This work is focused on the role of translators and interpreters in the first contact of the Spanish conquerors and the indigenous people of Latin America, and their influence in the conquest. Although they are often unheeded, translators and interpreters played a fundamental role while conquering the newly discovered continent. Meeting new cultures with completely different languages and ways of thinking was a great challenge for the conquerors, that's why we cannot forget about the translators' role during this era. This work is focused on the Inca culture in Peru and their first contact with the Spanish conquerors lead by Francisco Pizarro. Apart from that, other parts of the conquest are discussed, such as Columbus' very first contact with the indigenous peoples or Hernan Cortes' conquest of Mexico.

The Master's thesis provides an analytic overview of translated dramatic texts from French to Czech after 1989. It focuses on the proportional representation of contemporary plays as well as on translators' work. The first part of the thesis gives a brief idea of contemporary French dramatic art and points out different expectations of French theatre spectators and readers in comparaison with the Czech ones. Subsequently, the specificity of drama translation and the role of translator in drama translation process is clarified according to existing theories. The main part focuses on analysis of list of the Czech translations created between 1990 and 2015 that are available to the public. As expected, drama publishing shows marginal and decreasing tendency and the majority of published authors are represented by classics. In general, contemporary texts prevail among theatre agency translations, most of which are represented by comedy plays. However individual efforts and projects help to broaden the image of French contemporary drama. Individual interviews with translators and publishers enrich the analysis with experience from professional practice. Key words: contemporary French drama, drama translation, dramatic text, role of translator, sociology of translation, translation production, drama...

The diploma thesis entitled the Interpreting Act focuses on the legislation on court translation and interpreting in the Czech Republic. The paper aims to compare the new statutes under the Court Translators and Interpreters Act (No 354/2019 Coll.) with the current Experts and Interpreters Act (No 36/1967 Coll.). The first part of the thesis acquaints readers with the profession of court interpreters and translators. It renders the description of both professions by defining basic terms of the areas of translating and interpreting, explaining the types of translation and interpreting, and providing a list of professional organisations for court translators and interpreters in the Czech Republic. The second part of the paper deals with international and Czech legislation regarding the right for interpreting and translation, briefly outlining the progress of the legislation on court interpreting and translation and giving reasons for the adoption of the rules on the activity of court translators and interpreters. The third, key part of the paper presents the analysis of some parts of the Act No 354/2019 Coll. and their comparison to the Act No 36/1967 Coll. The areas of focus are: the subject of the legislation and definition of basic terms, work conditions and requirements that must be met to become...

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur identitetsproblematik i anknytning till exil eller diaspora skildras i modern irakisk litteratur, i detta fall Inaam Kachachis roman The American Granddaughter. Berättelsen i romanen utspelas under Irakkriget 2003-2006 där romanens huvudperson, som irakisk-amerikansk kvinna med dubbla identiteter, deltar som tolk i kriget. Den rådande krigssituationen ger upphov till en stark fientlighet nationaliteterna emellan trots att Irak och USA inte är varandras motståndare i kriget. Under den spänning som uppstår och den brutalitet som följer blir huvudpersonen och framför allt hennes identitet såsom irakisk- amerikansk satt i fråga, med resultatet att hon upplever sig alltmer kluven. Huvudpersonen kan sägas fungera som bärare av essensen av identitetskonflikten. Utifrån Jonas Stiers teoretiska utgångspunkter om identitet (Stier, 2019) utforskar jag hur protagonistens dubbla identitet är uppbyggd och hur den förändras under de omständigheter hon hamnar i, och med hjälp av Gérard Genettes narratologiska begrepp undersöker jag hur romanen presenterar identitetsproblematiken, dess orsaker och konsekvenser. / The purpose of this essay is to examine how conflicting identities associated with exile or diaspora is depicted in modern Iraqi literature, in this case in the novel The American Granddaughter by Inaam Kachachi. The story of the novel takes place during the Iraq War 2003-2006, and the protagonist is the holder of two identities as an Iraqi-American woman who is participating in the war as an interpreter. The situation of war results in a hostility between these nationalities even though the nations Iraq and the USA are not each other’s adversaries. This hostility brings about a sharp tension that causes brutality to escalate and this affects the protagonist as an Iraqi-American as her identity is being questioned and she experiences that her dual identity is becoming a problem. The protagonist serves as a vessel of the essence of the conflict of identities. Based on Jonas Stier’s theoretical concepts of identity (Stier, 2019) I will explore how the protagonist’s dual identity is constructed and the way this duality changes due to her experiences in the war and the circumstances she is being exposed to. By using Gérard Genette’s narratological concepts I will examine how the identity issue is presented in the novel, what is it caused by and what the consequences are.

