A Organização Mundial da Saúde estima que 3.9 bilhões de pessoas, em 128 países, vivem atualmente em áreas de risco para contrair dengue em todo o mundo, e que anualmente, 390 (284-528) milhões de infecções ocorrem, sendo apenas 96 (67-136) milhões de casos com manifestações clínicas. Estima-se que 500.000 casos de dengue hemorrágica aconteçam por ano, muitos deles em crianças, causando milhares de mortes (Bhatt et al., 2013; WHO, 2015a). A urbanização, a superpopulação, aglomeração, a pobreza, a infra-estrutura de saúde pública enfraquecida, além das mudanças demográficas globais, são fatores que interferem na incidência da dengue e contribuem para a perpetuação e o crescente número de casos da doença (Farmer, 1996; Guzmán and Kouri, 2002). Além destes fatores, as viagens internacionais também implicam no aumento da incidência da dengue, porque o viajante ajuda a introduzir novas estirpes de diferentes partes do mundo ao chegar doente em seu destino, ou ao voltar para casa portando a doença (Wilder-Smith and Schwartz, 2005). O Brasil sediou em 2014 a Copa do Mundo da FIFA e, em 2016, recebeu os Jogos Olímpicos de Verão, no Rio de Janeiro, dois dos maiores eventos esportivos da atualidade, e por isso esperava receber centenas de milhares de turistas em cada um dos eventos. Embora exista uma vacina contra a dengue, sua eficácia não é suficiente para a prevenção ampla, e a curto prazo, da população suscetível e, por estas razões, este trabalho pretende, através da modelagem matemática, estimar o risco de contágio de dengue para turistas não imunes no Brasil no período da Copa do Mundo da FIFA 2014, em cada uma das 12 cidades-sede do evento e também estimar o risco de contágio de dengue para turistas não imunes no Brasil no período dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016. Para a Copa do Mundo da FIFA, o risco obtido variou de 3,61x10-6 no melhor cenário a 8,33x10-4, no pior. Já para os Jogos Olímpicos, o pior risco individual obtido foi igual a 5.84x10-5 (IC 95%: 5.21x10-5 - 6.47x10-5) / The World Health Organization estimates that 3,9 billion people in 128 countries currently live in areas at risk of dengue worldwide, and that 390 (284-528) million infections occur annually, of which 96 (67 -136) million cases with clinical manifestations. It is estimated that 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic occur annually, many of them in children, causing thousands of deaths (Bhatt et al., 2013; WHO, 2015a). Urbanization, overpopulation, agglomeration, poverty, weakened public health infrastructure, and global demographic changes are factors that interfere with the incidence of dengue and contribute to the perpetuation and increasing number of cases of the disease (Farmer, 1996; Guzmán and Kouri, 2002). In addition to these factors, international travel also increase in the incidence of dengue, because an infected traveller may introduce new strains from different parts of the world when they arrive at their destination, or when they return home with the disease (Wilder-Smith and Schwartz, 2005). Brazil hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup and hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, two of the biggest modern sporting events, and it was predicted that each event would receive hundreds of thousands of tourists in each of events. Although a vaccine against dengue exists, its efficacy is not sufficient for the broad and short-term prevention of the susceptible population. As a result, this work intends, through mathematical modelling, to estimate the risk of contagion of dengue for non-immune tourists in Brazil during the period of 2014 FIFA World Cup in each of the 12 host cities of the event and also estimate the risk of contagion of dengue for non-immune tourists in Brazil during the period of Rio 2016 Olympic Games. During the FIFA World Cup, the risk obtained ranged from 3,61x10-6 in the best scenario up to 8,33x10-4 in the worst case scenario. For the Olympic Games, the worst individual risk was 5.84x10-5 (IC 95%: 5.21x10-5 - 6.47x10-5)

