Cette thèse propose la reformulation et l'implantation d'une méthode simplifiée de prévision de la transition laminaire-turbulent naturelle, la méthode des paraboles. Elle s'appuie sur une base de donnée pour fournir une expression analytique des taux d'amplification de perturbations modales de la couche limite. Ces perturbations prennent naissance dans la couche limite à travers un mécanisme de réceptivité, puis connaissent une croissance linéaire suivie d'interactions non-linéaires qui conduisent à la transition vers la turbulence.La méthode du facteur-N permet la prévision de la position de transition en supposant qu'elle a lieu quand l'amplification linéaire totale d'un mode des perturbations a atteint une amplitude critique.L'amplification totale est obtenue en intégrant les taux d'amplifications des perturbations le long de la ligne de courant extérieure à la couche limite.Cette formulation intégrale n'est pas adaptée aux codes RANS et ces travaux proposent une reformulation de la méthode du facteur-N sous forme d'équation de transport, dont le terme source dépend du taux d'amplification des perturbations donné par la méthode des paraboles.Le modèle qui en résulte (N-sigma-P ou NSP) permet de déterminer si un point donné est en amont ou en aval du point de transition et ainsi de prévoir la position de transition, pour des configurations où la transition est déclenchée par des modes longitudinaux (ondes de Tollmien-Schlichting) ou transverses (crossflow). / A simplified laminar-turbulent transition prediction method (the so-called parabolas method) is recast into a RANS compatible formulation.The parabolas method is a database approach that gives an estimation of the growth rates of modal perturbations growing in the boundary layer.These perturbations rise through a process called receptivity and undergo a linear modal growth, followed by non-linear interactions that lead to a breakdown to transition. The N-factor (or e-to-N) method predicts the transition location under the assumption that transition occurs when the total linear growth of a mode reaches a prescribed threshold. This total growth is obtained via an integration of a mode's growth rate along the boundary-layer edge streamline. This classical integral formulation is not suitable in a RANS context and is therefore recast into a set of transport equations whose source terms depend on the growth rates given by the parabolas method.The resulting model (N-sigma-P or NSP) predicts if a given point in the flow field is up- or downstream of the transition location. It has been validated for cases where transition was triggered by longitudinal (Tollmien-Schlichting) and crossflow modes.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Bakgrund: När livet på grund av sjukdom börjar närma sig slutet och döden är nära, kan patienten befinna sig i en situation då ett besked ges att botande behandling kommer avslutas. Den fortsatta vården kommer istället riktas mot symtomlindring och att få en värdig sista tid i livet. Övergången från vardagen till palliativ vård kan ses som en hälso- och sjukvårdsrelaterad transition som påverkar patientens livsvärld. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelse av övergången från vardagen till palliativ vård. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där induktiv design användes. Tio artiklar med kvalitativ analys inkluderades. Med hjälp av Fribergs femstegsmodell har artiklarna granskats, bearbetats och analyserats. Resultat: I resultatet framkommer att patienter i övergången från vardagen till palliativ vård upplever känslor av ovisshet och förlust. Stöd i övergången påverkar patienters upplevelser av hopp och värdighet. Resultatet visar också att introduktion till palliativ vård tidigt i sjukdomsförloppet påverkar känslan av trygghet och värdighet. Resultatet presenteras i fem teman, Ovisshet, Förlust, Hopp, Stöd samt Värdighet. Slutsats: Patienter upplever osäkerhet och ovisshet i övergången från vardagen till palliativ vård. Tidig introduktion till palliativ vård och därmed stöd från sjuksköterskan och närstående i transitionen skapar trygghet och värdighet. / Background: When life due to illness is approaching the end and death is near, often the patient is informed that curative treatment must be discontinued and that care instead focus on symptom relief and to get a worthy last time in life. The transition from everyday life to palliative care can be seen as a health-related transition that affects the patient's life-world.Purpose: To describe patients' experience of the transition from everyday life to palliative care. Method: A literature overview with inductive design has been conducted. Ten articles with qualitative analysis were included. With the help of Friberg's five-step model, the articles have been reviewed, processed and analyzed. Result: The result shows that patients in the transition from everyday life to the palliative care experience feelings of uncertainty and loss. Support in the transition affect patients' experiences of hope and dignity. The result also shows that early introduction to palliative care affects the sense of safety and dignity. The results presented in five themes, Uncertainty, Loss, Hope, Support and Dignity. Conclusion: Patients experiencing insecurity and uncertainty in the transition from everyday life to palliative care. Early introduction to palliative care with support from nurses and relatives in the transition creates security and dignity.

