Au sortir de la domination ottomane, les voyageurs français se rendent en Grèce dans l’optique de parcourir une terre chargée d’histoire, au passé glorieux mais au présent décevant. Chateaubriand et Quinet sont de ces écrivains-voyageurs qui rendent compte de la situation de crise vécue au tournant de la guerre d’indépendance hellène (1821-1830). Au travers de leur regard d’ « hommes-frontières » – à la fois écrivains et historiens – ces peintres français du paysage grec ont décrit une Hellade plurivoque, au début et à la fin de la guerre de soulèvement national. Cette étude questionne l’intrusion de l’histoire dans leurs récits de voyage fictionnels et rend compte de la fabrique de leur pensée grecque sise au cœur de leurs carrières respectives. L’historiographie romantique en est alors à ses prémisses dans la mesure où l’histoire émerge à peine comme discipline scientifique. C’est pourquoi, par le prisme de la littérature et de l’imagination, le récit de voyage se présente comme un genre idoine à l’écriture de l’histoire, propre à la fragmentation des discours par le travail du palimpseste. Tels des Janus aux yeux tournés vers le passé autant que vers l’avenir, Chateaubriand et Quinet en Grèce s’inscrivent dans l’histoire de leur temps, au tournant des Révolutions européennes, par le biais d’une écriture de l’histoire immédiate tout en peignant des paysages à portée historique. / Early after the fall of the ottoman domination, the French travelers went to Greece in order to wander through a land full of history, with a glorious past but a deceiving present. Chateaubriand and Quinet were writers and travelers who reported the crisis lived at the turning point of the Hellenic war of independence (1821-1830). Through their gaze of “borders-men” – both writers and historians – these French painters of the Greek landscape described a plurivocal Hellade, at the beginning and the end of the war of national uprising. This study question the intrusion of history in their fictional travel narratives and report the making of their Greek thought situated at the heart of their respective career. The romantic historiography was just at its premises because history as a scientific discipline was barely emerging. Thus, through the prism of literature and imagination, travel narrative was a fitting genre for writing history, propitious to the fragmentation of speeches by the work of palimpsest. As Januses with their eyes turned to the past as well as to the future, in Greece, Chateaubriand and Quinet inscribed themselves in the history of their time, at the turning point of the European Revolutions, through a writing of the immediate history while painting landscapes with historical dimension

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleide Aparecida de Souza Cazarotto.pdf: 2380624 bytes, checksum: bf19532fdaf7b47a89b501f2e67f4b4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / The overall objective of the study of the short story "O Recado do Morro," the writer João Guimarães Rosa (1908-1963), integrated into the Corpo de Baile anthology (1956), to elucidate the work of hybridization of form, structure and language of the tale Using data from the traveler's field notebooks author and reported in narrative creation process. The understanding of the work designed by us as fictional trans interested in with regard to how the empirical reality is translated by the books (and Boiada 1 Boiada 2) and transformed by the antics of the fictional narrator-traveler, reader, creator and witness simultaneously. The emergence of history, from the perspective of the author diplomat, pointed to the difference reflected in latu and strict sense - the movement of time and space travel through the memory in fable flow of images and maps of the rich nature of the Hinterland Miner. Scenarios and field trials of poetic language in the telling of stories in sync. In this deployment of meta-narratives, the dialogism is the method that implements the parallel tale books and field - between the last collection (Travel, 1952) and present the report (in constant update.) The major effect is marked by the journey of the invention (Seven Stories and seven Messegers), through the other, human and geographical otherness that are meant to represent and refract the author's intentions in terms of a universal message: "O Recado do Morro , o Morro da Garça in the region of Cordisburgo in trans poetry to" The Scrap of Earth. " In the dynamics of travel, the polyphonic narrative finds its dual core, the poetic and linguistic identity uniqueness Rosa, once degenerated by the memory flow, point to the utopia of this unfinished the work in virtual coexistence and current. These are the basic principles raised by the reading of discovery and invention, crossing, contemplation and interactivity, this dissertation / O objetivo geral do estudo do conto O Recado do Morro , do escritor João Guimarães Rosa (1908-1963), integrado à antologia Corpo de Baile (1956), é elucidar o trabalho de hibridação da forma, estrutura e linguagem do conto com os dados das Cadernetas de Campo do viajante autor e a narrativa relatada em processo de criação. A compreensão do trabalho concebido por nós como transcriação ficcional interessou-nos no tocante à maneira como a realidade empírica é traduzida pelas cadernetas (Boiada 1 e Boiada 2) e transformada pelas artimanhas ficcionais do narrador-viajante, leitor, testemunha e criador simultâneos. O emergir da história, sob o olhar do autor diplomata, apontou-nos a diferença refletida, em lato e stricto sensu o movimento do tempo e espaço da viagem pela via da memória em fluxo fabular de imagens e da cartografia da rica natureza do sertão mineiro. Cenários e campos de experimentação da linguagem poética em relato de histórias em sincronia. Neste desdobramento de meta-narrativas, a dialogia é o método que concretiza o paralelismo conto e cadernetas de campo entre o passado da recolha (Viagem de 1952) e o presente do relato (em permanente atualização). O grande efeito final é marcado pela viagem da invenção (sete histórias e sete recadeiros), por meio do Outro, humano e geográfico, alteridades que têm a função de representar e refratar as intenções do autor em função de um recado Universal: O Recado do Morro , o Morro da Garça na região de Cordisburgo, em transcriação poética para O Recado da Terra . Na dinâmica das viagens, a narrativa polifônica encontra seu duplo centro, a singularidade poética e a identidade lingüística rosiana que, uma vez degeneradas pelo fluxo da memória, apontam para a utopia do presente inacabado na obra, em coexistência virtual e atual. Estes são os princípios básicos levantados pela leitura de descoberta e invenção, travessia, contemplação e interatividade, nesta dissertação

