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Le professionnalisme de traducteurs “natifs” et “professionnels” judiciaires : une étude exploratoire et contrastive en France et en Espagne / Professionalism in “native” and “professional” legal translators and interpreters : an exploratory and comparative research in France and in Spain / El profesionalismo de traductores e intérpretes « nativos » y « profesionales » : estudio exploratorio y comparativo en Francia y en EspañaLomeña Galiano, Maria 19 October 2018 (has links)
Comment définir un professionnel de la traduction et de l’interprétation judiciaire ? Aujourd’hui le métier de traducteur et d’interprète judiciaire en France et en Espagne est en voie de professionnalisation. Les structures professionnelles – formation, associations, régulation de l’État – contribuent à cette transformation de même que les attitudes favorables à la professionnalisation des praticiens, autrement dit le professionnalisme. Nous avons constaté que les travaux en traductologie n’ont pas développé la notion de professionnalisme et ont accordé une place centrale à la formation, laissant souvent de côté les aspects attitudinaux. Par ailleurs, la formation se révèle comme un critère de différenciation des traducteurs et interprètes, distinguant ceux qui sont diplômés en traduction – qualifiés de « professionnels » – de ceux qui ont acquis des compétences en traduction par la pratique – qualifiés de « natifs » (« naturels » ou « non-professionnels »). Cette thèse interroge cette dernière distinction et propose un modèle pour l’étude du professionnalisme centré sur cinq dimensions : l’idéal de service, l’intérêt pour les associations professionnelles et pour la qualité-efficacité dans la réalisation des tâches, les souhaits d’amélioration des conditions de travail et enfin les références en principes éthiques. Par le recours à ce modèle, notre travail explore les différences de professionnalisme entre traducteurs et interprètes judiciaires « natifs » et « professionnels » travaillant en France et en Espagne à partir d’entretiens biographiques. Les résultats avancent que l’interaction entre les acteurs interviewés et les structures professionnelles autres que la formation, détermine la définition du professionnalisme et du professionnel de la traduction. / What defines a professional on the field of legal translation and court interpretation? Nowadays, France and Spain are in the process of professionalizing this field. Even now, professional structures like a formal education, organizations and state regulations are contributing to this transformation, as well as demonstrating a favorable attitude towards the professionalization from its practitioners. In other words, professionalism. We have noticed that translation studies do not have a notion of professionalism, but keep a central role in formal education, which in effect neglects its attitudinal aspects. Furthermore, a formal education becomes the differentiation between translators and interpreters, distinguishing those who are certified in translation (qualified as “professionals”) from those who have acquired their translation skills through practice (qualified as “natives”, “naturals” or “non-professionals”). This thesis draws into question the above differentiation and proposes a model that studies professionalism focused on five aspects: the ideals of service, the interest for professional associations and quality-efficiency in task completion, the desire to improve working conditions and finally the standards in ethical principles. Through the use of this model, we performed biographical interviews to explore the differences in professionalism between “natives” and “professional” legal translators and court interpreters who work in France and Spain. The results indicate that, the interaction between the interviewees and the professional structures, other than a formal education, determines the definition of professionalism and of a translation professional.
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Vzájemné postavení didaktiky překladu a translatologie / The Relationship of Translation Studies and Translation DidacticsMraček, David January 2015 (has links)
The present dissertation explores the relationship between Translation Studies and translation didactics at theoretical level and as reflected in the teaching practice at selected Czech educational institutions. The dissertation, theoretical-analytical in its orientation, first seeks to define its key terms, profession, didactics, education and training, Translation Studies and translation theory, conducting cross-linguistic comparisons and outlining the past and present thinking about these concepts. Two typologies of translator training are offered, one based on education objectives, the other differentiating between diverse teaching contexts. A special chapter introduces translation didactics as a dynamic component of Translation Studies, discussing current trends in education research and outlining the institutionalization of translator training. Our attempt at defining the content of, and relationship between, Translation Studies and translation theory, the central concepts of the present work, suggested terminological and conceptual disagreement. The following chapters discuss the strongly multidisciplinary nature of today's Translation Studies, and the manifold sources thereof, pointing out the risks this may create to the internal coherence and public image of the discipline. The core...
