Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-16 / Brazilian society is marked by social inequality and the high poverty rate which are related to the economical, political and social development model adopted in the country. Poverty in Brazil comes from the high social inequality rates which are due to the irregular process of wealth distribution. Poverty is constructed and consolidated as a result of the ways men are organized in society and it exclude the population from the access to goods and services, to the social relations and to right of citizenship. In this way, it is necessary intervention of the State, as a social regulatory institution, offering to the whole population access to goods and services through out social policies. These actions, directed by the public policies, are often the only way of insertion to the access to goods and services and to citizenship. It increases the discussion about the formulation of actions for the population with the right and principally, the population which is in poverty, taking into consideration the needs of the population, getting to know the reality of these people, to reach their goals. The proximity with the poverty theme and the vision of its problems in the city of Ponta Grossa – Paraná which, according to the Demographic Census of 2000, has 12 000 families in poverty, being the second city of the State of Paraná in number of shanty towns, led to the development of the study, which wants to analyze: the income transferring programs in the city of Ponta Grossa, Benefício de Prestação Continuada – BPC and Bolsa Família, as actions to face poverty. From the proposed object, it was tried to understand how these programs have being carried out in the city and to know better which is the population that is in poverty, where this population is located, who are the actions of income transferring directed to in the city and how these actions help to face poverty. / A sociedade brasileira está marcada pela desigualdade social e pelo grande índice de pobreza, reflexo do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico, político e social adotado no país. A pobreza no Brasil decorre dos grandes índices de desigualdade social, onde a distribuição de bens e riquezas se deu de forma desigual. Construída e consolidada como resultado das formas de organização dos homens em nossa sociedade exclui a população do acesso a bens e serviços, das relações sociais e do direito à cidadania. Neste sentido, torna-se necessário a intervenção do Estado, enquanto regulador social, proporcionado a toda a população o acesso a bens e serviços, através das políticas sociais. Estas ações direcionadas pelas políticas públicas são muitas vezes as únicas formas de inserção e de acesso aos bens e serviços, de acesso à cidadania. Amplia-se desta forma, a discussão em torno da formulação das ações voltadas a população de direito e principalmente a população que se encontra em situação de pobreza, levando em consideração as necessidades da população, conhecendo a realidade destas pessoas, para que as ações consigam atingir seus objetivos. A proximidade com o tema da pobreza e a visualização dos problemas gerados por esta no município de Ponta Grossa - Pr, que segundo dados do Censo Demográfico de 2000, possui 12 mil famílias em situação de pobreza, sendo a segunda cidade do Estado do Paraná em maior número de favelas, levou ao desenvolvimento do estudo, que pretende analisar: Os Programas de Transferência de Renda do Município de Ponta Grossa, Benefício de Prestação Continuada – BPC e Bolsa Família, como ações de enfrentamento da pobreza. Tendo em vista o objeto proposto, buscou-se compreender, como estes programas vêm sendo implementados no município e conhecer melhor quem é a população que se encontra em situação de pobreza, onde ela localiza-se, a quem é direcionada as ações das políticas de transferência de renda no município e como estas ações atuam no enfrentamento da pobreza.

The dissertation critiques certain developments on the legal definition of genocide while also showing how Canada has failed to comply with customary international laws. It develops the argument that the forcible transferring of Indigenous Peoples’ children into the dominating society meets the criteria set out in the Genocide Convention. The issue will be examined from a “cognitive” lens of domination and dehumanization that unpacks the destructive framework of colonialism in international law. This is necessary because the euphemistic colonial language employed to benignly characterize the destruction experienced by Indigenous Peoples’ children conceals the reality of the genocidal harm against the Original Nations in the Western Hemisphere and globally. The forcible transferring of children from one group to another group causes the collective serious bodily and mental harm onto scores of Indigenous Peoples’ children and ultimately Indigenous Nations as human groups. This violates articles 2 (b) and (e) of the Convention. The Canadian Criminal Code and the limited definition of genocide are integral to the colonial oppressive relationship in international law. This thesis has two objectives, first, to name and describe the experience of genocide experienced by Indigenous Peoples. Second, the thesis analyzes whether the Canadian state has violated the Genocide Convention.

