O Brasil do Segundo Reinado é objeto de relatos de viajantes britânicos e norte-americanos produzidos no contexto imperialista do século XIX. Na busca por mercados produtores e consumidores, a vocação agrícola brasileira é abordada pelos viajantes articulada à influência britânica mantida no Brasil e à crescente confiança dos Estados Unidos em ampliar as relações com o Império brasileiro, no jogo de interesses geopolíticos e econômicos em que o país atuava como fornecedor de produtos agrícolas e matérias-primas, tendo parte considerável de seu aparato produtivo e infraestrutura voltados a atender à procura desses gêneros nos países de origem dos viajantes. No apêndice há o resumo biográfico dos viajantes estudados. / The Second Empire Brazil is the subject of reports from British and North-American travelers produced in the imperialist context of the nineteenth century. In the quest for producer and consumer markets, Brazil\'s agricultural propensity is approached by travelers hinged to British influence upheld in Brazil and the growing confidence of the United States regarding broadening relations with the Brazilian Empire, in the game of economic and geopolitical interests in which the country played as a supplier of agricultural commodities and raw materials, with a considerable portion of its production apparatus and infrastructure aimed at handling the demand for such genres in travelers home countries. The researched travelers biographical abstract can be found at the Appendix section.

Em meio às distintas orientações que atribuem ao termo paisagem um variado conjunto de acepções, este trabalho disserta sobre a paisagem como experiência estética da natureza e tem como objetivo promover a identificação desta associação em um contexto específico, a obra Viagem pelo Brasil, de Carl Friedrich von Martius e Johann Baptiste von Spix, naturalistas que integraram a Missão Austríaca e percorreram o território brasileiro entre os anos de 1817 e 1820. Baseada em conceitos teóricos que compreendem a paisagem enquanto vivência e representação sensíveis da natureza, esta pesquisa versa sobre os parâmetros que justamente permitem compreender a experiência paisagística no âmbito da sensibilidade, ocupando-se, durante o trajeto que nos conduz ao texto de Martius e Spix, de demais questões sintonizadas com o ideário dos viajantes e, sobretudo, com a experiência estética da natureza. Neste caso, igualmente discorremos sobre a paisagem enquanto gênero pictórico, o pensamento estético-científico e demais aspectos relativos às questões propriamente estéticas vigentes entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, estendendo tanto a compreensão sobre a maneira como consideramos a paisagem no presente estudo quanto sua expressão no referido relato de viagem. Finalmente, destacamos que este trabalho não somente oferece subsídios ao entendimento da paisagem como um acolhimento sensível da natureza, mas também evidencia os desdobramentos dessa relação, tangenciando a essência da experiência paisagística circunscrita nos domínios da estética, relacionada à conformação de unidades que, contudo contidas em limites precisos, irrompem nas dimensões ilimitadas do mundo natural. / Among the different orientations that attach to the term landscape a diverse set of meanings, this work discusses the landscape as aesthetic experience of nature and aims to promote the identification in a specific context, the book Journey in Brazil written by Carl Friedrich von Martius and Johann Baptiste von Spix, naturalists who joined the Austrian Mission and traveled along the brazilian territory between the years 1817 and 1820. Based on theoretical concepts that comprise the landscape as a sensitive living and representation of nature, this research runs upon the parameters that allow us to understand the landscape experience in the field of sensibility, occupying, during the course that leads us to the text of Martius and Spix, with other issues that deal with the ideas of travelers and mainly the aesthetic experience of nature. In such case, we also describe the landscape as a pictorial genre, the aesthetic and scientific thought and different aspects related to other themes valid between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, extending the understanding of the way we consider the landscape in this study and its expression in the selected travel report. Finally, we emphasize that this work not only contributes to the understanding of the landscape as a sensitive host of nature, but also highlights the consequences of this relationship, touching the essence of the landscape limited in the fields of aesthetic experience, related to forming units which, however contained in precise limits, erupt in unlimited dimensions of the natural world.

