various simulation results are shown to study the behavior of the designed switch under uniform and hotspot traffic. The simulation results show that QoS behavior and the crossing traffic through the switch has not been affected by hotspots.
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Design of switch architecture for the geographical cell transport protocolGyawali, Umesh 25 February 2009 (has links)
The Internet is divided into multiple layers to reduce and manage complexity. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed a 7 layer network model and had been revised to a 5 layer TCP/IP based Internet Model. The layers of the Internet can also be divided into top layer TCP/IP protocol suite layers and the underlying transport network layers. SONET/SDH, a dominant transport network, was designed initially for circuit based telephony services. Advancement in the internet world with voice and video services had pushed SONET/SDH to operate with reduced efficiencies and increased costs. Hence, redesign and redeployment of the transport network has been and continues to be a subject of research and development. Several projects are underway to explore new transport network ideas such as G.709 and GMPLS.<p>
This dissertation presents the Geographical Cell Transport (GCT) protocol as a candidate for a next generation transport network. The GCT transport protocol and its cell format are described. The benefits provided by the proposed GCT transport protocol as compared to the existing transport networks are investigated. Existing switch architectures are explored and a best architecture to be implemented in VLSI for the proposed transport network input queued virtual output queuing is obtained. The objectives of this switch are high performance, guaranteed fairness among all inputs and outputs, robust behavior under different traffic patterns, and support for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. An implementation of this switch architecture is carried out using HDL.<p>
A novel pseudo random number generation unit is designed to nullify the bias present in an arbitration unit. The validity of the designed is checked by developing a traffic load model. The speedup factor required in the switch to maintain desired throughput is explored and is presented in detail. Various simulation results are shown to study the behavior of the designed switch under uniform and hotspot traffic. The simulation results show that QoS behavior and the crossing traffic through the switch has not been affected by hotspots.
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Modelo atomístico para transporte eletrônico em sistemas orgânicos desordenados / Atomistic model for electronic transport in disordered organic systemsAmazonas, Járlesson Gama 11 May 2012 (has links)
Polímeros conjugados apresentam muitas propriedades interessantes para utilização como camada ativa em, por exemplo, dispositivos emissores de luz, e transistores de efeito de campo. Os processos na camada ativa são entretanto de difícil modelagem teórica, o que dificulta também o desenho de dispositivos. A dificuldade tem origem na morfologia do material: amorfo, composto de cadeias longas e possivelmente enoveladas, assim uma boa descrição estrutural é necessária para descrever o mecanismo de transporte eletrônico. Nos procedimentos mais comuns o transporte é simulado sem ligação clara com as características atomísticas do material em questão. Neste trabalho optamos por modelar o transporte eletrônico em filmes poliméricos através de uma Equação Mestre Estocástica (EME) não linear utilizando a formulação de Bässler-Miller- Abrahams para a taxa de transição eletrônica. Nossa modelagem porém inclui a simulação de filmes realísticos, a partir de modelos atomísticos construidos por Dinâmica Molecular Clássica (DMC), e a obtenção de todos os parâmetros necessários para escrever a taxa de transição a partir de cálculos quânticos de primeiros princípios. Para cada filme, foram selecionadas \"imagens\" no decorrer do tempo da DMC e para cada uma dessas, através de cálculos explícitos de ângulos e distâncias inter-sítios, construida a rede topológica de conectividades (com a respectiva taxa de transição). Para isto, foi necessária reparametrização do Campo de Forças Universal com respeito à interação não ligada de energia. Além disso, a partir de cálculos quânticos de primeiros princípios, para todos os parâmetros necessários para a EME: comprimento de conjugação, energias de sítio e integrais de transferência. Estudamos sistemas oligoméricos de para-fenileno-vinileno (PPV), cristalinos e amorfos. Obtivemos a mobilidade de portadores para diferentes filmes de PV (cristal de \'P IND. 5\'\'V IND. 4\', amorfos de \'P IND. 3\'\'V IND. 2\' e \'P IND. 26\'\'V IND. 25\'), com várias imagens para um mesmo filme, representando o comportamento a