The master thesis Television Reporter and Publicist Zdeněk Velíšek describes the personal life and professional activities of the Czech journalist, publicist, interpreter and translator Zdeněk Velíšek. The text is arranged chronologically according to individual time periods from his birth in 1933 and childhood, through his university studies, translation and interpreting work, to his work at Czech Television until 2019. In each chapter you can find a foreword describing political, social and historical context, followed by an outline of the development of television in Czechoslovakia. Both contexts influenced Velíšek's life. Detailed personal interviews with Zdeněk Velíšek, work with the archived materials from Czech Television and Czech Radio, as well as Velíšek's books of commentaries and translations were important sources for this thesis. The main focus is Velíšek's work at Czechoslovak (later Czech) Television since the 1990s, which describes his work as a reporter, commentator, presenter, dramaturge and author of documentaries. The television work is followed by a section about cooperation with Czech Radio. Equally important are the chapters about his work as a translator and interpreter in the last century, his professional translations from French in recent years and his awards. The text...

Tato dizertační práce představuje novou techniku laterární rezonanční vazby, která je využita v návrhu galvanicky izolovaného posouvače úrovně, který je následně implementován v 800 V půlmůstkovém kontroléru pro průmyslové aplikace. Ve srovnání s tradičními galvanickými izolátory jsou výrobní náklady tohoto řešení nižší. Pro aplikace vyžadující vyšší úroveň galvanické izolace je popsán následný vývoj galvanicky izolovaného posouvače úrovně, který využívá pouze jeden galvanicky oddělený posouvač úrovní pro komunikaci v obou směrech, což výrazně snižuje plochu struktury izolátoru. Jako součást následného návrhu je představen galvanický izolátor který je schopen přenášet analogovou hodnotu napětí. Analogový izolátor byl testován v reálné aplikaci síťového spínaného zdroje jako náhrada standardního optočlenu. Tato konstrukce umožňuje integraci primárních a sekundárních obvodů v jednom pouzdře, což umožní snížit složitost a cenu spínaného zdroje.

Esta investigación analiza las estrategias que los estudiantes de traducción de una universidad peruana emplean para regular sus emociones. Los resultados muestran los generadores de emociones más comunes: la recepción de calificaciones menores a aquellas esperadas, la falta de confianza en sus bagajes conceptuales y temáticos, aspectos de la metodología de la clase y la relación con docentes y compañeros. Los estudiantes inician con el uso de estrategias disfuncionales, como la rumiación y la autoculpa; sin embargo, llegan a usar estrategias funcionales para cumplir con los objetivos del curso, como la refocalización de los planes. / This research analyzes the strategies that translation students of a Peruvian university use to regulate their emotions. The results show the most common scenarios: getting lower grades than expected, the lack of confidence in their conceptual and thematic background, aspects of the course methodology, and their relationships with their professors and classmates. The students’ process starts with the use of maladaptive strategies, such as rumination and self-blame. However, students continue their process and then use adaptive strategies to fulfill their goals, such as refocusing on planning. / Tesis

