O Governo federal prioriza seus aliados locais na provisão de recursos públicos? Utilizando dados do Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil - programa do Ministério da Saúde que visa a provisão de saúde básica e o aumento da densidade médica nos municípios brasileiros -, esta dissertação estima o impacto do alinhamento partidário entre governos federal e municipal sobre os indicadores de médicos transferidos e de probabilidade de participação dos municípios no programa. São testadas ainda a existência de punição a municípios governados por partidos de oposição e efeitos diferenciados do alinhamento partidário para subamostras de municípios. Os resultados sugerem que não há privilégio aos municípios governados pelo partido do Governo Federal nem punição aos governados pela oposição. As evidências sinalizam também uma má focalização do programa e a existência de efeito do alinhamento partidário sobre a participação municipal no programa entre municípios governados por prefeitos em segundo mandato. / Does the federal government prioritize its local\'s allies on the provision of public resources? Using data of the Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil - an ongoing program from the Brazilian Ministry of Health that targets the provision of basic health services and the increase of the physicians per capita rate by transferring professionals to the Brazilian municipalities -, this dissertation assesses the impact of the political alignment between federal and local governments on the number of physicians transferred to municipalities and the municipalities\' probability of participation. The results suggest that the current federal government does not prioritize same-party municipalities nor penalizes the ones governed by the opposition parties. Evidence also indicate poor targeting of the program and the existence of party alignment effect on municipal participation among municipalities governed by second term mayors.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar as normas que disciplinam as transferências intergovernamentais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro implantado com o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988, mostrando a sua importância como instrumento tendente a assegurar a autonomia dos entes federativos. O trabalho tem início com o estudo do Estado Federal e suas principais características, do estudo do Federalismo Fiscal, assim como a definição, principais características, objetivos e justificativas das transferências intergovernamentais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Em seguida, haverá a demonstração e a sistematização de algumas das transferências intergovernamentais no federalismo fiscal implantado pela Constituição Federal de 1988, verificando as formas de distribuição de receita entre os entes federativos, de modo a possibilitar o alcance da efetiva autonomia financeira de cada um. Por fim, os principais pressupostos teóricos decorrentes da análise do texto positivo serão aplicados na prática, com o breve exame de alguns casos controvertidos na doutrina e na jurisprudência. / This masters´ thesis has the purpose of analyzing the provisions which rule the intergovernmental transfers in the Brazilian legal order implemented with the establishment of the Federal Constitution of 1988, showing its importance as instrument to ensure the independence of the federal units. The work started with the study of the Federal State and its main characteristics, the study of the Fiscal Federalism, as well as the definition, main characteristics, goals and justifications of the intergovernmental transfers in the Brazilian legal order. Then, there comes the demonstration and systematization of some intergovernmental transfers in the fiscal federalism implemented by the Federal Constitution of 1988, checking the income distribution of forms between the federative units, in order to allow each one to achieve its effective financial independence. Finally, the main theoretical assumptions resulting from the analysis of the positive text will apply in practice, with the brief examination of some controversial cases in the doctrine and in the jurisprudence.

O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar a sustentabilidade fiscal dos estados brasileiros durante o período entre 2001 e 2015 e verificar como esta é afetada pelo sistema de transferências intergovernamentais. Para tanto, foram apresentadas as configurações institucionais da política fiscal das Unidades Federativas e definidas duas medidas diferentes de saldo primário, uma delas incluindo e outra excluindo as receitas e despesas com transferências intergovernamentais. Através das referidas medidas foram aplicadas técnicas de dados em painel para avaliar se a relação Dívida/PIB influenciou positivamente o Saldo Primário (Modelo de Bohn: 1998, 2008). Os resultados indicam que a dívida pública não é sustentável e que a evidência de não sustentabilidade independe da inclusão/exclusão das transferências intergovernamentais. Os efeitos, contudo, são heterogêneos. Os estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste, pagadores líquidos de transferências, não atendem a condição de sustentabilidade quando é usado o saldo primário usual, passando a atendê-la quando as transferências intergovernamentais são desconsideradas. Já os demais estados demonstram grande fragilidade fiscal, não atendendo a condição de sustentabilidade sob nenhuma circunstância. Palavras / The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate Brazilian states\' fiscal sustainability during the period 2001 to 2015 and verify how the system of intergovernmental transfers affects it. Therefore, we estimate fiscal reaction functions using two measures of primary balance, one including and other excluding the revenues and expenditures of transfers. The results indicate that the public debt is not sustainable, regardless the inclusion/exclusion of intergovernmental grants. The effects are, however, heterogeneous. States in the South and Southeast, which are liquid donors of grants, do not attend the sustainability condition for the usual primary balance, the reverse occurring when the primary balance exclude the intergovernmental transfers. The remaining states, however, show great fiscal fragility, since they do not attend the sustainability condition under no circumstance.