Sustainable building issue plays a key role in world sustainable development as the building industry converge major sectors of energy, water and material consumption that have huge affect on social and environment. Modern China is under the process of sifting from agriculture society to industrialized society, experiencing a fast economic growth and urbanization, facing big amount of environment and energy problems. Large amount of migration swam from rural area to urban area, which bring up with huge construction work. Low-efficiency of energy use and short life-cycle causes big amounts of waste on energy and materials in China. Developing sustainable building is an emergency and essential issue. There are lots of problems in Chinese sustainable development. The research is try to find out some of the most important factors in Chinese building construction sectors in order to explore new and better methods for a more sustainable development. As a limitation, the research is focused on technical aspects. The research is discussing the problems on three aspects: Regulation standard, Stimulate support system and transfer of technology. Each of the part is discussed the question of ―what is it means to sustainable building?‖ and ―how to improve it?‖ To get the answer, several different approaches are used to analyze the problems. A comparison of Design standard of Energy Efficiency and Denmark housing regulation in order to find the inadequacies of Chinese current regulation, an exploration of Chinese rating system of green building certification tries to find how to make an improvement for green building assessment. and two cases study is help to understand a proper approach of technical transferring. / 0736136147

The purpose of this study is to make a survey of the thirteen accredited high schools in Hill County to determine some of the factors associated with high school transfers in Hill County, and their results.

Facial modelling and animation has been an active research subject in computer graphics since the 1970s. Due to extremely complex biomechanical structures of human faces and people’s visual familiarity with human faces, modelling and animating realistic human faces is still one of greatest challenges in computer graphics. Since we are so familiar with human faces and very sensitive to unnatural subtle changes in human faces, it usually requires a tremendous amount of artistry and manual work to create a convincing facial model and animation. There is a clear need of developing automatic techniques for facial modelling in order to reduce manual labouring. In order to obtain a realistic facial model of an individual, it is now common to make use of 3D scanners to capture range scans from the individual and then fit a template to the range scans. However, most existing template-fitting methods require manually selected landmarks to warp the template to the range scans. It would be tedious to select landmarks by hand over a large set of range scans. Another way to reduce repeated work is synthesis by reusing existing data. One example is expression cloning, which copies facial expression from one face to another instead of creating them from scratch. This aim of this study is to develop a fully automatic framework for template-based facial modelling, facial expression transferring and facial expression tracking from range scans. In this thesis, the author developed an extension of the iterative closest points (ICP) algorithm, which is able to match a template with range scans in different scales, and a deformable model, which can be used to recover the shapes of range scans and to establish correspondences between facial models. With the registration method and the deformable model, the author proposed a fully automatic approach to reconstructing facial models and textures from range scans without re-quiring any manual interventions. In order to reuse existing data for facial modelling, the author formulated and solved the problem of facial expression transferring in the framework of discrete differential geometry. The author also applied his methods to face tracking for 4D range scans. The results demonstrated the robustness of the registration method and the capabilities of the deformable model. A number of possible directions for future work were pointed out.