Cette thèse traite de l’évolution des modes de représentations et de l’image du Polynésien dans les littératures française, anglaise et américaine depuis 1842, la date du Protectorat de Tahiti, jusqu’en 1911, la période qui précède la Première Guerre mondiale. Il s’agit d’une lecture postcoloniale analysant l’influence des facteurs temporels et culturels des voyageurs occidentaux sur l’image de l’Autre et sur sa transformation du bon sauvage ou du cannibale païen en métis tiraillé entre les traditions et la modernité. Cette analyse a pour ambition de tracer la métamorphose qui marque le discours occidental sur la Polynésie et qui atteint son paroxysme à partir de la fin du XIXe. Il est question de tracer les origines de cette métamorphose, son impact sur la littérature et de déterminer si cette évolution dans le discours colonial représente une prise de conscience de l’Autre ou bien s’il s’agit des symptômes avant-coureurs d’un état de décadence qui frapperait la littérature coloniale. / This thesis deals with the evolution of the modes of representation and the image of the Polynesian in the French, English, and American literatures since 1842, the date of the French Protectorate over Tahiti, until 1911, the period which precedes the First World War. It is about a postcolonial reading of the influence of temporal and cultural factors of Western travelers on the image of the Other, on its transformation from a Noble Savage or a Cannibal into a person who lives in a cultural hybridity, and who is in a conflict between tradition and modernity. This analysis aims to outline the metamorphosis that affects the Western discourse on Polynesia and which reaches its peak starting from the late nineteenth century. It endeavors to study the origins of this metamorphosis, its impact on the literature and to determine if the evolution of the colonial discourse represents a growing awareness of the Other or if it is only a kind of warning symptoms of a literary decadence.

Overseas Shipwrecks: Depictions in Spanish and Portuguese Sources from the 16th Century PhDr. Jaroslava Marešová Abstract This dissertation analyses Spanish and Portuguese shipwreck accounts of the 16th century. These accounts were written mainly by survivors of catastrophic shipwrecks on overseas voyages to America and India and therefore belong to the huge corpus of works written in the 16th century about exploring and conquering new territories. But unlike the most of the written sources of the period, these accounts does not celebrate the overseas enterprise, they bring a new, tragic, perspective and describe the dangers and misery of overseas voyages. Portuguese shipwrecks accounts were very popular among the readers of the 16th century and therefore they created a kind of tradition. They are often seen as a specific genre and represent an important topic of the Portuguese literature of the 16th century and are studied by many Portuguese literary scholars. In this dissertation six Portuguese accounts are analysed, five of them written by survivors. There are not as many shipwreck accounts written in Spanish. The best known of them is the account by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca. The second shipwreck account written in Spanish and analysed in this dissertation is the letter by Maestre Juan in which he...