Et si la santé était une chose trop sérieuse pour être confiée à des acteurs sanitaires ? Et si la fin des risques était possible ? Ces interrogations ont, entre autres, animé la planification en santé environnement(ale). Cette thèse sonde les genèse, conception et portée de cet instrument aussi sujet aux transferts et variations qu’aux aléas et controverses. Elle se penche sur l’OMS qui l’a initié, jusqu’au niveau national français où la planification est épousée de diverses manières. Une approche par les acteurs est privilégiée, un regard conjoint sur le déjà-là et le changement réclamé. Ainsi, l’analyse comprend la dimension politique de la planification comme dépendante d’un dépassement : celui d’acteurs du génie sanitaire, entrepreneurs historiques de santé environnement(ale), par des nouveaux groupes sanitaire et écologique disposant de ressources-clés dans l’appareil d’État. Plus particulièrement, la pérennité de la planification procède des acteurs écologiques. Renversant les projets de l’OMS, cette configuration suggère un glissement de propriété du problème santé environnement(ale). Depuis plus de vingt ans, la planification réduit l’ubiquité de la santé environnement(ale). Elle en esquisse aussi l’explosivité. À qui veut saisir la fabrique de ce problème, ses acteurs et débats, ses temps et grandeurs, ce travail propose quelques clés de lecture. Ces clés ouvrent sur l'intérieur, les sommets et les marges de l'État. S’y distingue une expertise systémique transcendant durablement sa pendante scientifique dans le gouvernement des relations humains/milieux. S’y dévoilent les sens composites des transversalités et leurs rapports vivaces aux sectorialités. / What if health was too serious to be left to health actors ? What if risks can disappear ? These interrogations have driven some of the national environmental health action plans. This specific planning is structurally a matter of transfers and changes, uncertainty and controversies. This thesis deals with its genesis, making, and effects. It integrates a transnational scene, the World Health Organization that initiates the planning. It also considers a national level, the French one precisely, that imports the planning. Two rationale are used : an actor-centered approach, a balanced examination of preexistence and innovation. This work thus foresees the political dimension of the national environmental health planning in France. It requires health and ecological state actors with adequate resources. These actors go beyond sanitary engineers that are historical advocates of environmental health. Besides, the ecological actors determine the continuity of the planning. This suggests that the owners of the environmental health problem have now changed. This also means a distance with the initial project of WHO. For more than twenty years, the national planning reduces the ubiquity of environmental health. It also suggests its exploding aspects. This thesis provides some insight to understand the making of this problem, its actors and debates, its times and quantities. It explores the inside, the highest level and the boundaries of the state. It enlightens the transcendence of systemic expertise with respect to scientific expertise for governing the human-environment relationships. More broadly, it leads to question the vigorous relation between the cross-cutting and sectoral aspects of public intervention.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de définir les effets potentiels, actuels et futurs, des flux d’investissement réalisés dans le cadre de projets du type Mécanisme de Développement propre (MDP) ou tout autre mécanisme successeur. Ainsi, nous proposons une évaluation de ce type d’investissements, perçu par les pays en développement à l’horizon de 2020 et 2050, ainsi que de leurs effets économiques. Nous essayons aussi de définir les caractéristiques (observées jusqu'à présent) de ces flux et de leurs interactions avec les flux financiers «classiquement» perçus par les Pays en Développement (PED) : aide publique au développement (APD) et investissements directs étrangers (IDE). Sont aussi étudiés les facteurs principaux qui pourraient induire de plus conséquentes retombées pour les pays récepteurs, mais aussi les impacts des MDP en termes de développement durable et de transferts technologiques. L’analyse est complétée par une description des principaux obstacles qui existent (en raison des caractéristiques des pays récepteurs mais aussi du mécanisme lui-même), des tentatives de solutions déjà adoptées ainsi que des mécanismes alternatifs qui