A partir d'une pratique clinique auprès de mineurs suivis dans un cadre judiciaire pénal, nous avons choisi d'aborder les problématiques de transgressions délictuelles à l'adolescence sous un angle interprétatif un peu décalé par rapport à celui, plus habituel, d'un défaut de régulation du Surmoi, en nous intéressant aux articulations dynamiques et topiques de celui-ci avec les instances idéales que sont le Moi-idéal et l'Idéal du Moi. Il apparaît pertinent de distinguer ces deux concepts, l'un étant le substitut du narcissisme primaire, constitué de fantasmes d'autarcie, d'omnipotence et de satisfaction absolue, l'autre étant l'héritier du complexe d'œdipe, fondé à travers l'élaboration du complexe de castration, et nourri des identifications aux objets parentaux idéalisés. Le Moi-idéal engage des mouvements de régression narcissique et apparaît comme un antagoniste du Surmoi, alors que l'Idéal du Moi soutient la maturation du Moi et, dans un développement normal, est amené à s'intriquer progressivement avec le Surmoi jusqu'à former un système Surmoi-idéal. Le Moi-idéal est le substitut du narcissisme primaire à partir de la reconnaissance de l'objet. L'Idéal du Moi peut être considéré comme le substitut du Moi-idéal dont il reprend les aspirations mais en se soumettant aux limites du désir que constituent l'épreuve de réalité, le sentiment de culpabilité et la castration symbolique. Nous soutenons avec d'autres auteurs que si l'Idéal du Moi s'ébauche au décours du complexe d'œdipe, il ne se structure véritablement qu'au cours du processus d'adolescence. Sa structuration s'étaye sur l'axe des relations d'objet isogénériques, c'est-à-dire concernant le parent du même sexe puis ses substituts, et ce à deux niveaux : à un niveau dyadique de relation, non ambivalente, et à un niveau triadique, ambivalent et œdipien. L'Idéal du Moi peut être considéré comme l'aboutissement de l'élaboration du complexe d'œdipe négatif, élaboration qui ne se réalise véritablement qu'à l'adolescence. L'étude clinique d'adolescents auteurs de transgressions délictuelles, sur un registre sexuel et/ou agressif, met en évidence l'existence de perturbations psychiques liées à des traumatismes et à des dysfonctionnements familiaux durant l'enfance de ces sujets, perturbations renforcées par le processus d'adolescence lui-même. L'articulation dynamique et topique entre instances en est atteinte. On peut ainsi repérer dans la séquence qui entoure le délit une alternance, plus ou moins radicale selon les cas, entre sentiment de triomphe et effondrement narcissique, signant respectivement les effets du Moi-idéal et du Surmoi archaïque. L'hypothèse centrale est que l'émergence d'actes délictuels n'est pas le signe d'une faiblesse du Surmoi, celui-ci apparaissant au contraire très actif aussi bien dans des registres de fonctionnement névrotique que limite ; l'apparente inefficience du Surmoi apparaît plutôt comme le résultat d'isolations, voire de clivages à l'intérieur du système Surmoi-idéal, et/ou d'une intensification du mouvement d'identification au Moi-idéal, mouvements défensifs qui érodent les effets interdicteurs du Surmoi. Ces mouvements défensifs peuvent être rangés sous ce que nous nommons une position perverse, investie régressivement ou révélant une inélaboration de la position dépressive et de la triangulation œdipienne.