uma determinada temperatura, e ainda com diferentes concentrações de portadores: vemos claramente a necessidade de obtenção de valores médios para todas as quantidades relevantes. A metodologia proposta se mostrou capaz de incorporar o efeito das características morfológicas do material, e nossos resultados estão em boa concordância, qualitativa e quantitativamente, com resultados experimentais para sistemas símiles. / Organic conjugated polymers present several interesting properties and can be used as active layers in e.g. light emitting diodes and field effect transistors. The electronic properties in the active layer are however difficult to model theoretically, which makes it also a hard task to engineer the device. The difficulties come from the structural characteristics of the material: amorphous, but composed of long and possibly folded molecular chains, so that a sound description of the structural characteristics is needed for the understanding of the electronic transport. The usual procedures for theoretical simulation bear no clear or direct link with the atomistic characteristics of the given used material. In this work we model the transport properties of polymer films through a non-linear Stochastic Master Equation, using the B¨assler-Miller-Abrahams formulation for the electronic transition rate. Our modeling however includes the simulation of realistic films, from atomistic models built through Classical Molecular Dynamics (CMD), and extracting all the relevant parameters for the SME from ab initio quantum calculations for model systems. For each film, \"images\" were selected along the CMD time evolution and for each of them a connectivity network (with the corresponding transition rates) was built, from explicit calculations of inter-ring bond distances and bond angles. To do that, it was needed a re-parametrization of the well-known Universal Force Field, concerning the non-bonded interactions. Furthermore, in parallel with the CMD work, also the values for the application of the SME were obtained from first-principles quantum calculations: conjugation length, site energies and transfer energies. We studied para-phenylene vinylene PPV oligomeric films, in different situations: crystalline, and amorphous. We calculated hole mobilities for different PV films (crystalline P5V4, amorphous P3V2 and P26V25) with several images for the same film, representing a given temperature, and also with different carrier concentrations. We clearly see the need of averaging obtained values for all relevant quantities. The proposed methodology was shown to incorporate the effects of morphology, and our results are in good accord, qualitaqualitatively and quantitavely, with experimental results for similar systems.
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Modelo atomístico para transporte eletrônico em sistemas orgânicos desordenados / Atomistic model for electronic transport in disordered organic systemsJárlesson Gama Amazonas 11 May 2012 (has links)
Polímeros conjugados apresentam muitas propriedades interessantes para utilização como camada ativa em, por exemplo, dispositivos emissores de luz, e transistores de efeito de campo. Os processos na camada ativa são entretanto de difícil modelagem teórica, o que dificulta também o desenho de dispositivos. A dificuldade tem origem na morfologia do material: amorfo, composto de cadeias longas e possivelmente enoveladas, assim uma boa descrição estrutural é necessária para descrever o mecanismo de transporte eletrônico. Nos procedimentos mais comuns o transporte é simulado sem ligação clara com as características atomísticas do material em questão. Neste trabalho optamos por modelar o transporte eletrônico em filmes poliméricos através de uma Equação Mestre Estocástica (EME) não linear utilizando a formulação de Bässler-Miller- Abrahams para a taxa de transição eletrônica. Nossa modelagem porém inclui a simulação de filmes realísticos, a partir de modelos atomísticos construidos por Dinâmica Molecular Clássica (DMC), e a obtenção de todos os parâmetros necessários para escrever a taxa de transição a partir de cálculos quânticos de primeiros princípios. Para cada filme, foram selecionadas \"imagens\" no decorrer do tempo da DMC e para cada uma dessas, através de cálculos explícitos de ângulos e distâncias inter-sítios, construida a rede topológica de conectividades (com a respectiva taxa de transição). Para isto, foi necessária reparametrização do Campo de Forças Universal com respeito à interação não ligada de energia. Além disso, a partir de cálculos quânticos de primeiros princípios, para todos os parâmetros necessários para a EME: comprimento de conjugação, energias de sítio e integrais de transferência. Estudamos sistemas oligoméricos de para-fenileno-vinileno (PPV), cristalinos e amorfos. Obtivemos a mobilidade de portadores para diferentes