pourraient être mis en place à l’avenir. Ainsi, l’analyse démontre les effets bénéfiques des projets MDP (ou des potentiels mécanismes successeurs) en termes d'investissements perçus, d’Unités de Réductions Carbone (qui peuvent en résulter), de croissance économique, de transferts technologiques et de développement durable pour les pays non-Annexe I. En outre, l’analyse souligne l'importance des capacités d’absorption de ces pays (notamment présence de main-d'œuvre qualifiée, disponibilité de facilités de crédit et d’infrastructures dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables) afin de bénéficier plus largement des potentielles retombées économiques. Ainsi, la mise en place d'un mécanisme similaire amélioré et accompagné de programmes de développement des capacités installés, devrait être du plus grand intérêt autant pour les pays Annexe I et non-Annexe I dans le cadre de futures négociations du CCNUCC. / The present thesis focuses on the definition of potential Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (or other successor mechanism) financial flows at the horizon of 2020 and 2050 and on their impact on recipient countries’ economies. The analysis is completed by an overview of the current CDM characteristics, not only through a comparison with other financial flows (Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and Official development Assistance (ODA)) typical for developing countries, but also through a detailed survey of the conditions that would ease the spread of greater spill-over effects and through an analysis of the current impacts on host countries’ economic growth. At last, the thesis presents an overview of the current CDM impacts in terms of technology transfers and sustainable development and it proposes a detailed overview of the main offset- mechanism limits, the undergone improvements and the alternative solutions. Thus, the thesis shows the positive impact that projects under the CDM or any potential successor mechanisms can have in terms of perceived investments, issued carbon emission reductions, economic growth, technology transfers and, ultimately, sustainable development within non-Annex I host countries. In addition, it demonstrates that larger share of benefits will be earned by those countries that would be able to absorb greater spill-over effects through their more favourable conditions in terms of renewable energies infrastructure, credit facilities and qualified human capital availability. For both Annex I and non-Annex I countries, the generalization of an improved sustainable successor mechanisms, in combination with robust capacity building programs, should be of the highest interest in any future negotiations under the UNFCCC.

La notion de l’agir en Grèce ancienne a, dans les études grecques au XXème siècle, fait l’objet d’un débat important, fondé sur des textes philosophiques – avant tout Aristote – et littéraires – particulièrement Homère et la tragédie grecque. Le débat porte sur la prise de position du lecteur moderne face au traitement antique de cette notion, entre familiarité et sentiment d’étrangeté. L’alternative suivante se présente en effet à lui : la conception grecque de l’agir lui est-elle familière, en ce qu’elle est à l’origine de la notion occidentale, ou est-elle devenue absolument étrangère ? Le philologue allemand Bruno Snell et le philosophe français Jean-Pierre Vernant ont apporté des contributions fondamentales à ce sujet.Dans la présente thèse de doctorat, les positions des deux chercheurs sont comparées à lueur de leurs méthodes – « Geistesgeschichte », histoire de l’esprit et « Wortphilologie », philologie du mot, pour Snell, psychologie historique, sociologie, anthropologie et structuralisme chez Vernant. Par ailleurs, la thèse analyse dans quelle mesure leurs contributions s’ancrent dans les traditions nationales respectives des études grecques. Cette réflexion est particulièrement intéressante dans le cas de Bruno Snell et de Jean-Pierre Vernant qui pratiquaient la recherche de manière explicitement interdisciplinaire et internationale. Bruno Snell et Jean-Pierre Vernant sont d’éminentes personnalités des études grecques de la seconde moitié du vingtième siècle. Ils n’inspirèrent point simplement leur propre champ de recherche mais eurent en tant qu’intellectuels au sens zolien, une influence politique et sociale. / The notion of acting in ancient Greece was intensely discussed in the field of ancient Greek scholarship during the 20th century on the basis of philosophical texts – above all by Aristotle – and literary texts – particularly by Homer and the Greek tragedy. The debate revolves around the position of the modern reader with regard to the ancient notion, between estrangement and familiarity. He is faced with the following alternative: is the Greek conception of acting familiar to him, being the source of the western one, or has it become absolutely alien to him? The German philologist Bruno Snell and the French philosopher Jean-Pierre Vernant have made fundamental contributions to this debate.This PhD compares the positions of both researchers with regard to their methodologies – Snell’s « Geistesgeschichte », history of the spirit and « Wortphilologie », philology of the word, and Vernant’s historical psychology, sociology, anthropology and structuralism. Moreover, this dissertation analyses to what extent their contributions are rooted in the respective national traditions of ancient Greek scholarship. This reflection is particularly interesting in the case of Bruno Snell and Jean-Pierre Vernant, as they both pursued an explicitly international and interdisciplinary approach to research. Bruno Snell and Jean-Pierre Vernant are eminent classical scholars of the second half of the twentieth century. Not only did they inspire their own field of research through their work, but they also exerted a strong social and political influence as intellectuals in the sense of Emile Zola. / Die Frage nach dem Begriff des Handelns bei den Griechen wurde in der Klassischen Philologie des 20. Jahrhunderts anhand philosophischer (vor allem Aristoteles) und literarischer Texte (vor allem Homer und der griechischen Tragödie) stark debattiert. Gegenstand dieser Debatte ist die Haltung des heutigen Lesers gegenüber der antiken Auffassung dieses Begriffs, zwischen Vertrautheit und Fremdheit. Dabei stellt sich folgende Frage: Steht uns heute das griechische Konzept des Handelns nah, als Ursprung des abendländischen Konzeptes, oder ist es uns ganz und gar fremd geworden? Der deutsche Altphilologe Bruno Snell und der französische Philosoph Jean-Pierre Vernant haben zu diesem Thema relevante und bedeutende Beiträge geleistet. Die Positionen des deutschen und des französischen Wissenschaftlers werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit in Bezug auf ihre jeweilige Methodik − Geistesgeschichte und Wortphilologie bei Snell, historische Psychologie, Soziologie, Anthropologie und Strukturalismus bei Vernant − verglichen. Darüber hinaus wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern ihre Beiträge in ihrer jeweiligen Wissenschaftstradition verwurzelt sind. Diese Fragestellung ist im Falle Snells und Vernants von besonderem Interesse, da beide explizit eine überfachliche und internationale Auffassung von Wissenschaft vertreten. Bruno Snell und Jean-Pierre Vernant sind bedeutende Persönlichkeiten der Gräzistik der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts; sie haben nicht nur ihr Fach durch ihre Forschung geprägt, sondern hatten − als Intellektuelle im Sinne Zolas − auch gesellschaftlich und politisch großen Einfluss. / La questione della nozione del agire presso gli antichi Greci fu l’oggetto di un dibattito importante nella filologia classica del Novecento, fondato sia su testi filosofici (sopratutto Aristotele) che letterari (innanzitutto Omero e la tragedia greca). L’argomento del dibattito è la presa di posizione del lettore moderno di fronte alla nozione antica, fra estraniamento e confidenza. Sorge dunque la domanda seguente: ci risulta familiare la nozione greca del agire, in quanto origine della nozione occidentale, oppure è diventata assolutamente estranea per noi? Il filologo tedesco Bruno Snell e il filosofo francese Jean-Pierre Vernant hanno portato contributi fondamentali a questo argomento. Nella tesi di dottorato, le posizioni dei due scientifici vengono comparate rispetto ai loro metodi – « Geistesgeschichte », storia dello spirito e « Wortphilologie », filologia della parola, presso Snell, psicologia storica, sociologia, antropologia e strutturalismo presso Vernant. Inoltre, la tesi esamina quanto i loro contributi siano radicati nelle tradizioni scientifiche nazionali. Questa problematica è particolarmente interessante nel caso di Snell e Vernant, siccome tutti e due adottavano esplicitamente una concezione interdisciplinaria e internazionale della scienza. Bruno Snell e Jean-Pierre Vernant sono eminenti personalità della filologia greca della seconda metà del Novecento; non hanno solamente ispirato il loro campo di ricerca, ma avevano – come intellettuali nel senso di Zola – anche un’influenza sociale e politica.