Greece is a well-known and recommended summer destination since the 1800’s. Greece have has its ups and downs however, travelers have always visited the country. When the economic crisis hit the country a reduction in the numbers of travelers and how those travelers spent their money differently became visable. In social media Greece were presented as an unattractive and unsafe destination to be in. Despite that Greece has developed and went from a stagnation phase to a rejuvenation phase. The Greek economy crisis hit the country hard and Greece did not want to lose its largest source of income – their travelers. In order to not lose their travelers Greece needed help. Theories such as push and pull factors, SWOT-analysis and Butler’s sequence model will be presented and used on Greece as a tourist destination in need of development. In order to approach this problemareas, selected theories and interviews have been the key factor. By including previous research that touches the problem areas, situations can be explained. The previous research will help readers to see on similar ways of handeling crisis problems that have been brought to the surface because of the crisis. Deeper interviews have been done with Apollo, the Greek National Tourism Organisation, students at Södertörns University and also infomers at an event about Greece here in Stockholm. This dissertation will show that Greece was considered being an attractive destination before and also during the year of the crisis, according to its travelers. Travelers did indeed travel to Greece, however, they did not spend much money or time at the destination as earlier. That requiers a re-attraction of travelers and their spendings. In order to re-attract travelers, Greece has to work with its image, marketing and promotion. The figures in this dissertation will show what has to be done, and how to follow some crisis management steps in order to prevent this situations of happening again. As any destination has areas to improve, so has Greece.

In the latter half of the seventeenth century, the first-person overseas voyage narrative enjoyed an unprecedented degree of popularity in England. This thesis is concerned with texts written by travellers and the increasing perception that such information might be useful to those engaged in newly-developing scientific specialisms. It draws upon a wide range of texts including geographiae, physico-theological texts, first-person voyage narratives and imaginary voyage prose fictions. The main focus of the thesis is on the movement away from traditional encyclopaedic geographical textbooks whose treatment of non-European countries comprised an amalgam of unattributed information and a mass of traditional and erudite beliefs, towards a priontising of eyewitness accounts by named observers. Following an introductory survey of the production of an indigenous body of geographical literature in England, the first chapter traces the decline in popularity of traditional geographiae and the separation of regional description from general theories of the earth. The second chapter shows how in the Restoration period the concerted efforts of Fellows of the newly-established Royal Society resulted in a significant increase in the number of overseas travel narratives being published. The third chapter looks at the way in which the Royal Society's campaign developed from its initiation in 1666 to the close of the century, focusing on the response of travellers to the Society's requests for information. The fourth chapter considers the way in which earlier accounts were advertised as fulfilling contemporary expectations of this type of discourse. The fifth and sixth chapters concern fictitious voyage narratives. Imitative of a genre the value of which was increasingly seen as residing in its veracity, these fictions adapted in accordance with the changes being introduced to real voyage accounts whilst continuing to perpetuate the archaic myths and traditional beliefs which had been ehminated from factual geographical description. Appended to the thesis is a list of accounts of voyages and travels outside Europe, printed in the Philosophical Transactions (1665-1700). Also listed are reviews and abstracts of geographical texts, inquiries concerning specific locations and directions and instructions aimed at seamen, with brief biographical information about the authors to indicate the range of contributors to that journal.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2008. / Thesis directed by Joseph A. Buttigieg for the Department of English. "April 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 364-389).

Univ., Diss.--Augsburg, 2003. / Literraturverz. S. 391 - 429.