filmes de PV (cristal de \'P IND. 5\'\'V IND. 4\', amorfos de \'P IND. 3\'\'V IND. 2\' e \'P IND. 26\'\'V IND. 25\'), com várias imagens para um mesmo filme, representando o comportamento a uma determinada temperatura, e ainda com diferentes concentrações de portadores: vemos claramente a necessidade de obtenção de valores médios para todas as quantidades relevantes. A metodologia proposta se mostrou capaz de incorporar o efeito das características morfológicas do material, e nossos resultados estão em boa concordância, qualitativa e quantitativamente, com resultados experimentais para sistemas símiles. / Organic conjugated polymers present several interesting properties and can be used as active layers in e.g. light emitting diodes and field effect transistors. The electronic properties in the active layer are however difficult to model theoretically, which makes it also a hard task to engineer the device. The difficulties come from the structural characteristics of the material: amorphous, but composed of long and possibly folded molecular chains, so that a sound description of the structural characteristics is needed for the understanding of the electronic transport. The usual procedures for theoretical simulation bear no clear or direct link with the atomistic characteristics of the given used material. In this work we model the transport properties of polymer films through a non-linear Stochastic Master Equation, using the B¨assler-Miller-Abrahams formulation for the electronic transition rate. Our modeling however includes the simulation of realistic films, from atomistic models built through Classical Molecular Dynamics (CMD), and extracting all the relevant parameters for the SME from ab initio quantum calculations for model systems. For each film, \"images\" were selected along the CMD time evolution and for each of them a connectivity network (with the corresponding transition rates) was built, from explicit calculations of inter-ring bond distances and bond angles. To do that, it was needed a re-parametrization of the well-known Universal Force Field, concerning the non-bonded interactions. Furthermore, in parallel with the CMD work, also the values for the application of the SME were obtained from first-principles quantum calculations: conjugation length, site energies and transfer energies. We studied para-phenylene vinylene PPV oligomeric films, in different situations: crystalline, and amorphous. We calculated hole mobilities for different PV films (crystalline P5V4, amorphous P3V2 and P26V25) with several images for the same film, representing a given temperature, and also with different carrier concentrations. We clearly see the need of averaging obtained values for all relevant quantities. The proposed methodology was shown to incorporate the effects of morphology, and our results are in good accord, qualitaqualitatively and quantitavely, with experimental results for similar systems.
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Ferrovia e mobilidade intrametropolitana: um estudo sobre o movimento pendular no cotidiano dos trabalhadores do ABC paulista / Railway and intrametropolitan mobility: a study of the swinging the daily lives of ABC workersSilva, Neide Honorato da 01 April 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the pendulum movement of ABC workers toward
employers centers as an essential aspect of the reproduction of labor power in
its broad inclusion in numerous tertiary in the metropolis of São Paulo. Seeks to
characterize the intrametropolitan mobility and the problems of urban transport,
focusing on metropolitan trains, identifying the diversity of its members and their
difficulties on the way home to work. This study provides an understanding of
the socio-spatial segregation process, evidenced in the long distances that
separate the place of residence and place of work of the residents of the
suburbs of Greater São Paulo. The implementation of the rail system in São
Paulo had intimate relationships with coffee and favored the formation process
of the metropolis. The São Paulo Railway was the first railway in the state of
São Paulo, built in order to facilitate the transportation of coffee to the port of
Santos. After going through several changes during the transition from the
nineteenth to the twentieth century, today this railway is managed by CPTM
(São Paulo Metropolitan Train Company), especially as part of the mobility and
transport workers. Based on theoretical and methodological support consistent
with the complexity of the subject, secondary data collection and statistical and
field research, we believe present reflections indicative of the need for public
policies that prioritize public transport / O presente estudo objetiva conhecer o movimento pendular no cotidiano dos
trabalhadores do ABC paulista em direção aos centros empregadores, como