Dans un contexte bipolaire Est-Ouest, l’accord de coopération spatiale franco-soviétique conclu lors de la détente demande la réalisation de programmes spatiaux engageant l’action des scientifiques. Cette recherche étudie les interactions entre les politiques publiques et la capacité d’agir des organismes délégués et des réseaux scientifiques en France et en URSS entre 1966 et 1988. L’analyse vise à appréhender la capacité des acteurs à répondre aux objectifs assignés à cette politique de coopération. L’objectif diplomatique vise à « dépasser l’affrontement entre les deux blocs » lancé en 1966 sur le long terme, faisant de la coopération bilatérale un instrument de diplomatie scientifique, et l’objectif visant à matérialiser la relation sous forme de projets spatiaux automatiques et de missions de vols habités. Des réseaux de scientifiques russes et français contribuent à l’internationalisation des sciences, comme le montrent en 1986 le projet VEGA et les missions de vols habités PVH et Aragatz. La manière dont ces objectifs interfèrent avec des facteurs structurels externes met en lumière la capacité des acteurs à établir une gouvernance au moyen d’une communication innovante, formelle et informelle. Dans un contexte de relations internationales parfois tendues, la démonstration de cette aptitude renforce le champ de la diplomatie spatiale. Il s’agira de contribuer à une histoire croisée de la coopération spatiale en France et en URSS. L’ambition est de rendre compte, par l’analyse des interactions des réseaux scientifiques du spatial avec le politique et dans le contexte des relations internationales des Etats, de leur capacité à coopérer en situation concurrentielle. Cette démarche entend contribuer à la relecture d’une séquence de la guerre froide que l’historiographie récente revisite par les circulations Est-Ouest. / In the East-West bipolar context, a Franco-Soviet space cooperation agreement demanding the implementation of space programs involving the work of scientists was concluded in 1966. This thesis examines the interactions between the public politics applied in centralised institutions between 1966 and 1988, and the capacity of delegated bodies and scientific networks in France and the USSR to act in a situation characterized by periods of retraction and détente.The analysis draws on the role of politics of cooperation having two distinct objectives: the superior and long-term political goal of "overcoming the confrontation of the two blocs" launched in 1966, for which bilateral cooperation becomes the instrument of scientific diplomacy, and the objective to materialise the relationship in the form of joint robotic space and human spaceflight projects. The way in which these objectives are influenced by external factors highlights the capability of actors to establish a system of governance through innovative formal and informal communication. In a context of sometimes tense international relations, the demonstration of this aptitude reinforces the field of a space diplomacy. This work will contribute to an intertwined history of space cooperation between France and the USSR. The ambition is to account for their ability to collaborate in a competitive situation by analysing the interactions between scientific networks in space and politics intertwined with international relations between the states.This approach aims to contribute to the re-reading of a sequence of the Cold War that recent historiography revisits through East-West circulations.

This dissertation contributes to the emerging empirical literature on the developmental impact of international migration in the source developing economy. Given the policy priority placed on job creation and the emphasis on wage impacts in recent work, the focus here is on the consequences of emigration on the extent of employment and the nature of that employment of those left behind. In particular, our questions are (i) does international migration and remittances have an impact on unemployment rates in the source country? and (ii) do remittances encourage entrepreneurship, as reflected by the share of workers classified as self-employed? We investigate these questions using census data from Mexico, unlike much of previous work that has relied on household survey data. Our empirical strategy attempts to address the typical issues of self-selection and endogeneity that migration impact studies encounter. We classify workers into skill groups and employ the Borjas (2003) empirical strategy, carrying out our analysis at the national level. We also introduce the fractional logit estimator (Papke and Wooldridge (1996)), unused in this field before, to address the fact that the dependent variables of concern are both proportions, and thus avoid the flaws in typical studies that investigate the impact of selected variables on the conditional expectation of a proportion or vector of proportions. Our results show that (i) emigration and remittances decrease native unemployment rates, and (ii) remittances intensify self-employment activities among the receivers. These results are even stronger once we control for sample bias and endogeneity. In terms of economic policy, we therefore provide indirect evidence that migration and remittances could be growth enhancing through their effects on employment in the source country. / Cette