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[pt] Esta pesquisa de doutorado apresenta descrições e reflexões a respeito da organização, gestão e aplicação de uma proposta didática de tradução de gêneros textuais/discursivos e textos especializados escritos de Português para em textos-vídeos Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Alinho-me às perspectivas teóricas, epistemológicas e analíticas das Teorias e Estudos da Tradução, Pedagogias da Tradução e Didáticas de Tradução. Os objetivos da pesquisa são: (i) investigar as referências teóricas dos Estudos da Tradução que tematizem sobre Pedagogias e Didáticas da Tradução; (ii) relatar a construção e aplicação de um curso de extensão para a formação de tradutores de Libras pela ótica pedagógica e didática da tradução; (iii) analisar e criticar as propostas pedagógicas e didáticas de produção de unidades temáticas (disciplinas) e unidades de tradução (tarefas de tradução, por objetivos de aprendizagens e competências tradutórias) construídas para o curso de extensão de tradução no INES; e (iv) apontar reflexões sobre a concepção pedagógica de curso de formação de tradutores, a produção de material didático e o desenvolvimento de aquisição de aprendizagem de tradução e competências tradutórias de alunos(as) surdos(as) e ouvintes. A metodologia desta pesquisa é qualitativa, com foco na pesquisa aplicada e etnografia do ensino da tradução. A pesquisa gerou dados no Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos/Ministério da Educação (INES/MEC), por meio de um curso de extensão para a formação de Tradutores-Intérpretes de Libras/Português (TILSP), em formato virtual (síncrono e assíncrono), no ano de 2022, com carga horária de 400 horas. Os dados apresentam etnografias de ensino de tradução, com descrições, análises e avaliações (professor-pesquisador e alunos ouvintes e surdos), além de reflexões teórico-práticas e pedagógico-didáticas dos Estudos da Tradução, a respeito da: (i) organização e gestão de um curso de tradução de textos escritos em português para textos-vídeos em Libras; (ii) elaboração de 12 ementas disciplinares e 58 planos de aulas (contendo conteúdo, objetivos, estratégias, recursos, avaliação e referências); (iii) aplicação de 12 unidades temáticas (disciplinas), sendo distribuídas em 05 módulos, com 58 aulas síncrono-remotas; (iv) aplicação de 70 unidades didáticas, com sequências de tarefas (conversação, linguística, terminológicas, teóricas e tradução) para a aprendizagem de tradução de textos-vídeos em Libras, além de autoavaliações dos alunos sobre seu desempenho, o curso e os materiais didáticos; (v) complementação de ensino de tradução, com 77 atividades assíncronas como forma de atividades pedagógicas de aprendizagens; (vi) reuniões de mentorias educacionais individuais e em grupos; (vii) interações em Libras, em sala de aula, com professor regente, professores surdos(as) convidados(as), monitores(as) surdos(as) voluntários(as) e alunos(as) surdos(as)/ouvintes; (viii) defesas de projetos de tradução de textos-vídeos em Libras. A tese conclui propondo a incorporação de novas subcompetências tradutórias na Didática da Tradução de Textos-Vídeos Multimodais em Línguas de Sinais, tais como: subcompetência interacional; subcompetência translíngue; subcompetência semiótica; e subcompetência multimodal. / [en] This doctoral research presents reflections and descriptions about the organization, management and application of a didactic proposal for the translation of textual/discursive genres and specialized written texts from Portuguese into Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) text-videos. I align myself to the theoretical, epistemological and analytical perspectives of Translation Theories and Studies, Translation Pedagogies and Translation Didactics. The research objectives are: (i) to investigate the theoretical references of Translation Studies that theme about Translation Pedagogies and Didactics; (ii) to report the construction and application of an extension course for the training of Libras translators from the pedagogical and didactic perspective of translation; (iii) analyze and criticize the pedagogical and didactic proposals for the production of thematic units (subjects) and translation units (translation tasks, by learning objectives and translation competences) built for the translation extension course at INES; and (iv) point out reflections on the pedagogical conception of a translator training course, the production of didactic material and the development of translation learning acquisition and translation competences of deaf and hearing students. The methodology of this research is qualitative, with a focus on applied research and ethnography of translation education. The research generated data at the National Institute of Education of the Deaf/Ministry of Education (INES/MEC), through an extension course for the training of Translators-Interpreters of Libras/Portuguese (TILSP), in virtual format (synchronous and asynchronous), in the year 2022, with a workload of 400 hours. The data present ethnographies of translation teaching, with descriptions, analyses and evaluations (teacher-researcher and listener and deaf students), besides theoretical-practical and pedagogical-didactic reflections on Translation Studies, regarding: (i) organization and management of a course of translation of texts written in Portuguese to text-videos in Libras; (ii) elaboration of 12 disciplinary menus and 58 lesson plans (containing content, objectives, strategies, resources, evaluation and references); (iii) application of 12 thematic units (disciplines), being distributed in 05 modules, with 58 synchronous-remote classes; (iv) application of 70 teaching units, with sequences of tasks (conversational, linguistic, terminological, theoretical and translation) for learning text- video translation in Libras, in addition to self-assessments of students about their performance, the course and teaching materials; (v) complementation of translation teaching, with 77 asynchronous activities as a form of pedagogical learning activities; (vi) meetings of individual and group educational mentoring; (vii) interactions in Libras, in the classroom, with the regular teacher, invited deaf teachers, deaf volunteer tutors and deaf/hearing students; (viii) defenses of text-video translation projects in Libras. The thesis concludes by proposing the incorporation of new translation sub-competencies in the Didactics of Multimodal Text-Video Translation in Sign Languages, such as: interactional sub-competency; translanguaging sub-competency; semiotic sub-competency; and multimodal sub-competency.

Text in English / Undergraduate students at the Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM) experience great difficulty in developing their translation competence during their training period. On the one hand, they show many signs of poor quality during their training when they accomplish practical translation assignments on and off-campus. On the other hand, the quality of the final work submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor Honours Degree (Licenciatura) suggests that most students fail to go beyond the minimum standards with regard to translation competence. Yet, comprehensive research aimed at understanding factors hindering translation competence at the UEM has been scanty. Besides, the few studies available have some significant lacunae, for they focus on Portuguese language development; are limited to error analysis, and often ignore students‟ perspectives. Consequently, the problem of finding a balanced approach to developing students‟ translation competence has remained unaddressed. Therefore, this study has been conducted with the purpose of investigating the translation competence of the UEM undergraduates in order to establish the major obstacles to their translation competence development, and consequently come up with suggestions for improving the current translator-training degree programme. The study design uses qualitative methods translated into a case study approach. First, questionnaire data is analysed to gain lecturers‟ and students‟ perspectives on translation competence at the UEM. Second, a students‟ error typology is developed following a macro- and micro-textual analysis of their translations. The study concludes that substandard bilingual skills, compounded by curricular, attitudinal/motivational, pedagogical and infrastructural/instrumental factors, negatively impact the students‟ development of translation competence at the UEM and that addressing these may pave the way towards improving the current translation-training programme. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)