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High-level programming languages translator / High-level programming languages translatorTonchev, Ognyan, Salih, Mohammed January 2008 (has links)
This paper discusses a high level language translator. If we divide translators of programming languages in two types: those working for two specific languages and universal translators that can be used for translation between different programming languages, the solution that will be presented in this work can be classified as both, specific language oriented and an universal translator. For the purpose of the research it was limited to translate only from Java to C++, but it can easily be extended to translate between any other high level languages. For simplifying the process of translation the project uses an intermediate step. All programs in the input language are first compiled to an abstract XML language and then to the desired output language. That way it is not necessary to translate directly from one programming language to another which is a very tricky and difficult task and could make the solution difficult to be maintained and extended. Hence the translator can also be used to translate from any high level language to XML. That gives another advantage to our solution: an XML representation of a computer program is valuable information by itself. We describe the design and implementation of the solution, demonstrate how it works and also give information on how it can be extended to work for any other programming language. / This paper discusses a high level language translator. If we divide translators of programming languages in two types: those working for two specific languages and universal translators that can be used for translation between different programming languages, the solution that will be presented in this work can be classified as both, specific language oriented and an universal translator. For the purpose of the research it was limited to translate only from Java to C++, but it can easily be extended to translate between any other high level languages. For simplifying the process of translation the project uses an intermediate step. All programs in the input language are first compiled to an abstract XML language and then to the desired output language. That way it is not necessary to translate directly from one programming language to another which is a very tricky and difficult task and could make the solution difficult to be maintained and extended. Hence the translator can also be used to translate from any high level language to XML. That gives another advantage to our solution: an XML representation of a computer program is valuable information by itself. We describe the design and implementation of the solution, demonstrate how it works and also give information on how it can be extended to work for any other programming language.
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Estatus del traductor profesional en Lima según las percepciones de abogados usuarios de traducciones jurídicasGarcía Ruiz, Gabriela De Jesús, Olchauski Tejada, Nelly Angélica 04 April 2022 (has links)
En esta investigación, se pretende analizar el estatus del traductor profesional en Lima en el campo de la traducción jurídica. Se busca conocer cuál es este estatus, desde la perspectiva de abogados de Lima usuarios de traducciones no firmadas de carácter jurídico. Debido a que la investigación se basa en el paradigma socioconstructivista, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a abogados que pertenecen a estudios de abogados y a áreas legales de bancos de Lima. A partir de estas entrevistas, se analiza el perfil de las personas a las que estos abogados encargan traducciones jurídicas, así como los criterios que aplican para seleccionar a un traductor externo. Los resultados demuestran que el perfil de la persona a la que se le encarga una traducción jurídica incluye al traductor intruso y al traductor profesional. Asimismo, se obtuvo un acercamiento a los criterios aplicados por los abogados para seleccionar a un traductor externo. El traductor profesional es percibido, por estos abogados, como un agente útil para su flujo de trabajo, pero no imprescindible, y, por ello, de bajo estatus. / This research aims at analyzing the status of the professional translator in Lima who translates legal documents. Its purpose is to know this status from the perspective of Lima lawyers who require legal translations that do not need to be certified. Since the research is based on the social constructivist paradigm, semi-structured interviews were held with ten lawyers working in law firms and in legal areas of banks in Lima. Based on these interviews, the profile of the persons commissioned by these lawyers to do a legal translation, as well as the criteria applied by them to select an external translator, were analyzed. The results show that the profile of the person commissioned to do a legal translation includes the non-professional translator (intruder) and the professional translator. Likewise, an approach was made to the criteria adopted by the lawyers to select an external translator. The professional translator is perceived by these lawyers as an agent useful for their workflow, but not an essential one, and, therefore, as a low-status professional. / Trabajo de investigación
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Odborný překlad a organizovaná činnost překladatelů ve 2. polovině 20. století / Technical Translation and Organized Translating Activities in the Second Half of the 20th CenturyChmelařová, Eliška January 2014 (has links)
This thesis discusses the topic of the organized translation activities in the second half of the 20th century. It focuses especially on translators of technical texts. The purpose of the thesis is to provide the basic overview of organizations and institutions which operated in Czechoslovakia, and to which the translation activities were concentrated. There is no similar systematic overview in the home professional literature yet. The research method of the oral history was realized via interviews with witnesses. Case studies, dealing in detail with one or another of the examined organizations or institutions, like International Federation of Translators, Translation Department of the Czechoslovakian Writer's Union, translation department in Škoda Auto a.s., International Organisation of Journalists, Prague City Tourism and World Federation of Trade Unions, resulted from the interviews. The information from the interviews was compared and general conclusions about the translating work in the second half of the 20th century were stated. KEY WORDS extern translator, institution, intern translator, technical translation, oral history, organization, organized activities, case study
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Visualization techniques in attack graphsVarikuti, Ashok Reddy January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / Xinming Ou / Attack graphs present a visual representation of all the potential vulnerabilities and attack paths in a network. They act as a vital security tool in finding the critical attack paths in the enterprise wide networks. Generated attack graphs for complex networks present thousands of attack paths to visualize and represent to the end user.