O presente trabalho descreve as assembléias de diatomáceas, presentes em um perfil sedimentar na Lagoa do Peixe, Litoral Médio do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de efetuar a reconstrução paleoambiental e identificar os períodos de maior influência marinha e hidrodinâmica, como conseqüências das variações do nível do mar ocorridas durante o Holoceno. O testemunho de sondagem T09 foi selecionado para estudo, devido à boa recuperação e à presença de um espesso pacote de lama próximo à base. Os resultados da análise de diatomáceas revelaram a presença de 114 táxons, constituintes das assembléias fósseis, dominadas pelo complexo de Paralia (Paralia fenestrata, P.sulcata e Paralia sp.), associados à táxons marinhos, entre eles: Auliscus caelatus e Triceratium favus; e os táxons marinhos salobros: Cyclotella striata, Dimeregramma marinum, D. minor var. minor e Psamococconeis disculoides, entre outros. Os resultados da distribuição, tafonomia e paleoecologia do complexo de Paralia e das assembléias presentes ao longo do perfil, forneceram maior detalhamento evolutivo do sistema lagunar associadas à ocorrência de três oscilações de alta freqüência do nível do mar na PCRS, interligadas à períodos de maior influência hidrodinâmica, comprovando que a morfologia lagunar sofreu intensas modificações ao longo do tempo. Entre as idades de 7420-7020 e 5370-5340 anos AP, ocorreram duas oscilações de alta freqüência, que atingiram o sistema lagunar, afetando diretamente as assembléias presentes. Entre as idades de 5370-5340- 2340-2060 anos AP, ocorreu uma terceira oscilação de alta freqüência, concordando com o máximo transgressivo registrado para a região sul do Brasil. A distinta composição observada entre as assembléias fósseis e atuais (preservadas em sedimentos superficiais) é um indicativo de que durante o Holoceno, a Lagoa do Peixe comportou-se como um sistema lagunar, apresentando características morfosedimentares, geomorfológicas, hidrodinâmicas e ecológicas, totalmente diferente das condições atuais, onde assume configurações de lagoa costeira semi-fechada, de ligação restrita com o oceano por meio de um canal de ligação. / This paper describes the diatom assemblages present in a sediment profile in the Lagoa do Peixe, Middle Littoral of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to make the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and identify periods of increased marine influence and hydrodynamics, as a consequence of changes sea level occurred during the Holocene. The drill core T09 was selected for study due to good recovery and the presence of a thick pack of mud near the base. The results of diatom analysis revealed the presence of 114 taxa, constituents of fossil assemblages, dominated by complex Paralia (Paralia fenestrata, P.sulcata and Paralia sp.), associated with marine taxa: Auliscus caelatus and Triceratium favus, brackish and marine taxa: Cyclotella striata, Dimeregramma marinum, D. minor var.minor and Psamococconeis disculoides, among others. The results of the distribution, taphonomy and paleoecology of Paralia complex assemblages, present along the profile, provided a more detailed evolution of the lagoon system associated with the occurrence of three high-frequency oscillations in sea level in the PCRS, linked to periods of greater influence hydrodynamics, proving that the lagoon morphology underwent enormous changes over time. Between the ages of 7420- 7020 and 5370-5340 years BP, there were two high frequency oscillations, which reached the lagoon system, directly affecting the assemblages present. Between the ages of 5370-5340- 2340-2060 years BP, there was a third high frequency oscillation, in agreement with the transgressive maximum recorded for the southern region of Brazil. The difference in composition observed between the modern and fossil assemblages (preserved in surface sediments), is an indication that during the Holocene, the Lagoa do Peixe, behaved like a lagoon system, whose morphosedimentar, geomorphological, hydrodynamic and ecological characteristics were totally dissimilar from actual conditions representing semi-enclosed coastal lagoon which had restricted connection with the oceano through an inlet.

O presente trabalho descreve as assembléias de diatomáceas, presentes em um perfil sedimentar na Lagoa do Peixe, Litoral Médio do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de efetuar a reconstrução paleoambiental e identificar os períodos de maior influência marinha e hidrodinâmica, como conseqüências das variações do nível do mar ocorridas durante o Holoceno. O testemunho de sondagem T09 foi selecionado para estudo, devido à boa recuperação e à presença de um espesso pacote de lama próximo à base. Os resultados da análise de diatomáceas revelaram a presença de 114 táxons, constituintes das assembléias fósseis, dominadas pelo complexo de Paralia (Paralia fenestrata, P.sulcata e Paralia sp.), associados à táxons marinhos, entre eles: Auliscus caelatus e Triceratium favus; e os táxons marinhos salobros: Cyclotella striata, Dimeregramma marinum, D. minor var. minor e Psamococconeis disculoides, entre outros. Os resultados da distribuição, tafonomia e paleoecologia do complexo de Paralia e das assembléias presentes ao longo do perfil, forneceram maior detalhamento evolutivo do sistema lagunar associadas à ocorrência de três oscilações de alta freqüência do nível do mar na PCRS, interligadas à períodos de maior influência hidrodinâmica, comprovando que a morfologia lagunar sofreu intensas modificações ao longo do tempo. Entre as idades de 7420-7020 e 5370-5340 