This qualitative research study explores the experience of graduating social workers making the transition from university training into work as qualified social work practitioners. Most studies in this area look at the practice readiness of the newly qualified professional. This study looks at the participants’ experience in the work place. How do participants experience this journey of transition? What skills, particularly reflective practice and supervision, learned in training, are important to them? Eight graduates were interviewed three times as they began to practice, after six months and at the end of year one. Four people worked in children’s services, four in adult services. The methodology adopted for this research was Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). These findings suggest there is a process of transition that has three strands, phased development, a professional strand and a psychological /emotional strand. These strands are unique and taken together give a holistic view of an individual’s journey of transition. Across the eight participants there were commonalities and divergences between transition experiences. However a model of transition did emerge which may be applicable to other professional spheres. Reflective practice and supervision appear to be key elements of a newly qualified social workers practice. All participants received supervision; for the majority supervision was focused on case discussions and the social workers decision making: Little place was given to reflection on practice this was seen as an activity that worker’s carried out on their own in their car following a home visit, or on the way home at the end of the working day. There was no clear model of reflective practice used. A further finding concerns the methodology IPA, particularly this researcher’s experience of bracketing and research journaling as part of the research process.

Les Samburu, une communauté pastorale traditionnelle, connaissent une transformation démographique qui s'accélére vers la fin du XXème siècle : les changements s'insèrent alors dans une modernité ambiante caractérisée par des changements dans l'éducation, la santé, l'urbanisation et par une politique publique en pleine évolution (décentralisation) à un moment où les systèmes économiques pastoraux sont fragilisés, évoluent en fonction des changements climatiques, de l'intrusion du marché, des situations géopolitiques entre autres. Les travaux visent à comprendre la et les dynamiques démographiques et l'évolution démographique dans une région considérée comme marginale, éloignée, vaste et largement dépendante des variations climatiques. Cette étude s'interroge sur la dynamique démographique de 1984 à 2018 et sur l'évolution de la situation démographique au cours du XXème siècle, elle identifie et interroge les choix traditionnels de reproduction, les examine par rapport à la modernité, des changements qui affectent tous directement la société. L'étude a été entreprise dans un contexte où les données démographiques, en particulier pour la période précoloniale et coloniale, sont inadéquates en raison de la faible fiabilité des données administratives, fiscales. En raison du manque de données démographiques quantitatives précoloniales et coloniales, l'étude a recouru à une reconstitution ethnographique et anthropologique pour la période précoloniale et coloniale, tandis qu'elle s'est appuyé sur les rapports, les recensements et les enquêtes démographiques sur les ménages pour la période post- indépendance et plus particulièrement au lendemain de la crise de 1984. / The Samburu, an otherwise traditional pastoral community are undergoing demographic transformation: the changes are propelled through modernity typified by education, health provision, urbanization, and an evolving public policy. The work is undertaken at a time when pastoral systems in the world are undergoing tremendous changes. The transformation is epitomized through climate change, intrusive capitalist economies, regional geopolitical contestations and a consumptive global population among others. The work answered set of questions that are important to our understanding of demographic dynamics and population changes over time in a region that is considered remote, vast and majorly dependent on climatically sensitive system. Thus, it sought to understand the Samburu through answering five objectives: as an investigation of the traditional demographic dynamics and regulation prior to 1984; interrogate demographic dynamics in Samburu from 1984 to 2018; investigate how modernization processes may have influenced Samburu 1984 to 2018; analyse population growth among Samburu and howit affects relationship with other communities in the region, and finally to examine continuity and change in demographic situation within the two time frames. Further, the work identifies and interrogates the traditional reproduction choices, examining them in relation to modernization disseminated through education, health, urbanization, and public policy. The study was undertaken in a context where population data particularly for the pre- colonial and colonial period is inadequate. As a result of the dearth in quantitative data, ethnographie descriptions were employed for the pre­ colonial and colonial period, while census reports and demographic household surveys for the post- independence period, more particularly in the aftermath of 1984 crisis.