Across six Chapters, this thesis examines the legal effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on the employees, Board of Directors and shareholders of companies with the objective of gaining in-depth understanding of this area. The thesis then develops legal and practical solutions for the problems and negative effects associated with M&As, specifically regarding employees, Boards of Directors and shareholder companies involved in such operations. This research determines to answer the following question: How do mergers and acquisitions (M&As) affect employees, management and shareholders rights and obligations? And what the legal basis for transferring their rights and liabilities between companies involved in M&As? Despite the importance of M&As as a means of economic concentration and emergence in terms of major commercial or industrial projects, the laws of both the UAE and Qatar do not sufficiently address the issue of mergers or their goals and conditions. They also fail to regulate acquisitions or to otherwise specify when acquisitions become necessary for companies. Furthermore, the laws do not specify the rights of workers regarding their knowledge of or participation in M&As or developed adequate solutions for the negative impacts on companies workers in such processes. These laws do not provide the right for the Board of Directors of the transferor company to merge with the Board of Directors of the transferee company. Additionally, they also unsuccessfully address the minority shareholders right (those not interested in the merger) to exit the merged company and recover the value of their shares. Moreover, the UAE and Qatar have not developed appropriate solutions for the exchange of shares between companies involved in mergers in the case of dissimilarity between the actual values of the shares of both companies. This has notably led to jurisprudence and judiciary confusion between the concept of M&As, their legal nature and the legal basis or theory for the transfer of the rights and liabilities of employees, management and shareholders between companies involved in M&A operations. In accordance with legal texts, the above discussion, M&A legal theory and the theory of the agency contract between a company and its Board of Directors, the thesis argues that M&As should not lead to cutting labour contracts or negatively affect employee rights as long as corporate ventures remain in place and M&A operations do not lead to the liquidation of merged or acquired companies. Also, the thesis shows that a company is linked with its Board of Directors through a special form of agency contract, which justifies the transfer of the rights of the Board of Directors of the merged company with regards to the merging or new company management. The thesis also develops solutions and processes for the exchange of shares between merged companies when there are differences between the actual values of their shares, through the shareholders of the merged company buying shares from the merging company or by selling their shares to the merging company and recovering the value of their shares in cash. The study also recommends taking a set of procedural measures during M&As, modifying some of the relevant legal texts of the UAE and Qatar, which would mitigate the negative effects of mergers and acquisitions. Furthermore, this research suggests ways to improve such laws to reach the level of those of developed countries, in order to encourage mergers and acquisitions in the region.

Le processus du transfert de connaissances managériales se fait dans un projet de partenariat public-privé, sur la stratégie adoptée par le partenaire public face au besoin d’acquisitions de connaissances dans un objectif de fournir un service public de qualité et d’avoir une autonomie managériale après l’achèvement du contrat. Les résultats de ce transfert de connaissances managériales des entreprises publiques algériennes en situation de partenariat avec leurs homologues étrangers, sont fonction de la capacité d’apprentissage de ces connaissances par le partenaire public afin de les acquérir, les intégrer au sein de l’organisation et les utiliser. Ils sont également fonction de la capacité d’émission du partenaire privé à faciliter le transfert par le biais de la codification de la connaissance selon les critères suivants : l’intention stratégique, la confiance et la transparence ainsi que la volonté mutuelle du partage de connaissances dans une relation de coopération. / Processes of transferring managerial knowledge is made in a project of public-private partnership PPP on the strategy adopted by the public partner face the need for acquisition of knowledge in a goal to provide a public high quality service and to have a managerial autonomy after contract’s completion.The Algerian public enterprises, partnership situation with their foreign counterparts, knowledge transfer’s results are depending on the learning capacity of this knowledge by the public partner to acquire, integrate within the organization and use them. They are also a function of the transmission capacity of the private partner to facilitating the transfer through knowledge’s codification according to the following criteria: the strategic intent, trust and transparency and mutual willingness knowledge’s sharing in a cooperative relationship.