anos AP, ocorreram duas oscilações de alta freqüência, que atingiram o sistema lagunar, afetando diretamente as assembléias presentes. Entre as idades de 5370-5340- 2340-2060 anos AP, ocorreu uma terceira oscilação de alta freqüência, concordando com o máximo transgressivo registrado para a região sul do Brasil. A distinta composição observada entre as assembléias fósseis e atuais (preservadas em sedimentos superficiais) é um indicativo de que durante o Holoceno, a Lagoa do Peixe comportou-se como um sistema lagunar, apresentando características morfosedimentares, geomorfológicas, hidrodinâmicas e ecológicas, totalmente diferente das condições atuais, onde assume configurações de lagoa costeira semi-fechada, de ligação restrita com o oceano por meio de um canal de ligação. / This paper describes the diatom assemblages present in a sediment profile in the Lagoa do Peixe, Middle Littoral of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to make the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and identify periods of increased marine influence and hydrodynamics, as a consequence of changes sea level occurred during the Holocene. The drill core T09 was selected for study due to good recovery and the presence of a thick pack of mud near the base. The results of diatom analysis revealed the presence of 114 taxa, constituents of fossil assemblages, dominated by complex Paralia (Paralia fenestrata, P.sulcata and Paralia sp.), associated with marine taxa: Auliscus caelatus and Triceratium favus, brackish and marine taxa: Cyclotella striata, Dimeregramma marinum, D. minor var.minor and Psamococconeis disculoides, among others. The results of the distribution, taphonomy and paleoecology of Paralia complex assemblages, present along the profile, provided a more detailed evolution of the lagoon system associated with the occurrence of three high-frequency oscillations in sea level in the PCRS, linked to periods of greater influence hydrodynamics, proving that the lagoon morphology underwent enormous changes over time. Between the ages of 7420- 7020 and 5370-5340 years BP, there were two high frequency oscillations, which reached the lagoon system, directly affecting the assemblages present. Between the ages of 5370-5340- 2340-2060 years BP, there was a third high frequency oscillation, in agreement with the transgressive maximum recorded for the southern region of Brazil. The difference in composition observed between the modern and fossil assemblages (preserved in surface sediments), is an indication that during the Holocene, the Lagoa do Peixe, behaved like a lagoon system, whose morphosedimentar, geomorphological, hydrodynamic and ecological characteristics were totally dissimilar from actual conditions representing semi-enclosed coastal lagoon which had restricted connection with the oceano through an inlet.

O presente trabalho descreve as assembléias de diatomáceas, presentes em um perfil sedimentar na Lagoa do Peixe, Litoral Médio do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de efetuar a reconstrução paleoambiental e identificar os períodos de maior influência marinha e hidrodinâmica, como conseqüências das variações do nível do mar ocorridas durante o Holoceno. O testemunho de sondagem T09 foi selecionado para estudo, devido à boa recuperação e à presença de um espesso pacote de lama próximo à base. Os resultados da análise de diatomáceas revelaram a presença de 114 táxons, constituintes das assembléias fósseis, dominadas pelo complexo de Paralia (Paralia fenestrata, P.sulcata e Paralia sp.), associados à táxons marinhos, entre eles: Auliscus caelatus e Triceratium favus; e os táxons marinhos salobros: Cyclotella striata, Dimeregramma marinum, D. minor var. minor e Psamococconeis disculoides, entre outros. Os resultados da distribuição, tafonomia e paleoecologia do complexo de Paralia e das assembléias presentes ao longo do perfil, forneceram maior detalhamento evolutivo do sistema lagunar associadas à ocorrência de três oscilações de alta freqüência do nível do mar na PCRS, interligadas à períodos de maior influência hidrodinâmica, comprovando que a morfologia lagunar sofreu intensas modificações ao longo do tempo. Entre as idades de 7420-7020 e 5370-5340 anos AP, ocorreram duas oscilações de alta freqüência, que atingiram o sistema lagunar, afetando diretamente as assembléias presentes. Entre as idades de 5370-5340- 2340-2060 anos AP, ocorreu uma terceira oscilação de alta freqüência, concordando com o máximo transgressivo registrado para a região sul do Brasil. A distinta composição observada entre as assembléias fósseis e atuais (preservadas em sedimentos superficiais) é um indicativo de que durante o Holoceno, a Lagoa do Peixe comportou-se como um sistema lagunar, apresentando características morfosedimentares, geomorfológicas, hidrodinâmicas e ecológicas, totalmente diferente das condições atuais, onde assume configurações de lagoa costeira semi-fechada, de ligação restrita com o oceano por meio de um canal de ligação. / This paper describes the diatom assemblages present in a sediment profile in the Lagoa do Peixe, Middle Littoral of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to make the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and identify periods of increased marine influence and hydrodynamics, as a consequence of changes sea level occurred during the Holocene. The drill core T09 was selected for study due to good recovery and the presence of a thick pack of mud near the base. The results of diatom analysis revealed the presence of 114 taxa, constituents of fossil assemblages, dominated