aspecto essencial da reprodução da força de trabalho em sua ampla inserção
no terciário numeroso na metrópole de São Paulo. Busca caracterizar a
mobilidade intrametropolitana e a problemática do transporte coletivo, com foco
nos trens metropolitanos, identificando a diversidade de seus usuários e suas
dificuldades no trajeto casa-trabalho. Este estudo propicia a compreensão do
processo de segregação sócio–espacial, evidenciado nas longas distâncias
que separam o local de moradia e o local de trabalho dos moradores dos
subúrbios da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A implantação do sistema
ferroviário em São Paulo teve íntimas relações com a cafeicultura e favoreceu
o processo de constituição da metrópole paulista. A São Paulo Railway foi a
primeira estrada de ferro do estado de São Paulo, construída com o objetivo de
facilitar o transporte do café até o porto de Santos. Após passar por várias
transformações ao longo da transição do século XIX para o século XX,
atualmente essa ferrovia é administrada pela CPTM (Companhia Paulista de
Trens Metropolitanos), destacando-se como integrante das redes de
mobilidade e transporte de trabalhadores. Com base em aporte teóricometodológico
compatível à complexidade do tema, coleta de dados
secundários e estatísticos e pesquisa de campo, acreditamos apresentar
reflexões indicativas da necessidade de políticas públicas que priorizem os
transportes coletivos
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The Effects of Cationic Contamination on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel CellsKienitz, Brian L. January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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La perception du risque terroriste et de ses conséquences sur la gestion de la sécurité dans le système de transport en commun de MontréalBrowne, Tara F. 12 1900 (has links)
Dans cet ouvrage, nous cherchons à comprendre l‘impact des perceptions sur la production et la gestion de la sécurité dans le réseau du transport en commun de Montréal. Quinze entrevues de recherche ont été effectuées avec des policiers de l‘Unité-Métro pour dégager les principaux éléments qui entrent dans la conception du risque. Les policiers sont appelés à travailler dans un environnement où, d‘une part, il n‘y a jamais eu d‘attaques terroristes, mais d‘autre part qui demeure une cible potentielle à la fois pour les experts, les gouvernements et dans la culture populaire. Nos résultats montrent que les policiers se développent une perception du risque qui leur est propre. En général, ils ont une attitude pragmatique qui leur permet de relativiser les situations et de décider lesquelles nécessitent une intervention de leur part. De plus, les policiers adoptent des stratégies de justification et de protection qui minimisent la perception du risque. Nos participants soulignent que ces stratégies sont nécessaires pour leur permettre d‘effectuer leurs tâches quotidiennes. Ainsi, afin d‘échapper à la paranoïa, les policiers évitent de penser à la menace terroriste et focus plutôt leur attention sur la criminalité sur laquelle ils ont l‘impression d‘avoir un pouvoir réel. Toutefois, la vigilance reste de mise. Malgré que les policiers ne conçoivent pas le risque de la même manière que les gestionnaires, la présence de l‘Unité-Métro demeure un élément important de production de la sécurité sur le terrain. / The research presented in this thesis aims to understand the impact of perceptions on the production and management of security in the Montreal transit system. Fifteen research interviews were conducted with police officers from the Metro Unit to identify the key elements involved in the perception of risk. The police officers are called to work in an environment where, on the one hand, there has never been any terrorist attacks, but on the other, remains a potential target according to experts, governments and popular culture. Our results show that the police officers develop a perception of risk specific to their tasks. In general, they have a pragmatic attitude which allows them to quickly sort situations and decide which ones need their attention. In addition, the police officers adopt justification and protection strategies that allow them to minimize their perception of risk. Participants insist that these strategies are necessary to enable them to perform their daily tasks. Thus, in order to escape falling into a paranoid state, the police officers avoid thinking about the terrorist threat, preferring to focus their attention on the crimes on which they believe to have an actual power. However, vigilance is still required. Although the police officers did not perceive the risk in the same way as administrators, the presence of the Metro Unit remains an important part of the production of security in the Montreal transit system.