Englishwomen who traveled to the "Orient" in the Victorian era constructed an identity that was British in its bravery, middle-class in its refinement, feminine in appearance and speech and Christian in its intolerance of Oriental heathenism. Studying Victorian female travel narratives that described journeys to the Orient provides an excellent opportunity to reexamine the diaphanous nature of the boundaries of the public/private sphere dichotomy; the relationship between travel, overt nationalism, and gendered constructions of identity, the link between geographic location and self-definition; the power dynamics inherent in information gathering, organization and production. Englishwomen projected gendered identities in their writings, which were both "imperially" masculine and "domestically" feminine, depending on the needs of a particular location and space. The travel narrative itself was also a gendered product that served as both a medium of cultural expression for Victorian women and a tool of restraint, encouraging them to conform to societal expectations to gain limited authority and recognition for their travels even while they embraced the freedom of movement. The terms "imperial masculinity" and "domestic femininity" are employed throughout this analysis to categorize the transient manipulation of character traits associated in Victorian society with middle- and upper-class men abroad in the empire and middle- and upper-class women who remained within their homes in Great Britain. Also stressed is the decision by female travelers to co-assert feminine identities that legitimated their imperial freedom by alluding to equally important components of their transported domestic constructions of self. Contrary to scholarship solely viewing Victorian projections of the feminine ideal as negative, the powers underlining social determinants of gender norms will be treated as "both regulatory and productive." Englishwomen chose to amplify elements of their domestic femininity or newly obtained imperial masculinity depending on the situation encountered during their travels or the message they wished to communicate in their travel narratives. The travel narrative is a valuable tool not only for deconstructing transient constructions of gender, but also for discovering the foundations of race and class ideologies in which the Oriental and the Orient are subjugated to enhance Englishwomen's Orientalist imperial status and position. This thesis is modeled on the structure of the traveling experience. In reviewing first the intellectual expectations preceding travel, the events of travel and finally the emotional reaction to the first two, a metaphoric attempt to better understand meaning through mimicry has been made. Over twenty travel narratives published by Englishwomen of varying social backgrounds, economic classes and motivations for travel between 1830 and World War I were analyzed in conjunction with letters, diaries, fictional works, newspaper articles, advice manuals, travel guides and religious texts in an effort to study the uniquely gendered nature of the Preface in female travel narratives; definitions of "travelers" and "traveling;" the manner in which "new" forms of metaphysical identification formulated what Victorian lady travelers "pre-knew" the "East" to be; the gendered nature in which female travelers portrayed their encounters with the "realities" of travel; and the concept of "disconnect," or the "distance" between a female traveler's expectation and the portrayed "reality" of what she experienced in the Orient.

In this study, I read late medieval vernacular texts of Mandeville’s Travels, Chaucer’s Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale, and Margery Kempe’s Book in terms of memory, place and authorial identity. I show how each author constructs ethos and alters narrative form by using memory and place. I argue that the discourses of memory and place are essential to authorial identity and anchor their eccentric texts to traditional modes of composition and orthodoxy. In Chapter one, I argue that memory and place are essential tools in creating authorial ethos for the Wife of Bath, Margery Kempe, and John Mandeville. These writers use memory and place to anchor their eccentric texts in traditional modes of composition and orthodoxy. Chapter two reads Mandeville’s treatment of holy places as he constructs authority by using rhetorical appeals to authority via salvation history and memory. His narrative draws on multiple media, multiple texts, memoria, and collective memory. Chapter three examines the rhetorical strategy of the Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale as directly linked to practices of memoria, especially in her cataloguing of ancient and medieval authorities and scripture. Chaucer’s Wife legitimates her travel and experience through citing and quoting from medieval common-place texts and ultimately makes a common-place text of her own personal experience. Chapter four argues that memory is the central structuring strategy and the foundation for Margery’s arguments for spiritual authority and legitimacy in The Book of Margery Kempe. I read the Book’s structure as a strategic dramatization of Margery’s authority framed by institutional spaces of the Church and by civic spaces of the medieval town. Chapter five considers the implications of reading the intersections of memory and place in late-medieval construction of authority for vernacular writers as contributing to a better understanding of medieval authorial identity and a clearer appreciation of structure, form, and the transformation of the pilgrimage motif into the travel narrative genre. This project helps strengthen ties between the fields of medieval literature, women’s writing and rhetoric(s), and Genre Studies as it charts the interface between discourse, narrative form, and medieval conceptions of memory and authorial identity.