by complex Paralia (Paralia fenestrata, P.sulcata and Paralia sp.), associated with marine taxa: Auliscus caelatus and Triceratium favus, brackish and marine taxa: Cyclotella striata, Dimeregramma marinum, D. minor var.minor and Psamococconeis disculoides, among others. The results of the distribution, taphonomy and paleoecology of Paralia complex assemblages, present along the profile, provided a more detailed evolution of the lagoon system associated with the occurrence of three high-frequency oscillations in sea level in the PCRS, linked to periods of greater influence hydrodynamics, proving that the lagoon morphology underwent enormous changes over time. Between the ages of 7420- 7020 and 5370-5340 years BP, there were two high frequency oscillations, which reached the lagoon system, directly affecting the assemblages present. Between the ages of 5370-5340- 2340-2060 years BP, there was a third high frequency oscillation, in agreement with the transgressive maximum recorded for the southern region of Brazil. The difference in composition observed between the modern and fossil assemblages (preserved in surface sediments), is an indication that during the Holocene, the Lagoa do Peixe, behaved like a lagoon system, whose morphosedimentar, geomorphological, hydrodynamic and ecological characteristics were totally dissimilar from actual conditions representing semi-enclosed coastal lagoon which had restricted connection with the oceano through an inlet.

Challenging experiences abound in everyday life. Research on relational transgressions predominately favors investigating the nature and outcomes of the experience and how the victim and transgressor respond following the experience. However, individuals are embedded within social networks that provide perceived and enacted support during relational challenges. Research on supportive communication documents the social support process within various contexts by highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of seeking and providing particular kinds of supportive messages. It is likely that social network members play an influential role in an individual's coping process following an experience of feeling wronged by something someone said or did. Literature on coping processes describes coping occurring on levels from individual to communal. If social network members feel wronged or hurt by what happened to the transgressed individual, then coping might occur at the network level. Little research to date has investigated the communicative coping processes within social networks following relational transgressions experiences. In the present study I argue that conversations about coping with relational transgressions influence transgressed individuals' and social network members' perceived stress, feelings about the transgression, forgiveness, and perceived ownership and responsibility of the transgression. Fifty pairs of transgressed individuals and their social network members came to a communication research laboratory and completed a pre-interaction questionnaire, talked with each other about the transgression experience, and completed a post-interaction questionnaire. Participants and third-party observers evaluated the quantity and quality of supportive behaviors during the interaction. Results suggest that participants' perceptions of stress, negative emotions, and motivations for avoidance and revenge related to the transgression experience decreased from pre to post-interaction. Although many of my predictions about the associations between the amount of types of support and quality of support were not supported, results revealed several insightful findings. The amount of emotion support had a negative indirect effect on primary participants' perceptions of stress related to the transgression because of quality of support. I discuss the theoretical and research implication for this and other findings. The communicative coping processes within social networks following relational transgression experiences work in complex and layered ways to influence individual and relational well-being. The present study opens avenues for extending research on communicative coping and repair processes following challenging life experiences.

When measuring social validity, many researchers rely exclusively on subjective measures, such as questionnaires or surveys; however, these measures may fail to capture the variables that control later intervention adoption by stakeholders, and objective measures may capture these variables more accurately. Moreover, few researchers have investigated the adoptability of differential reinforcement (DR) interventions to increase children’s honesty about transgressions. We taught caregivers to implement the DR procedures reported in Lehardy et al. (2023) and measured the acceptability and adoptability of procedures using three measures: (1) a social validity questionnaire and rating scale immediately following training, (2) a concurrent-chains preference assessment with the researcher, and (3) an at-home follow-up questionnaire approximately one week after training. Caregiver preferences for procedures varied, but all caregivers reported preferring DR procedures to increase honesty over an NCR procedure. Correspondence between each participant’s three social validity outcomes also varied, but only fully aligned for one participant. Our findings indicate a need for additional research into correspondence between subjective and objective social validity measures to determine whether subjective measures can accurately predict later intervention adoption.