In this thesis I explore the global circulation and cross-cultural encounters of women advocacy travelers in the early twentieth century. I focus on Carrie Chapman Catt, Margaret Hodge, Mildred McFaden, and Madeleine Z. Doty, who journeyed around the world in order to advocate for women’s rights and peace. Catt traveled on behalf of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) to South Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in 1911-12, Hodge promoted women’s suffrage around the British dominions, and McFaden and other members of the American Woman’s Republic brought a resolution linking peace and women’s suffrage to the IWSA congress in Budapest in 1913. Doty made several journeys from the U.S. to Germany and Russia, as a dissident antiwar journalist during the First World War. Using their travel writings, I explore these women travelers, their encounters with women from other countries and cultures, and their ideas about internationalism and inclusion in the worldwide movement for women’s rights.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pizzolitto_n_me_arafcf.pdf: 428241 bytes, checksum: 7f12808d8c56c81553b87cd1604bdff5 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A diarréia do viajante é o problema de saúde, mais comum, associado ao turista em termos de freqüência e impacto econômico contribuindo para a perda de rendimentos obtidos pelo turismo, em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi identificar os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes, nos surtos de doença transmitida por alimentos e/ou água em núcleos receptores turísticos, conhecer a sazonalidade e caracterizar a população segundo a idade e os alimentos suspeitos. Baseou-se nas notificações enviadas à Divisão de Doença de Transmissão Hídrica e Alimentar (DDTHA), Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica (CVE), Secretaria Estadual de Saúde (SES) do Estado de São Paulo, no período 2002 a 2005 e informações das Vigilâncias Sanitárias da Direção Regional de Saúde (DIR). Os núcleos receptores turísticos selecionados foram: cidade de São Paulo e alguns municípios do interior como Águas de São Pedro, Campinas, Campos de Jordão, Franca, Jundiaí, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto, São José dos Campos, São José do Rio Preto e do litoral como Guarujá, Peruíbe, Praia Grande, Santos e Ubatuba. Os resultados mostraram que o núcleo receptor turístico cidade de São Paulo, notificou 304 surtos, 3382 casos/doentes e dois óbitos. Do interior foram notificados 116 surtos e 8016 casos/doentes e três óbitos. Do litoral foram notificados 11 surtos, 253 casos/doentes e três óbitos, compreendendo um total de 431 surtos, sendo 129.340 comensais, 11.651 casos/doentes e 8 óbitos. Os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes foram : vírus (58,08%), bactérias (72,72%), protozoários (4,67%), helmintos (0,83%), fungos (0,15%) e produtos químicos (0,12%). A freqüência dos agentes etiológicos foi: Rotavirus 31,86%; coliformes 28,38%; Salmonella sp. 13,55% (Salmonella Enteritidis 5,08% e Salmonella Typhimurium 2,88%)... / Travelers' diarrhea is the most common travel-related health problem in terms of frequency and economic impact. Travelers' diarrhea also contributes to loss of income from tourism in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to find the principle pathogens involved in outbreaks of food poisoning in tourist centers, and discover in what season the outbreaks occur, and age of the population. This study was based on informations sent to Divisão de Doença de Transmissão Hídrica e Alimentar (DDTHA), Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica (CVE), Secretaria Estadual de Saúde (SES) do Estado de São Paulo and Vigilâncias Sanitárias da Direção Regional de Saúde (DIR) from 2002 - 2005. The tourist centers selected for the study were: São Paulo city; Águas de São Pedro, Campinas, Campos de Jordão, Franca, Jundiaí, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto, São José dos Campos, São José do Rio Preto; Guarujá, Peruíbe, Praia Grande, Santos, and Ubatuba. The results showed that São Paulo city reported 304 outbreaks, 3,382 cases/disease and two deaths. From the interior of the state of São Paulo (116 outbreaks), 8016 cases/disease and 3 deaths were registered. From the coast (11 outbreaks), 253 cases/disease and 3 deaths were registered. In total there were 431 outbreaks, 129,340 persons exposed, 11,651 cases/disease and 8 deaths. The etiological agents were bacteria (72.72%), virus (58.08%), protozoa (4.67%), nematodes (0.83%), fungi (0.15%) and chemical products (0.12%). The frequency of causative pathogens was: Rotavirus 31.86%, coliforms 28.38%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

