<p>This thesis puts focus on the points where organisations perceive, translate and implement a new organisational idea, and the implementation and translation of one specific efficiency method is studied. We have looked at how a group of small manufacturing companies have implemented an efficiency method (Efficient production/Lean Production) and how they have translated it to fit their own organisation.</p><p>The authors were interested in finding out both about the challenges and the positive outcomes of implementing an efficiency method in a company. While getting to know more about the subject, the translator’s (the person responsible of implementing the method into the own organisation) role and importance to the implementation became more interesting. In cooperation with a Host Company (HC), a decision was made to study a group of small manufacturing companies who had all participated in one of HC’s programs, Lean School for Small Companies.</p><p>To be able to make generalisations from the results, a multiple-case study was carried out. To fulfil our purpose and gain a somewhat objective understanding of the processes of implementation we decided that it was necessary to interview two people from each company, one that had attended the Lean School and one who did not, but was directly affected by the efficiency method in daily work. The empirical findings were analysed in the light of the theoretical ideas we found about implementation of efficiency methods and translation of organisational ideas.</p><p>The results of the study were in many aspects consistant with the theories found on the subject. The processes of an implementation is complex and are affected by the factors commitment of leaders, problems or obstacles, the translators role and ability to manage the translation process and, furthermore, by knowledge input.</p>

This diploma thesis deals with the Italian terminology of the Justice System. The work is divided into two parts. In the first part, the author focuses on the description of the special language, methods of his research, translational methods and problems of the translator. It describes also the Czech and Italian system of justice and defines the semantic field of the terminology of the Justice System that she will work with. In the second part she works with a selected sample of keywords compiled by the created corpora. The sample is divided into a several groups according to the semantic classification. The aim of the thesis is to review the existing Czech translations, if need be propose her own translations and recommend the translation that should be registered in a bilingual dictionary. The Czech-Italian and Italia-Czech vocabulary and the semantic dictionary is the supplement of this thesis.

Este estudo se baseou em dados extraídos de um corpus paralelo composto por textos originais em inglês de artigos da Revista National Geographic, suas respectivas traduções publicadas em português na National Geographic Brasil, e os textos traduzidos antes da revisão para publicação. O objetivo foi cotejar os três textos a fim de identificar, na tradução, elementos que promovem a produção de um texto natural e fluente, que reflete o uso mais corrente na língua. Sua inserção no âmbito da lingüística de corpus se deu por essa permitir um estudo lingüístico descritivo e não prescritivo da língua e por se voltar não só para as palavras, estruturas ou usos possíveis na língua mas também o que é provável que ocorra, isto é, a diferença entre o que os falantes podem dizer e o que na verdade dizem. Esse cotejo possibilitou o levantamento de aspectos lingüísticos que afetam a naturalidade e fluência do texto, como a fraseologia típica na língua de chegada, suas colocações naturais, suas próprias expressões fixas, que refletem um modo preferido de se expressar de cada comunidade lingüística. Esses aspectos estão intimamente relacionados à convencionalidade, que abrange aquilo que é consolidado pelo uso, constituindo muitas vezes fonte de dificuldade ao \"tradutor ingênuo\" que pode não perceber que dentre formas possíveis existe aquela mais provável de ocorrer. Dentre os elementos levantados, selecionou-se a tradução dos advérbios terminados em *ly em inglês, nem sempre traduzidos por advérbios terminados em *mente em português, procurando compreender essa opção dentro do âmbito da convencionalidade. Essas opções nem sempre são ilustradas em dicionários, constituindo a pesquisa baseada em corpora, tanto paralelos quanto monolíngües, um recurso valioso ao tradutor seja para mostrar estratégias empregadas por outros tradutores profissionais como para conscientizá-lo de um uso consagrado na língua. / This study was based on data collected from a parallel corpus composed of original texts in English of articles from National Geographic magazine, and their respective translations in Portuguese as published in National Geographic Brazil and the texts translated before their revision for publication. The aim was to compare the three texts in order to identify, in translation, elements that enable the production of a text which sounds natural and fluent, reflecting the current use by the speakers. Corpus Linguistics was chosen as an approach for the research since it allows a descriptive rather than a prescriptive study of the language and is typically concerned not only with what words, structures or uses are possible in a language, but also with what is probable, likely to occur, the difference between what the speakers can say and what they actually say. This comparison brought to light linguistic features which might affect naturalness and fluency of a text, as the typical phraseology in the target-language, its natural collocations and its own fixed expressions, which reflect a preferred way of a community of saying things. These aspects are closely related to conventionality, which encompasses that which is attested by the use, and represent precisely where the difficulties lie for the \"innocent translator\", who might not notice that among a range of possible forms there is one which is more likely to occur. Among the elements found, one was particularly investigated, namely, the translation of adverbs ending in *ly in English , not always translated by adverbs ending in *mente in Portuguese, with a view to understand this option within the idea of conventionality. These options are not frequently displayed in dictionaries, which makes corpus-based research , either using parallel corpora or monolingual corpora, an invaluable resource to translators, in eliciting strategies employed by other professional translators and in bringing awareness to an attested use in language.