Punishing of administrative transgressions and the system of penalty points under the Highway Traffic Act Abstract The content of the diploma thesis focuses on matter of the system of penalty points and selected issues regarding punishing of administrative transgressions. The paper is composed of five parts. Chapter One introduces Czechoslovak historical predecessors of the system of penalty points and examines the development of its current legal regulation in the Highway Traffic Act. The second part deals with fundamental principles of the system of penalty points and particularly assesses the function of prevention principle. The following chapter analyzes the actual legal regulation of the system of penalty points. The author warns against relating insufficiencies and recommends the appropriate solution. The goal of the Chapter Four is based on survey of the fact, whether the system of penalty points represents the sanction by its nature. The author critically researches the proportionality of the system of penalty points and its accordance with the Czech constitutional order. This chapter also concerns with judicial decisions of Czech courts and the European Court of Human Rights referring to the character of the system of penalty points. The last chapter evaluates the proportionality and compliance...

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender o papel das relações de gênero e da sexualidade na edificação concreta e simbólica do cotidiano da escola para indagar pelas complexas tramas de significados e normas culturalmente disponíveis na definição das identidades e nos modos como as feminilidades homossexuais são vividas, produzidas, mantidas e reproduzidas por garotas, entre 16 e 17 anos, que se consideram lésbicas, homossexuais ou bissexuais, em uma escola pública estadual de ensino médio na cidade de São Paulo.Tratase de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, que examinou os modos pelos quais as garotas elaboram suas experiências, como vivenciam as interações, a sociabilidade e constroem suas identidades no ambiente escolar. Na investigação empírica realizada na instituição escolar, diversos métodos foram utilizados para coleta de dados: observações, questionários, entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas e grupos de discussão. Para entender a escola como espaço sócio-cultural na produção de identidades sexuais e de gênero, bem como a validação de determinadas formas de viver as masculinidades, feminilidades e a sexualidade, além dos conceitos de gênero e sexualidade, foram fundamentais as reflexões teóricas sobre os processos identitários e de socialização, experiência e estigma. Espaço e tempo foram considerados elos de um mesmo fluxo de formação, relação e aprendizagens. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os usos do espaço e do tempo na escola definem estratégias de condutas e organizam socializações, determinam o aceitável e o impróprio. Nesse processo, foi possível notar tensões, táticas e astúcias que oportunizavam o questionamento da heteronormatividade na escola, mas a escola e as relações escolares nela presentes evidenciavam arranjos sutis para o exercício do controle, da vigilância e da garantia de um cotidiano quase inteiramente heterossexual. Esta discriminação das feminilidades homossexuais ocorre mediante uma coação peremptória visando ocultação, silenciamento e dissimulação das formas de viver a sexualidade não-heterossexual, bloqueando e impedindo vínculos de amor e afeto entre as garotas. Em seus processos de socialização da sexualidade a estigmatização ocorre de forma velada e ambígua interpelando-as para uma experiência discreta, separada, legitimando a transformação de diferenças em desigualdades. / This study aims to comprehend the role of gender and sexuality relations on the concrete and symbolical conception of the scholar quotidian, to inquire, by the complex treads of meanings and cultural available rules about the definition of identities and about the ways in which the homosexual femininities are lived, produced, kept and reproduced by girls in their 16s or 17s, who considerate themselves lesbians, homosexuals or bisexuals, in a public high school in the state of São Paulo. It is a research with an exploratory background, with a qualitative nature, which examined the ways that the girls elaborate their experiences, how they live the interactions, the sociability and build their identities on the scholar environment. On the empiric investigation accomplished on the scholar institution, a number of methods were used to gather the data: observations, questionnaires, individual and semi-structured interviews, and, also, discussion groups. To the understanding of school as a sociocultural space that produces sexual and gender identities, and to the understanding of the validation of some specific ways to experience the masculinities, femininities and the sexuality, besides the concepts of gender and sexuality, the theoretical reflections about the identificatory and socialization processes and about experience and stigma were mandatory. Space and time were considered links of a same flux of formation, relation and learning. The obtained results show that the usage of space and time in school defines strategies of procedures and organizes socializations, determines what is acceptable and what is not proper. In this process, it was possible to notice tensions, tactics and guiles which made possible the questioning of the heteronormativity in school, but the school and its relations clearly showed subtle arrangements to the controlling and surveillance of the questioning and to the guarantee of a quotidian which can be considered almost heterosexual. This discrimination of the homosexual femininities occurs through an assertive coercion, which tries to hide, mute and dissimulate the ways there is to live a non-heterosexual sexuality, blocking and stopping bonds of love and affection between the girls. In its processes of sexuality socialization, the stigmatization occurs in a hidden and ambiguous way, dragging them to a experience which becomes discreet, separated, legitimating the transformation of differences into inequalities.