The longitudinal solute transport modeling is critical in river and stream water quality management, control, and the mitigation of hazardous riverine spills. One of the widely used "deadzone" model is the transient storage model (TSM). TSM is a significant improvement over the advection-dispersion model (ADM), but it cannot simulate the breakthrough curve (BTC) immediately after a large pool. Additionally, the calibration (parameterization) method is challenged by the non-identifiability which is common to all inverse modeling, and it seems TSM cannot be easily used as a predictive tool, more of an interpretive tool of solute transport, i.e., is the parameter set calibrated via inverse modeling transferable? Pools are fundamental stream morphology unit in streams with mixed bed materials in pool-riffle or pool-step sequences. Understanding of how a pool impacts the longitudinal solute transport is the first step towards improving current model such as TSM or developing new models. By introducing a dimensionless group, e= Q/(Dt W) (where, Q is the average volumetric flow rate; Dt is an average transverse dispersion coefficient; W is the channel flow width), derived from non-dimensionalization of the governing equations of one of the most rigorous 2-dimansional (2D) (depth-averaged) model, Mike21, this work presents an alternative way of longitudinal solute transport investigation. Using the 2D fully hydrodynamic Mike21, numerical experiments were conducted on hypothetical streams in this dissertation. Simulation study on hypothetical stream with pool reveals that a pool's effects on longitudinal solute transport are manifested by three aspects: boosting longitudinal spreading (concentration peak attenuation), causing a solute plume delay and increasing solute residence time. These effects fade like a "wake" as the solute plume moves downstream. e provides an insight into the physics of longitudinal transport; it outlines a relative transverse mixing intensity of a stream. The internal transport and mixing condition (including the secondary circulations) in a pool together with the pool's dimensions determine the pool's storage effects especially when e >>1. The BTCs downstream from a pool may be "heavy tailed" (i.e., have enormously slow decaying rate) which cannot be modeled by the TSM. Results also suggest that the falling limb of a BTC more accurately characterizes the pool's storage effects because the corresponding solute has more chance to sample the entire storage area. n a more fundamental perspective, the predictive ability of inverse modeling parameterized model is discussed and conclusion is made about the role of a stream/river system's nonlinearity in determining the predictability; a misleading mis-nomenclature in TSM application is also demonstrated with a numerical experiment. / Civil Engineering

Esta tese tem como propósito o estudo da limitação dos poderes do controlador como mecanismo fundamental de proteção dos demais acionistas que integrem as companhias fechadas, sobretudo no contexto das operações de transferência de controle, nas quais é frequente que os minoritários fiquem impossibilitados de vender conjuntamente suas ações na mesma operação em que o controlador tiver transferido a sua participação a terceiros. A questão possui relevância na medida em que o art. 254-A da Lei das Sociedades por Ações (LSA Lei no 6404/1976) não cuida das companhias fechadas, e a obrigatoriedade da realização de oferta pública decorrente de alienação de controle nele prevista destina-se tão somente às companhias abertas. Na análise do assunto, discute-se a limitação dos poderes do controlador como o núcleo dos mecanismos de proteção das minorias, tendo em vista principalmente que as decisões nas companhias fechadas brasileiras são tomadas, como regra, por uma maioria estável, ficando os demais acionistas em uma posição de mera subordinação às decisões tomadas pelos controladores. É imperativo esclarecer que não se pretende assumir uma posição estanque de defesa dos minoritários, tampouco uma postura de ataque ao controlador. Ao revés, o verdadeiro desafio está em contrabalancear o legítimo poder conferido ao controlador, com os interesses dos minoritários. Para tanto, ao tema é conferido um tratamento de composição de interesses mediante o estabelecimento de limites aos poderes do controlador na exata medida necessária à proteção das minorias, sem, contudo, destronar o predomínio da maioria. Utilizam-se como fontes de pesquisa a literatura revisada nacional disponível em livros, periódicos, jurisprudência, decisões administrativas e na legislação pertinente ao tema. Na escassez de regulamentação substanciosa, complementa-se o estudo com teoria extraída da doutrina e da jurisprudência estrangeiras. / This thesis aims to study the limitation of the powers of the controller as a fundamental mechanism for the protection of the other shareholders that are part of the closely held companies, especially in the context of transfer of control transactions, in which it is common for minority remain unable to jointly sell their shares in the same transaction that the controller has transferred its equity interest to third parties. The matter is relevant as the article 254-A of Corporate Law (LSA Lei no 6.404/1976) does not regulate closely held companies, and the obligation to make public offering resulting from de transfer of control provided in such article is intended solely to publicly held companies. In analyzing the subject, it is discussed limiting the powers of the controller as the minority protection mechanisms core, especially in view of the fact that decisions in Brazilian closely held companies are taken, as a rule, by a stable majority, being the other shareholders in a position of mere subordination to the decisions taken by controllers. It is imperative to clarify that it is not intended to assume a standing position defending the minority, nor a posture of attack the controller. To the contrary, the real challenge is counterbalance the legitimate power given to the controller with the minority interests. Therefore, the subject is addressed in a sense of composition of interests by establishing limits to the powers of the controller in the exact extent necessary for the protection of minorities, without, however, dethrone prevalence of majority. As sources of research are used the national reviewed literature available decisions and pertinent legislation. In dearth of material rules, the study will be complemented with foreign doctrine and case law.