O notável talento de Chico Buarque em lidar com as palavras, assim como sua participação nas traduções de suas obras literárias para o inglês, são o fio condutor desta pesquisa de doutorado, em que se investigaram as traduções de Estorvo, Benjamim e Budapeste. A Linguística de Corpus foi utilizada como base metodológica para investigação do corpus de estudo, composto pelas referidas obras originais e traduzidas. Utilizando-se o programa computacional WordSmith Tools, de Mike Scott, foi extraída do corpus de estudo, uma lista de palavras-chave que serviu como ponto de partida para uma análise qualitativa das traduções, focando o aspecto da recuperação da criatividade lexical do autor pelos tradutores. Os resultados desta análise levaram a crer que houve, por parte dos tradutores, Peter Bush, Clifford Landers e Alison Entrekin, um empenho significativo para recriar as supostas intenções semânticas e estilísticas do escritor. Tal conclusão foi corroborada por entrevistas que este pesquisador conduziu com o autor, com os três tradutores e com a editora Liz Calder. A Linguística de Corpus, por sua vez, mostrou-se eficaz não só como metodologia para exploração de um corpus literário, mas também como uma abordagem, na medida em que revelou aspectos das traduções que não se havia cogitado investigar. / Chico Buarques notable talent in dealing with words as well as his participation in the translations of his books into English are the core of this doctoral dissertation, which investigated the translations of Estorvo (Turbulence), Benjamim (Benjamin) and Budapeste (Budapest) into English. Corpus Linguistics was used as a methodological basis for investigating the study corpus, constituted by both original and translated works. With the computer program WordSmith Tools, developed by Mike Scott, a list of keywords was extracted from the corpus, which served as a starting point for a qualitative analysis of the translations. The focus was to investigate if the authors creativity was recovered by his translators. The results led to believe that the translators, Peter Bush, Clifford Landers and Alison Entrekin, made a significant effort to recreate Chico Buarques semantic and stylistic endeavors. This conclusion was corroborated by the oral interviews conducted by this researcher with the author, the three translators and the publisher Liz Calder. Corpus Linguistics, in turn, was effective not only as a methodology to explore a literary corpus, but also as an approach to the extent that it revealed aspects of the translations that were not previously considered worthy of invetigation.

Les écrivains-traducteurs sont des acteurs essentiels de la vie littéraire, leur oeuvre exemplifiant les interactions complexes qui gouvernent la création littéraire et les formations culturelles en général. S’intéresser à leur travail permet d’articuler l’étude approfondie des textes et l’examen des dynamiques qui nourrissent les échanges culturels.La présente thèse de doctorat interroge l’œuvre de deux poètes-traducteurs emblématiques du XXe siècle : les traductions de Shakespeare d’Yves Bonnefoy et de Paul Celan sont présentées et analysées dans leur rapport au travail poétique mené par ces deux auteurs. L’étude se base essentiellement sur un choix de traductions, mais elle prend en compte également d’autres textes qui permettent de comprendre la réception de Shakespeare des deux poètes.Tandis que Celan insiste sur la différence irréductible entre l’original et la traduction, la réception de Shakespeare d’Yves Bonnefoy consiste en un mouvement d’identification. En revanche,le travail des deux écrivains-traducteurs est caractérisé par sa forte dimension autoréflexive : traduire Shakespeare permet à Bonnefoy et à Celan de développer leurs projets poétiques et de se positionner dans leurs propres contextes historiques. Chez les deux poètes, la traduction de Shakespeare aboutit à une fusion de voix spécifique, qui intègre Shakespeare dans l’univers poétique de l’écrivain traducteur. / Author-translators are key actors of literary life, whose oeuvre exemplifies the complex interactions inherent in literary creation and in cultural formations in general. To concentrate on this figure makes it possible to combine close textual analysis with the investigation of the dynamics of cultural exchange.The present thesis studies the work of two emblematic 20th-century poet-translators: Yves Bonnefoy’sand Paul Celan’s Shakespeare translations are presented and analysed in their role for the poetics of both authors. The thesis draws essentially on close readings of a choice of translations, but it also takes into account other sources which help elucidate the Shakespeare reception of the two poets.While Celan insists on the irreducible difference between original and translation, Bonnefoy’s Shakespeare reception consists of a process of identification. For both poets, however, Shakespeare translation is essentially an auto-reflexive affair: through their confrontation with Shakespeare,Bonnefoy and Celan develop their poetic projects and position themselves in their own historical contexts. In both cases, therefore, Shakespeare translation results in a specific fusion of voices, which integrates Shakespeare into the author-translator’s own poetic universe.