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender o papel das relações de gênero e da sexualidade na edificação concreta e simbólica do cotidiano da escola para indagar pelas complexas tramas de significados e normas culturalmente disponíveis na definição das identidades e nos modos como as feminilidades homossexuais são vividas, produzidas, mantidas e reproduzidas por garotas, entre 16 e 17 anos, que se consideram lésbicas, homossexuais ou bissexuais, em uma escola pública estadual de ensino médio na cidade de São Paulo.Tratase de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, que examinou os modos pelos quais as garotas elaboram suas experiências, como vivenciam as interações, a sociabilidade e constroem suas identidades no ambiente escolar. Na investigação empírica realizada na instituição escolar, diversos métodos foram utilizados para coleta de dados: observações, questionários, entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas e grupos de discussão. Para entender a escola como espaço sócio-cultural na produção de identidades sexuais e de gênero, bem como a validação de determinadas formas de viver as masculinidades, feminilidades e a sexualidade, além dos conceitos de gênero e sexualidade, foram fundamentais as reflexões teóricas sobre os processos identitários e de socialização, experiência e estigma. Espaço e tempo foram considerados elos de um mesmo fluxo de formação, relação e aprendizagens. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os usos do espaço e do tempo na escola definem estratégias de condutas e organizam socializações, determinam o aceitável e o impróprio. Nesse processo, foi possível notar tensões, táticas e astúcias que oportunizavam o questionamento da heteronormatividade na escola, mas a escola e as relações escolares nela presentes evidenciavam arranjos sutis para o exercício do controle, da vigilância e da garantia de um cotidiano quase inteiramente heterossexual. Esta discriminação das feminilidades homossexuais ocorre mediante uma coação peremptória visando ocultação, silenciamento e dissimulação das formas de viver a sexualidade não-heterossexual, bloqueando e impedindo vínculos de amor e afeto entre as garotas. Em seus processos de socialização da sexualidade a estigmatização ocorre de forma velada e ambígua interpelando-as para uma experiência discreta, separada, legitimando a transformação de diferenças em desigualdades. / This study aims to comprehend the role of gender and sexuality relations on the concrete and symbolical conception of the scholar quotidian, to inquire, by the complex treads of meanings and cultural available rules about the definition of identities and about the ways in which the homosexual femininities are lived, produced, kept and reproduced by girls in their 16s or 17s, who considerate themselves lesbians, homosexuals or bisexuals, in a public high school in the state of São Paulo. It is a research with an exploratory background, with a qualitative nature, which examined the ways that the girls elaborate their experiences, how they live the interactions, the sociability and build their identities on the scholar environment. On the empiric investigation accomplished on the scholar institution, a number of methods were used to gather the data: observations, questionnaires, individual and semi-structured interviews, and, also, discussion groups. To the understanding of school as a sociocultural space that produces sexual and gender identities, and to the understanding of the validation of some specific ways to experience the masculinities, femininities and the sexuality, besides the concepts of gender and sexuality, the theoretical reflections about the identificatory and socialization processes and about experience and stigma were mandatory. Space and time were considered links of a same flux of formation, relation and learning. The obtained results show that the usage of space and time in school defines strategies of procedures and organizes socializations, determines what is acceptable and what is not proper. In this process, it was possible to notice tensions, tactics and guiles which made possible the questioning of the heteronormativity in school, but the school and its relations clearly showed subtle arrangements to the controlling and surveillance of the questioning and to the guarantee of a quotidian which can be considered almost heterosexual. This discrimination of the homosexual femininities occurs through an assertive coercion, which tries to hide, mute and dissimulate the ways there is to live a non-heterosexual sexuality, blocking and stopping bonds of love and affection between the girls. In its processes of sexuality socialization, the stigmatization occurs in a hidden and ambiguous way, dragging them to a experience which becomes discreet, separated, legitimating the transformation of differences into inequalities.

The purpose of this thesis is to use a real-world brand transgression example to extend the research and increase the knowledge around why people continue to consume brands they know have been involved in unethical organizational behavior. The research was of qualitative nature, and made use of semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Nine (9) consumers of the Swedish bank Swedbank, who was involved in a money laundering scandal, were interviewed around their justifications to sticking with the brand. The findings revealed seven (7) justifications to staying. Some of which could be linked to previous research, and some who by the authors’ were argued to be industry-specific. The thesis have implications for theory development, for managers, and for the society as a whole.