This thesis aims to understand the multi-layered experiences of children with English as an additional language (EAL) in changing contexts by focusing on academic and social experiences in their transition from primary to secondary school. Although EAL is often linked with knowledge and proficiency in the English language as a means to access learning, this study builds on the complexity underlying the term that incorporates background, culture, agency and power in the ways children navigate their schooling. This is achieved through in-depth longitudinal accounts of children’s experiences and engagement co-constructed with participants and triangulated through interactive qualitative methods. The main focus is the active role of children in finding and embracing opportunities for social and academic engagement as part of their educational trajectories, identifying their agency in processes of change in the contrast between formal academic contexts and informal research discussions. In order to learn more about young people’s academic and social experiences, the study is theoretically informed by two perspectives. The first perspective is Bourdieu’s field analysis and the concepts of habitus, dispositions and agency. The analysis emphasises how and where children use their agency to engage with and manage expectations and options highlighted by institutional discourses and teachers. Looking at children’s engagement explicitly, the research highlights overlooked agency of children too easily categorised as EAL or ‘vulnerable’. The second analytical perspective explores engagement and trajectories in a classroom context and draws on Bernstein’s constructs of classification and framing with the aim to explain how children engage and reflect on their experiences across differently structured classroom contexts. Drawing on theoretical constructs and research in the area of EAL and diversity more widely, I present six case studies of experiences and show that in the case of children with EAL invisible agency, misinterpreted engagement and negotiating positioning both socially and academically are more complex than the notion of learning English to access learning. I argue that in the light of gaps in teachers’ understandings of children’s experiences, practical adjustments to classroom processes and communication could provide better understanding of the wider scope of EAL and schooling experiences.

Lo, Kwok Cheung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-118). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis / Assessment Committee --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theoretical Background --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion and Concluding Remarks --- p.85 / LIST OF TABLES / Table / Table la Electronic energies and geometrical parameters of scandium dicarbide by B3LYP/LANL2DZ and B3LYP/LANL2DZ-d --- p.41 / Table lb Comparison of literature results with current computational results of cyclic scandium dicarbide at equilibrium state by B3LYP/LANL2DZ and B3LYP/LANL2DZ-d --- p.42 / Table lc Comparison of literature results with current computational results of linear scandium dicarbide at equilibrium state by B3LYP/LANL2DZ and B3LYP/LANL2DZ-d --- p.43 / Table 2a Electronic energies and geometrical parameters of titanium --- p.46

Cette thèse est consacrée pour analyser le droit de transition dans le cas de la Tunisie en évoquant la légitimité de la révolution et la légalité de la transition en Tunisie. Le contexte de la transition été expliqué pour mieux comprendre dans quelles circonstances elle s'est opérée et quelle incidence ce contexte va avoir sur l'ensemble du processus de transition. Il s’agira de mettre en avant, d'abord, l'originalité du processus de la transition constitutionnelle en Tunisie ensuite une étude de la nouvelle constitution. De même la recherche explique comment ont été conciliés les souhaits progressistes et le respect de l'identité tunisienne à travers la préservation d'un certain nombre de valeurs et principes de tendance conservatrice. Enfin, l'objet de la thèse se prolonge pour analyser de manière concrète, le passage de la transition constitutionnelle à la transition démocratique, à travers la mise en place plus ou moins effective des nouvelles institutions. Mais, il été nécessaire de montrer que si le processus de transition constitutionnelle semble achevé, sa mise en œuvre pratique rencontre un certain nombre de difficultés qu'il conviendrait de résoudre pour que la phase de transition démocratique puisse véritablement s'achever / This thesis is devoted to analyze the right of transition in the case of Tunisia by mentioning the legitimacy of the revolution and the legality of the transition in Tunisia. The context of the transition was explained to better understand the circumstances in which it occurred and how that context will affect the entire transition process. It will be a question of putting forward, first, the originality of the process of the constitutional transition in Tunisia then a study of the new Constitution. In the same way the research explains how the progressive wishes and the respect of the Tunisian identity were reconciled through the preservation of a certain number of values and principles of conservative tendency. Finally, the object of the thesis is prolonged to analyze of concretely, the transition from the constitutional transition to the democratic transition, through the more or less effective implementation of new institutions. However, it has been necessary to show that, while the process of constitutional transition seems to have been completed, its practical implementation encounters a number of difficulties that should be resolved in order for the democratic transition phase to truly end

Graduation date: 1993

A superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) can be used to make the most sensitive thermometer which operates in a very narrow temperature range. The thin film bi-layer fabrication details are discussed as well as application in condensed matter physics. These include: measurement of quasi-adiabatic latent heat of superconducting transition, cobalt thermometry and photon detection.