This master's thesis describes process of design and development of a mobile system for travelling support. Application named TravelHelper is developed for Android operating system therefore is implemented in Java programing language. In thesis's text is described used platform and its primary construction blocks. Main function of application is a journeys' diary, which allows storing activities of a trips. Application also allows backing up and sharing journeys on a social networks. Other functions of the application are searching for interesting places nearby, manager of travel expenses, translator, currency converter, and a packing list.

The aim of this thesis is to give a picture as complete as possible of the sociological, material and economic conditions of the translation of a literary work. This thesis elaborates the characteristics of the profession of 'literary translator' in the Czech environment. It focuses on the role and position of a literary translator in the contemporary Czech book market and examines the economic context of this activity. The practical part includes a questionnaire survey and interviews with translators. The results of the questionnaire search are processed by means of a descriptive analysis and a correlation analysis. The interviews were used to create medallions illustrating the individual variations of the translator's profession of literary texts. Key words: literary translator, book market, royalties, publisher, translation, quantitative research, qualitative research, CEATL, Czech translator's association

This thesis deals with the Spanish author Antonio Muñoz Molina and with the Czech translator Vladimír Medek who has translated two novels of the writer: Plenilunio, in Czech as Za úplňku (Garamond, 2008) and El jinete polaco, in Czech as Polský jezdec (Leda, 2018). The thesis also focuses on revisions that a book editor Anežka Charvátová made in the second novel. The thesis is divided in two parts: a theoretical and a practical part. The first one is dedicated briefly to Antonio Muñoz Molina's life and to his work as a writer. The following chapter addresses the translator Vladimír Medek and his translations from Spanish literature. The last chapter of this section describes a book editor's work and his role within a publishing house. The practical part of this thesis deals just with the two novels mentioned above. The two books are characterized first according to Christiane Nord's model of text analysis and then concrete translation processes and solutions used by Vladimír Medek are shown on examples. In case of El jinete polaco a translation handwriting before and after editor's revisions is analysed and changes made in the preparative phase of the translation are traced. That is an aspect of a book editing that an ordinary reader does not come across normally. The translation handwriting was...

This thesis was aimed towards translated Japanese web novels to findout what kind of features they have and if the translated text kept thefeatures of the original novel. Simultaneously, the translationtechniques utilized in the translated novel were also examined. To findout the answer, two case studies were conducted and the web novelswere chosen at random with some parameters set. An interview wasconducted with translators of web novels to help reinforce or clear updoubts surrounding the results of the case study. The thesis also brieflydescribes the overall industry surrounding web novels. The randomlychosen translated novels did have most of the features of the original.Though some aspects were lost in translation. The translationtechniques utilised were also overwhelmingly literal translation. Whythat is has several possible answers among which the languageproficiency of the translator or no formal training in translation.

The term equivalence comes from the Latin word "aequivalentia" and means equivalence. "Aequus" stands for equal and "valere" for worth. So two objects are equivalent if they have the same value. Equivalence plays an important role in translation science. "Translation science deals with the process of translation, i.e. the process that leads from a written source language text (ST text) to a written target language text (TL text), the translation Therefore, a TL (target language) text must be equivalent to the original ST (source language) text. However, a perfect equivalent transmission of the message in the target language is not always so easy to achieve, because languages differ at different levels. The languages reflect your own culture, way of seeing, expression, grammar and syntax. When you try to adapt these elements to a new language, it often happens that the equivalence is not achieved due to this heterogeneity and diversity. If you don't achieve them, it is not a translation but a text reproduction or text production that is not the same is worth to the original text. That is why the search for real equivalence has occupied various translators and scientists for years. They have defined various equivalence criteria that can be helpful for an accurate translation. For all these reasons, it is essential to achieve the correct equivalence when translating. This thesis researches the concept of equivalence in order to better understand it and then use it in practice, namely when translating.