Enhancing the visualization of attack graphs by adding user interactivity will greatly improve in analyzing attack graphs and identifying the critical attack paths in the enterprise network. The layout of the attack graph can be adjusted to represent the layout of the real world enterprise network. Adding user interactivity to attack graphs is done using Prefuse, a software framework written in Java for information visualization. Prefuse is flexible and got the ability to render large amounts of data in an efficient manner.
The visualization framework for the attack graphs provides a GUI tool for interacting with attack graph. The framework is a layered architecture with two important layers, the static layer and the dynamic layer. The static layer translates the attack graph trace generated from MuLVAL into a standard graphviz dot language descriptive file. The dynamic layer translates the graphviz dot file into a graph object that can be interpreted and visualized using the prefuse software framework.
Preliminary result in this work has been published in [19].
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ONTOLOGY-DRIVEN TRANSLATOR GENERATOR FOR DATA DISPLAY CONFIGURATIONSFernandes, Ronald, Graul, Michael, Meric, Burak, Jones, Charles H. 10 1900 (has links)
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, California / This paper presents a new approach for the effective generation of translator scripts that can be used
to automate the translation of data display configurations from one vendor format to another. Our
approach uses the IDEF5 ontology description method to capture the ontology of each vendor format
and provides simple rules for performing mappings. In addition, the method includes the
specification of mappings between a language-specific ontology and its corresponding syntax
specification, that is, either an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Schema or Document Type
Description (DTD). Finally, we provide an algorithm for automatically generating eXtensible
Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) scripts that transform XML documents from one
language to another. The method is implemented in a graphical tool called the Data Display
Translator Generator (DDTG) that supports both inter-language (ontology-to-ontology) and intra-language
(syntax-to-ontology) mappings and generates the XSLT scripts. The tool renders the XML
Schema or DTD as trees, provides intuitive, user-friendly interfaces for performing the mappings,
and provides a report of completed mappings. It also generates data type conversion code when both
the source and target syntaxes are XML Schema-based. Our approach has the advantage of
performing language mappings at an abstract, ontology level, and facilitates the mapping of tool
ontologies to a common domain ontology (in our case, Data Display Markup Language or DDML),
thereby eliminating the O(n^2) mapping problem that involves a number of data formats in the same
domain.
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DEVELOPING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TRANSLATORS FOR DATA DISPLAY SYSTEMSFernandes, Ronald, Graul, Michael, Hamilton, John, Meric, Burak, Jones, Charles H. 10 1900 (has links)
ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The focus of this paper is to describe a unified methodology for developing both internal and external data display translators between an Instrumentation Support System (ISS) format and Data Display Markup Language (DDML), a neutral language for describing data displays. The methodology includes aspects common to both ISSs that have a well documented text-based save format and those that do not, as well as aspects that are unique to each type. We will also describe the means by which an external translator can be integrated into a translator framework. Finally, we will describe how an internal translator can be integrated directly into the ISS.
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Android application for USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) structural design softwareAddanki, Nikhita January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / Mitchell L. Neilsen / The computer industry has seen a growth in the development of mobile applications over the last few years. Tablet/Mobile applications are preferred over their desktop versions due to their increased accessibility and usability. Android is the most popular mobile OS in the world. It not only provides a world-class platform for creating several apps, but also consists of an open marketplace for distributing them to Android users everywhere. This openness has led to it being a favorite for consumers and developers alike, thereby leading to a strong growth in app consumption.