dissertation contribue à la littérature empirique naissante sur l'impact développemental de la migration internationale dans le pays source. Etant donné la priorité de politique placée sur la création d'emplois, l’analyse est ici portée sur les conséquences de l'émigration sur l'emploi et la nature de cet emploi. En particulier, nos questions sont les suivantes, d’une part, (i) est-ce que la migration internationale et les transferts de fonds des travailleurs migrants ont un impact sur le taux de chômage dans le pays de source? D’autre part, (ii) les transferts de fonds des travailleurs migrants encouragent-ils l'esprit d'entreprise, comme reflété par la proportion de travailleurs indépendants du pays source? Nous étudions ces questions en utilisant des données de recensement du Mexique et des Etats-Unis, à la différence de beaucoup des travaux précédents qui se sont fondés sur des données d'enquête de ménage. Notre stratégie empirique essaye d'adresser les problèmes de biais de sélection et d’endogénéite, problèmes que les études précédentes ont rencontrés. Nous classifions les travailleurs dans différents groupes de compétence et utilisons la stratégie empirique dévelopée par Borjas (2003), effectuant ainsi notre analyse au niveau national. Nous introduisons également l'estimateur partiel de logit (développé par Papke et Wooldridge (1996)). Nos résultants montrent que (i) l'émigration et les transferts de fonds de travailleurs migrants diminuent le taux de chômage du pays source, et par ailleurs (ii) les transferts de fonds de travailleurs migrants augmentent le taux de travailleurs indépendants dans le pays source. Ces résultats sont encore plus significatifs une fois que nous prenons en considération les problèmes économétriques liés aux biais de sélection et d’endogénéité. En termes de politique économique, nous fournissons donc des preuves empiriques quant aux effets de la migration internationale et des transferts de fonds migrants sur la croissance économique du pays de source.

Este trabalho analisa a relação entre ideias e políticas públicas. Procuramos entender como ideias sobre transferências monetárias circulam e de que modo se traduzem e/ou afetam os programas/sistemas de transferência monetária em diferentes contextos. Para tanto, examinamos quatro programas de transferência monetária em três países distintos o Child Support Grant da África do Sul, o Programa Bolsa Família do Brasil e o Chile Solidario e o Ingreso Ético Familiar do Chile. Argumentamos que é necessário combinar duas literaturas distintas estudos de difusão e transferência e abordagens cognitivas de modo a ter uma lente para analisar este fenômeno. A junção das literaturas permite-nos entender como ideias e políticas públicas viajam e se enraízam em diferentes lugares. O trabalho contribui, então, para compreender a circulação de ideias e o modo como estas se traduzem de diferentes formas consoante o contexto, originando políticas públicas com variações consideráveis. Além disso, para os três países estudados, analisamos o conteúdo das ideias, o que permite uma melhor compreensão dos debates sobre os programas e dos formatos adotados por cada um deles. / The present work examines the relation between ideas and public policy. We aim at understanding how ideas on cash transfers circulate and how they translate into/affect cash transfer programs in different contexts. In order to do so we investigate four programs/systems in three different countries South Africas Child Support Grant; Brazils Bolsa Família and the both Chilean Chile Solidario and Ingreso Ético Familiar We argue that it is necessary to combine two different bodies of literature diffusion and transfer studies as well as cognitive approaches in order to analyze this phenomenon. The interweaving of these two literatures allows us to understand how ideas and public policy travel and how they are rooted in different places. This work contributes to a better understanding of how ideas circulate and how they translate differently according to the context, originating public policy with substantial variation. Furthermore, for the three case studies, we analyze the content of ideas, allowing for a better comprehension of the debates surrounding the programs and of their design choices.

The personal income taxes as well as individual welfare benefits are among the basic tools of redistribution in the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis concentrates on the qualification of the transfers realized with the help of these tools and the identification of the recipients of these transfers. The theoretical part of this work introduces both redistributing systems and analyzes possible tools of redistribution. The reader is introduced into the problems caused by both systems and also possible solutions. The systems have been dealt with separately so far. The final part of my work therefore brings among other things a different perspective on the change of the distribution of income before and after taxation and before and after receiving social transfers. Gini index and graphic representation of the effect of redistribution at the Lorenz curve are used here. The final part of my work also summarizes data on the income distribution in the Czech Republic and on the changes caused by the taxation or provision of social transfers.