227f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-09T12:57:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF Final Olívia Biasin Dias.pdf: 3743004 bytes, checksum: b86d36f561dbc6f2e37a563e33fb3a31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-10-30T18:18:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF Final Olívia Biasin Dias.pdf: 3743004 bytes, checksum: b86d36f561dbc6f2e37a563e33fb3a31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-30T18:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF Final Olívia Biasin Dias.pdf: 3743004 bytes, checksum: b86d36f561dbc6f2e37a563e33fb3a31 (MD5) / CAPES / A tese aborda a diversidade racial e cultural baiana por meio das observações dos viajantes estrangeiros Maria Graham, Charles Darwin, Daniel Kidder, conde de Suzannet, Robert Avé-Lallemant, Maximiliano de Habsburgo e Louis e Elizabeth Agassiz, que estiveram no Brasil, e passaram pela Bahia, no transcurso do século XIX. Demonstra-se como o componente humano – especialmente o negro, o índio e o mestiço – constituía objeto de interesse e apreciação desses agentes históricos. Além disto, constata-se que os temas: raça, religiosidade, educação e imigração europeia eram considerados fatores que poderiam afetar o grau de progresso e civilização da província da Bahia e, até mesmo, do Brasil. Para tanto, analisa-se de que modo as ideias e concepções de mundo presentes nos olhares dos visitantes gestaram imagens e representações acerca da Bahia oitocentista.This paper analyzes how the racial and cultural diversity in Bahia was observed by eight foreign travelers who visited Brazil and went through Bahia, Maria Graham, Charles Darwin, Daniel Kidder, conde de Suzannet, Robert Avé-Lallemant, Maximiliano de Habsburgo e Louis e Elizabeth Agassiz,in the course of the nineteenth century, demonstrating how the human component - especially the black, Indian and mestizo - became object of interest and appreciation of these historical actors. It appears as items race, religion, education and European immigration were considered as factors that could affect the degree of progress and civilization of the province of Bahia and even Brazil. Therefore, I seek to identify how the ideas and worldviews present in the visitor‟s eyes gave birth images and representations about the nineteenth-century Bahia. / Salvador

Neste trabalho tratamos dos relatos dos viajantes que estiveram na cidade de Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul no período 1800-1850. Procuramos analisar nos relatos de viagem as suas impressões sobre a cidade, dando ênfase à maneira como esses viajantes viram, interpretaram e descreveram a paisagem e os aspectos urbanos da cidade. Paralelamente percorremos a documentação oficial produzida pela Câmara de Municipal da vila/cidade, para tentarmos perceber qual era o olhar que a autoridade local tinha para com os aspectos relatados pelos viajantes neste período, ao mesmo tempo procuramos analisar as demandas da população sobre o seu espaço. Além desses aspectos, a análise da cartografia histórica desse período permitiu-nos perceber como se dera o crescimento espacial da cidade. Nosso objetivo foi traçar um paralelo entre os diversos olhares sobre Porto Alegre e estabelecer as diferenças e semelhanças entre estes: o “olhar estrangeiro” e o “olhar local”. / This thesis concerns the reports of travelers who came to the city of Porto Alegre, capital of the province of Rio Grande do Sul within the period of 1800-1850. Based on such accounts, we seek to analyze their thoughts about the city, emphasizing the way these travelers saw, interpreted and described the landscape and the urban aspects of Porto Alegre. Simultaneously we go through the official documents produced by the City Council to try to apprehend how the local authorities perceived the aspects related by those travelers during this period, also considering the claims of the local population about the area. Also, the analysis of the historical maps and charts of this period allowed us to understand the spatial growth of the city. Our goal was to make a connection between the many impressions of Porto Alegre and also to establish what are the differences and resemblances between the foreign and the local points of view.

With the shift nowadays towards an experience economy, the increased attention placed on memorable experiences and how to stage them can be viewed as a major trend which can act as a source of information regarding the stories that people share about themselves and their self-perceptions, as well as helping businesses make a step towards their guests. In this vein, rural tourism is highly consumed by people searching for these unique and memorable experiences, but the knowledge on tourists’ experiences in a rural setting are very limited. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine what memorable experiences tourists encounter in the rural setting, and more importantly, why were they memorable. In order to answer these questions, the researcher undertook a qualitative approach and in depth semi structured interviews were conducted with people who travelled in the Cluj Napoca County from Romania. The findings revealed an amalgam of experiences that people encounter in the rural setting, combined with various reasons why the experiences were considered memorable in the eyes of respondents. The main findings show how the optimal memorable tourism experience is usually comprised of several factors involving multiple experiential dimensions, and an important influence is represented by social interactions alongside positive emotions.