Red River Delta (RRD) ist einer von zwei gröÿten Flussmündungen in Vietnam. Das Gebiet ist der Ursprung des Reises in diesem Land. Die Landwirtschaft spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für die Wirtschaft Vietnams besonders im Red River Delta. In den vergangenen Jahren hat die Adoption von Neuerungen in der Landwirtschaft die Qualität und Menge der Produktion deutlich erhöht. Neue Getreidesorten wurden entwickelt, Management-, sowie Produktionsmethoden wie Integriertes Pest-Management (IPM) wurden verbessert, und Standards wie z. B. VIETGAP eingeführt. Das Forschungsprojekt konzentriert sich auf die Frage, welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, den Prozess der Übernahme von Neuerungen durch Landwirte zu verbessern. Dabei sind die sozioökonomischen Bedingungen des Gebiets zu berücksichtigen. In dem Projekt wird das vorhandene Innovationssystem bewertet um daraus die Empfehlungen für Verbesserungen abzuleiten. Das interdisziplinäre Forschungsprojekt verwendet An sätze der Diusionstheorie, des kollektiven Handelns, und einzelne Erklärungsfaktoren (z. B. kulturelle Bedingungen) um das individuelle Übernahmeverhalten erklären zu können. Die empirischen Ergebnisse der Arbeit beruhen auf 15 Experteninterviewsund 85 ausführlichen Befragungen von Kleinbauern. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Bauern, Beratern, Servicedienstleistern, S&T Organisationen, landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen und NGOs wird beschrieben. In vielen Fällen geschieht der Transfer an die Bauern, durch (1) von vertraglichen Vereinbarungen zwischen den Partnern, (2) durch Anreize, oder (3) durch Lernprozesss im Anschluss an die Verbreitung der Information durch Informationsnetze. Die Rolle von Bauern in diesen Prozessen ist sowohl durch eine aktive oder passive Teilnahme gekennzeichnet. Die Landwirte werden in Gruppen eingeteilt: frühe Adopter, Imitatoren (späte Adopter) und Nichtadopter, um das Adoptionsverhalten besser erklären zu können. / The Red River Delta (RRD) is one of two biggest deltas in Vietnam. The region is the origin of paddy rice in the country. Agriculture plays a crucial role for Vietnam''s economy, especially in the RRD. Recently, adoption of innovations in agriculture has enhanced the quality and quantity of production. Old varieties of crops have been replaced, and improved management practices as well as production methods such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM), VIETGAP have been implemented. This research project focuses on the question, whether there is a need to enhance the process of innovation transfer to farmers. Socioeconomic conditions of the region have to be taken into account. The project will evaluate the existing transfer system and tries to nd out if it is possible to improve the innovation transfer by interfering into the process. The interdisciplinary research project uses the theory of diffusion of innovation, theory of collective action, and other explanations such as the cultural inuence and individual behavior. The results of this report are based on 15 expert interviews and 85 detailed questionnaires of smallholder farmers. The cooperation between farmers and agents of extension services, S&T organizations, agricultural enterprises, NGOs will be described. In some cases, the process of innovation transfer to farmers happens directly because of agreements in a contract between partners, or motivated by incentives, or simply pursuant to a learning process following diffusion of information through networks. The role of farmers in these processes is also directly observed as an active or passive participation. Farmers are classifed in groups of adopters (potential adopters, early adopters), imitators (later adopters) and non-adopters and factors to explain the adoption behavior are discussed.