Submitted by Leonardo Lima (leonardoperlim@gmail.com) on 2016-03-21T19:57:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Um ilustrado nas fronteiras da alteridade.pdf: 3341183 bytes, checksum: 67d9b2157465fff26c46b3cdc97d9c84 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T10:55:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Um ilustrado nas fronteiras da alteridade.pdf: 3341183 bytes, checksum: 67d9b2157465fff26c46b3cdc97d9c84 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T10:57:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Um ilustrado nas fronteiras da alteridade.pdf: 3341183 bytes, checksum: 67d9b2157465fff26c46b3cdc97d9c84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T11:09:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Um ilustrado nas fronteiras da alteridade.pdf: 3341183 bytes, checksum: 67d9b2157465fff26c46b3cdc97d9c84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS / Com a assinatura do Tratado de 1778, diversas expedições foram enviadas pelas coroas ibéricas para a demarcação dos limites entre as suas possessões na América. Em uma dessas expedições, veio para a região platina o aragonês Félix de Azara (1742 – 1821). Devido à postergação do serviço das demarcações, Azara decidiu empreender várias viagens no interior do continente americano, coletando informações sobre os locais nos quais passava. Com esse trabalho, o militar tornou-se um reconhecido naturalista em seu tempo. O objetivo da presente dissertação de mestrado é compreender a visão de Félix de Azara sobre o “outro” e quais relações o aragonês manteve com os habitantes locais. Para isso, utilizaremos a proposta do linguista Tzvetan Todorov (2011), para abordar o tema da alteridade no período da ilustração. Com isso, pretendemos conhecer melhor não só Azara, mas também seu olhar como ilustrado espanhol sobre a sociedade platina do final do século XVIII. / After the signature of the Treaty of 1778, many expeditions were send by the Iberic crowns with the purpose of demarcating the borders of their possessions in the America. In one of these expeditions came to the region the Aragonese Felix de Azara (1742 – 1821). Due to the delay in the demarcation works, Azara decided to un-dertake many voyages to the inland of the American continent, collecting informations about the places where he passed. With this labour, the military became a recognized naturalist in his time. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the point of view of Felix the Azara towards the “other” and what relations the Aragonese kept with the local inhabitants. In order to do that we are going to use the proposition of Tzevetan Todorov on approaching the theme of “otherness” in the Enlightenment era. We intend to know better not only Azara, but also his point of view as a Spanish of the Enlightenment Era about a platine region society in the late XVIII century.

George Heriot's, Travels Through The Canadas, Containing a Description of the Picturesque Scenery on some of the Rivers and Lakes; with an account of the Productions, Commerce, and Inhabitants of those Provinces to which is Subjoined a Comparative View of the Manners and Customs of Several of the Indian Nations of North and South America, was first published in London in 1805. Presenting the Canadas in a documentary and picturesque mode, Heriot's Travels since its publication has been valued as an important source of data and information. It has thus participated in and formed part of the received notions concerning Canada and its peoples in the 19th century. My thesis explores how Heriot's Travels constructs and represents Upper and Lower Canada and the diverse inhabitants of these regions. I argue that the text and its illustrations far from providing an objective description, in fact give form to contemporaneous perceptions and values and to aesthetic criteria that had colonialist implications. In particular the thesis examines how the visual material within the publication functions to reinforce or contradict the text's agenda. My contention is that Heriot's aims are much broader than those to which he admitted. For his readers the representation of Canada was tied to prospects of vast expansionist possibilities for British capital, technology, commodities and systems of knowledge. The unacknowledged aims of the book, as elaborated in my thesis were: to confirm the superiority of British rule in comparison to the earlier French administration in Canada; to define the British by a comparison to others, thus marking out existing inhabitants, specifically the French Canadians and First Nations peoples, as simple, indolent and inferior; to tame and commodity Canada through the use of the picturesque, thus ordering and civilizing the landscape for a British audience and would-be immigrants; and, finally, to reinforce Britain's economic claims in British North America. As in other travel writing of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Heriot employs in his representation of Canada the discursive languages of science, taxonomy, technology and ethnology. The picturesque descriptions in text and image work in conjunction with these and serve to demonstrate the role of art and aesthetics in maintaining an established order, and in asserting its classificatory regimes and exclusions. iii / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

La résistance aux antibiotiques chez les bactéries est un problème majeur mondial du fait de son augmentation. Récemment, la transmission des bactéries résistantes aux humains, aux animaux et à l’environnement sont de plus en plus décrits dans la littérature. Ces dernières années, les voyages internationaux ont augmenté massivement ce qui a permis aux bactéries résistantes de se propager d’un lieu à un autre. Les voyageurs internationaux sont les principaux acteurs de l’acquisition et de la propagation des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques. Le plus grand rassemblement annuel de personnes comme le pèlerinage à la Mecque est connu pour être un réservoir pour la transmission des maladies infectieuses telles que la grippe, les épidémies méningococciques ou la tuberculose. Par conséquent, les voyageurs en particulier les pèlerins représentent une source importante de propagation de bactéries multi-résistantes. Les études sur la transmission et l'acquisition de gènes de résistance pendant le Hajj sont rares. Par conséquent, ce projet de thèse a trois objectifs principaux permettant de mieux comprendre la prévalence des gènes de résistance et des bactéries multi-résistantes au cours du Hajj:(i)l’étude de la surveillance épidémiologique des gènes de résistance chez les pèlerins avant et après le Hajj,(ii)l’étude des facteurs de risque d'acquisition de gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques chez les pèlerins,(iii)les études épidémiologiques moléculaires des bactéries résistantes chez les pèlerins et d'autres sources, tels que les patients, les animaux et l’environnement en utilisant des techniques comme le typage des séquences multi-locus et le séquençage du génome complet. / Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is increasing and become a worldwide problem. Newresistance bacteria or mechanisms are emerging and spreading rapidly. Recently, thetransmission of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria among humans, animals, and the variousenvironments are vastly recognized. With the growth of international travels over the pastdecades, this provides opportunities for AR bacteria to be spread rapidly from one geographiclocation to another. During trips, travelers changed diets, lifestyles, and their environmentsresulting in the alteration of AR patterns of bacteria residing in the gut. Thus, internationaltravelers are one of the most important modes for the acquisition and spread of AR genes.The largest annual mass gathering, the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) is well known as a sourcefor infectious diseases transmission such as influenza, meningococcal outbreaks ortuberculosis. Thus, travelers, especially pilgrims, are one of the most significant sources forspreading AR bacteria. However, studies of the transmission and acquisition of AR genesduring Hajj in pilgrims are scarce. Therefore, this research thesis was carried out with threemain objectives to better understanding the prevalence of AR genes and bacteria during Hajj:(i) epidemiological surveillance of AR genes in pilgrims before and after Hajj, (ii) risk factorsanalysis concerning AR genes acquisition in pilgrims, (iii) molecular epidemiological studiesof AR bacteria in pilgrims, including patients, animals, and environment with the use ofmulti-locus sequence typing and whole genome sequencing.