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Estabilidade temporal de formulações semi-discretas para problemas de transporte convectivo-difusivo-reativo / Stability of Semidiscrete Formulations For Advective-Diffusive-Reactive Transport ProblemsSilva, Natalia Cristina Braga Arruda Alves da 28 March 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-28 / Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior / This work deals with the stability analysis of the fully discrete transport problem obtained using a stable finite element method in space and the generalized trapeizoidal family of methods in time. Depeding on the range of parameters the Galerkin and the Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin Methods are introduced. We evaluate the accuracy and stability properties of the methods. The sawtooth pattern in time is observed,caused by spurious higher modes when Crank-Nicolson method is used. We derive a stability analysis of the fully discrete method and investigate the techniques proposed in literature to damp oscillations. We propose a new stability condition to overcome the spurious modes. The proposed methodology is apllied to a one-dimensional contaminant transport problems in a saturated porous media that considers a radioactive contaminant decay at a constant rate. / Nesta dissertação apresenta-se a análise de métodos totalmente discretos, estabilizados espacialmente, para a resolução de problemas de transporte unidimensionais convectivos-difusivos-reativos, lineares e transientes que modelam o transporte de contaminantes radioativos com decaimento a uma taxa constante em um meio poroso saturado. O método de elementos finitos clássico de Galerkin é usado no espaço quando o problema de transporte é pura e/ou predominantemente difusivo, ao passo que quando a convecção domina, o método SUPG (Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin) é utilizado. O método de elementos finitos é combinado a um esquema discreto de integração no tempo, os algoritmos trapezoidais generalizados. Observa-se que a solução aproximada pode apresentar oscilações espúrias quando o método de Crank-Nicolson é utilizado. São consideradas diversas metodologias propostas na literatura para amortecer tais oscilações. Como consequência da análise de estabilidade desenvolvida, uma nova condição de estabilidade é proposta.
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La perception du risque terroriste et de ses conséquences sur la gestion de la sécurité dans le système de transport en commun de MontréalBrowne, Tara F. 12 1900 (has links)
Dans cet ouvrage, nous cherchons à comprendre l‘impact des perceptions sur la production et la gestion de la sécurité dans le réseau du transport en commun de Montréal. Quinze entrevues de recherche ont été effectuées avec des policiers de l‘Unité-Métro pour dégager les principaux éléments qui entrent dans la conception du risque. Les policiers sont appelés à travailler dans un environnement où, d‘une part, il n‘y a jamais eu d‘attaques terroristes, mais d‘autre part qui demeure une cible potentielle à la fois pour les experts, les gouvernements et dans la culture populaire. Nos résultats montrent que les policiers se développent une perception du risque qui leur est propre. En général, ils ont une attitude pragmatique qui leur permet de relativiser les situations et de décider lesquelles nécessitent une intervention de leur part. De plus, les policiers adoptent des stratégies de justification et de protection qui minimisent la perception du risque. Nos participants soulignent que ces stratégies sont nécessaires pour leur permettre d‘effectuer leurs tâches quotidiennes. Ainsi, afin d‘échapper à la paranoïa, les policiers évitent de penser à la menace terroriste et focus plutôt leur attention sur la criminalité sur laquelle ils ont l‘impression d‘avoir un pouvoir réel. Toutefois, la vigilance reste de mise. Malgré que les policiers ne conçoivent pas le risque de la même manière que les gestionnaires, la présence de l‘Unité-Métro demeure un élément important de production de la sécurité sur le terrain. / The research presented in this thesis aims to understand the impact of perceptions on the production and management of security in the Montreal transit system. Fifteen research interviews were conducted with police officers from the Metro Unit to identify the key elements involved in the perception of risk. The police officers are called to work in an environment where, on the one hand, there has never been any terrorist attacks, but on the other, remains a potential target according to experts, governments and popular culture. Our results show that the police officers develop a perception of risk specific to their tasks. In general, they have a pragmatic attitude which allows them to quickly sort situations and decide which ones need their attention. In addition, the police officers adopt justification and protection strategies that allow them to minimize their perception of risk. Participants insist that these strategies are necessary to enable them to perform their daily tasks. Thus, in order to escape falling into a paranoid state, the police officers avoid thinking about the terrorist threat, preferring to focus their attention on the crimes on which they believe to have an actual power. However, vigilance is still required. Although the police officers did not perceive the risk in the same way as administrators, the presence of the Metro Unit remains an important part of the production of security in the Montreal transit system.
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