The main objective of the project is to design and develop an Android software application for USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) structural design that can be used on Android tablets. The different components of USDA that can be designed using this application are SingleCell, TwinCell, Cchan, Cbasin and Drpws3e.
The USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) structural design application was previously developed using FORTRAN. But FORTRAN is not supported by Android Tablets. So, F2J Translator software was used to convert the FORTRAN source files to java source files which are supported by Android. Also, many other formatters such as CommonIn, CommonOut, and SwapStreams were used to translate some common blocks of FORTRAN code that cannot be translated by F2J Translator.
The developed Android software allows users to access all different components of USDA structural design. Users can either directly enter the data in the forms provided or upload a file that already has data stored in it. When the application is run, the output can be accessed as a PDF file. Users can even send the output of a particular component to their personal email address. This output provided by the software application is helpful for design engineers to implement new structural designs.
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[en] RESPECT FOR THE ORIGINAL TEXT: AN ANALYSIS OF SELF-TRANSLATION BASED ON THE CASE OF THE BRAZILIAN WRITER JOÃO UBALDO RIBEIRO / [pt] O RESPEITO PELO ORIGINAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA AUTOTRADUÇÃO A PARTIR DO CASO DE JOÃO UBALDO RIBEIROMARIA ALICE ANTUNES 25 April 2007 (has links)
[pt] Esta tese se insere no âmbito dos estudos descritivos da
tradução e investiga
a autotradução a partir do caso do escritor brasileiro
João Ubaldo Ribeiro. Com
base em uma nova concepção do autor-modelo (Eco, 1979a;
1979b; 1994), este
estudo investiga se o exercício da autotradução pode ser
visto, no caso do escritor
brasileiro, como uma possibilidade de continuação, por
assim dizer, do processo
de escrita original. Para tal investigação, utiliza-se um
corpus constituído por: (i)
o artigo Suffering in translation, de autoria de João
Ubaldo; (ii) entrevistas
(publicadas ou não) e declarações diversas concedidas pelo
escritor; (iii) os textos
- original e tradução - produzidos por ele; (iv) resenhas
escritas por críticos norteamericanos
e publicadas nos Estados Unidos; e (v) livros escritos por
críticos
brasileiros sobre a obra do autor. Utiliza-se ainda
instrumentos de pesquisa
distintos: (i) a comparação entre original e tradução,
freqüentemente feita por
estudiosos da tradução; (ii) o modelo para análise de
traduções de Lambert e van
Gorp (1985); e (iii) a entrevista por e-mail (Mann &
Stewart, 2000). Além da
análise do corpus em si, este estudo apresenta um
histórico da autotradução e
relatos dos casos dos autotradutores Vladimir Nabokov,
Samuel Beckett, Milan
Kundera, escritores catalães e poetas escoceses. Esta
apresentação tem por
objetivo proporcionar o diálogo entre as diversas práticas
autotradutórias. / [en] The present work presents a study of self-translation
based on the case of the
Brazilian writer João Ubaldo Ribeiro. Using in the
revisited concept of model
author, this thesis seeks to analyse whether the practice
of self-translation can be
seen, in the case of the Brazilian writer, as the
continuation of the process of
original writing. The elaboration of the answer to this
question is based on the
analysis of the corpus, which consists of: (i) the article
Suffering in translation,
by João Ubaldo Ribeiro; (ii) published and unpublished
interviews given by the
author; (iii) original and self-translated texts produced
by João Ubaldo; (iv)
reviews written by North American critics and published in
the USA; and (v)
books written by professional readers about João Ubaldo´s
works. Also, the
investigation uses different research instruments: (i) the
comparative analysis
between original and self-translated texts; (ii) Lambert
and van Gorp´s model for
the analysis of translated literature; and (iii) e-mail
interview. Besides the analysis
of the corpus, this study presents a brief historical
account of self-translation and
general critical reports of self-translators´ - Vladimir
Nabokov, Samuel Beckett,
Milan Kundera, Catalan writers and Scottish poets - works.
Rather than provide
readers with a detailed critical analysis of these
writers´ texts, these reports seek to
make the dialogue between distinct self-translation
practices possible.
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