This study seeks to provide a geographical commentary upon documents relating to travel in the Cape during the second half of the eighteenth century. These documents include not only books of travel, but also travel journals, letters and maps both published and unpublished. They have been examined in the first place to ascertain what light they throw on the evolution of geographical ideas concerning the phenomena now capable of classification under the broad heading of physical geography. Secondly the have been viewed as part of the geography of travel and exploration which deals with routes, the identification of places, the explanation of place-names and the evolution of the map, or in its absence, of the mental picture of the regions reported on. Historical events are also considered, for the geographer can no more afford to ignore history than the historian dare cast a blind eye upon geography.

This Thesis Project began as an exploration of the architectural, philosophical and psychological nature of dwelling. From this exploration I have made an argument about the nature of dwelling based on several premises. First, that dwelling is determined by the boundaries between public and private space. Second, these boundaries of dwelling may only be adjusted or determined by a political operation- the mediation between private desire and public consensus. Third, the successful mediation of these boundaries depends on two basic conditions: equality and communication, principally speech. To test this thesis I looked for a dwelling typology where everyone was equal and where there was a minimum condition of private space. These conditions create the largest potential for dwelling in the terms of my argument. I chose the Travellers' Hotel, a changing typology that brings together people from around the world who share all the space of the building including the kitchen, and the two most private spaces of a dwelling; the bedroom and the bathroom. I chose a site in downtown Vancouver, the corner of Davie and Granville Streets, that is the intersection of major transportation and pedestrian axes of the city and major demographic, economic, and physical changes in the fabric of the city. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between travel destination image and the tourist satisfaction/dissatisfaction. Using the evaluative congruity theory framework, this study focused on the role of destination images in tourism with regard to consumer satisfaction/ dissatisfaction (CS/D) from the stand point of: (1) the functional congruency between the tourist's expectations and his/her perceptions of specific utilitarian (functional) attributes of a destination; (2) the value-expressive (symbolic) congruency between the tourist'S self concept and the destination's personality image; and (3) the degree of emotional involvement the traveler associates with travel purchases and its influence on his/her satisfaction/ dissatisfaction. The key findings of this study indicate that CS/D is related to both functional and symbolic congruity. With regard to the relative strength of the functional congruity and the symbolic congruity in explaining CS/D in tourism, the functional congruity was found to explain CS/D better than the symbolic congruity. It was also found that the tourist's emotional involvement in the travel purchase process affects his/her satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the destination. / Ph. D.

No description available.

The ancient Maya afterlife is a rich and voluminous topic. Unfortunately, much of the material currently utilized for interpretations about the ancient Maya comes from publications written after contact by the Spanish or from artifacts with no context, likely looted items. Both sources of information can be problematic and can skew interpretations. Cosmological tales documented after the Spanish invasion show evidence of the religious conversion that was underway. Noncontextual artifacts are often altered in order to make them more marketable. An example of an iconographic theme that is incorporated into the surviving media of the ancient Maya, but that is not mentioned in ethnographically-recorded myths or represented in the iconography from most noncontextual objects, are the "travelers": a group of gods, humans, and animals who occupy a unique niche in the ancient Maya cosmology. This group of figures is depicted journeying from one level or realm of the universe to another by using objects argued to bridge more than one plane of existence at a time. They travel by holding onto or riding objects familiar to the ancient Maya that held other-world or afterlife symbolic significance and that are connected to events related to birth, death, and leadership. This group of figures (the "travelers"), represented across time and space and on wide ranging media, provides insight and broadens what is currently understood about the ancient Maya view of life and death by indicating a persistent belief in the ability to move from one realm to another in the afterlife.