The diploma thesis deals with probability at secondary schools. In the first chapter of the thesis we find a summary of the theory of probability in the range of Czech secondary school textbooks. The second chapter deals with the probability in curriculum documents. In the following chapters, two Czech secondary school textbooks are first compared, then we will focus on foreign textbooks. Finally, some examples are presented in detail. The work provides readers with a range of possible strategies for solving tasks, including graphical methods. 1

The subject of this engineer´s thesis is a design proposal for technical upgrade of chosen CNC turning center design groups. The choice of design groups is based on user´s and author´s practical knowledge gained from machine´s workings. For each of these groups, there is a function description, actual state of design solution and problematic behaviour description. The follow up consists of given problems solving with more possible variations taken into consideration, including economic evaluation of chosen solution.

The purpose of this thesis was to thoroughly develop probability objectives to be used by a fifth grade teacher. These probability objectives were developed in four main units. The focus of the first unit was probability vocabulary. The second unit explored the concept of fairness as determined by the probability of winning a game. The third unit's purpose was to determine sample space using tree diagrams, lists, and the Counting Principle. Unit four was designed to help the student write theoretical and experimental probability as fractions, decimals, and percentages. Each unit was written to include detailed descriptions, definitions, and probability activities that can be used in a fifth grade classroom.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:02:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6432.pdf: 3122043 bytes, checksum: 082819afaa3a0b58bb6c250635b34e25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-10 / This research has as main objective making a manipulative material to work sequences of activities by introducing the notion of Combinatorial Analysis in an intuitive and natural way in elementary school final years. Without using formulas, it presents an encouragement to use the Multiplicative Principle, tree diagram and list of possibilities as an important tool for solving various problems. We started the research making a description of the current curriculum documents in the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo, followed by historical overview and theoretical foundation. The survey was developed with the implementation of three activities with students from the 5th grade - 6 year to 8th grade - 9th year of elementary school in a Public State School in the city of Sorocaba/SP. These activities were designed to find out the students difficulties in the development of problems involving Combinatorial reasoning and to propose manipulative materials at low cost and to help in the construction and understanding of that content, since a big part of students and teachers consider it difficult to understand. These manipulative materials represent the final product of this research and it is hoped that teachers use them in their classrooms to make their classes more dynamic, rich and arousing the interest of the students. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal a confecção de material manipulável para trabalhar sequências de atividades introduzindo de maneira intuitiva e natural a noção de Análise Combinatória no Ensino Fundamental Anos Finais sem a utilização de fórmulas, incentivando o uso do Princípio Multiplicativo, do diagrama de árvore e da enumeração das possibilidades como uma ferramenta importante para a resolução de vários problemas. Iniciamos a pesquisa fazendo uma descrição dos documentos curriculares vigentes na Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São de São Paulo, seguida por um panorama histórico e fundamentação teórica. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com a aplicação de três atividades com alunos da 5ª série/6º ano a 8ª série/9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Pública Estadual da cidade de Sorocaba/SP. Essas atividades foram elaboradas com o objetivo de constatar as dificuldades dos alunos no desenvolvimento de problemas que envolvam o raciocínio combinatório e propor materiais manipulativos, de baixo custo, que auxiliem na construção e compreensão desse conteúdo, considerados de difícil entendimento por grande parte de alunos e professores. Esses materiais manipulativos representam o produto final dessa pesquisa e espera-se que os professores o utilizem em suas salas de aulas para tornar suas aulas mais ricas e dinâmicas despertando o interesse dos alunos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Auriluci C Figueiredo.pdf: 465672 bytes, checksum: 1df03500d906e4b187451daa2641f78b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-12-12 / This work has for objective to introduce the concept of the Conditional Probability in courses of Statistics in the University. For that we elaborated, we applied and we analyzed the results of a teaching sequence taking in consideration the beginnings of a Didactic Engineering. This teaching sequence is composed of four activities that they were created, basing on Carmen Batanero's didactic situations and other, with the aim of doing the student to contemplate on circumstances that involve not only the Conditional Probability, as the concepts linked to the Theorem of the Total Probability and the Theorem of Bayes. To work with such concepts we articulated in the subjects of the activities different representation registrations: natural, symbolic language, diagram of trees and contingency table, taking as base the Theory of Registrations of Representation of Raymond Duval. We applied this sequence to students of the courses of Licentiate of Mathematics and Science of the Computation and before the those students' protocols, we concluded that our sequence aided them they decrease it the difficulties lifted by us and for the researchers and at the same time it indicated themes for future researches in the area. Enter other conclusions stood out that most of the students before subjects that involve the Conditional Probability differentiated this of the Probability of the intersection of events and I calculate it of P(A/B) of the one of P(B/A), since these if they come in the questions in natural language. However when similar subjects were presented in the language symbolic many students they showed difficulties in solving them / Este trabalho tem por objetivo introduzir o conceito da Probabilidade Condicional em cursos de Estatística na Universidade. Para isso, elaboramos, aplicamos e analisamos os resultados de uma seqüência de ensino levando em consideração os princípios de uma Engenharia Didática. Esta seqüência de ensino é composta de quatro atividades que foram criadas, baseando-se nas situações didáticas apresentadas por Carmen Batanero e outros autores, com o intuito de fazer o aluno refletir sobre circunstâncias que envolvam não só a Probabilidade Condicional, bem como os conceitos ligados ao Teorema da Probabilidade Total e o Teorema de Bayes. Para trabalhar com tais conceitos, articulamos nas questões das atividades, diferentes registros de representação: linguagem natural, simbólica, diagrama de árvore e tabela de contingência, tomando como base a Teoria de Registros de Representação de Raymond Duval. Aplicamos esta seqüência aos alunos dos cursos de Licenciatura de Matemática e Ciência da Computação e diante dos protocolos desses alunos, concluímos que nossa seqüência os auxiliou a minimizar as dificuldades levantadas por nós e pelos pesquisadores e ao mesmo tempo indicou temas para futuras pesquisas na área. Dentre outras conclusões, ressaltamos que a maioria dos alunos diante de questões que envolvam a Probabilidade Condicional diferenciavam esta da Probabilidade da Interseção de Eventos e o Cálculo da P(A/B) do de P(B/A), desde que estes se apresentassem nas perguntas em linguagem natural. No entanto, quando questões análogas foram apresentadas na linguagem simbólica, muitos alunos mostraram dificuldades em resolvê-las

Det här är ett examensarbete inom Industriell Ekonomi och Produktion som handlar om MTR Techs verktygsframtagningsprocess där det saknas ett standardiserat arbetssätt. Företaget har haft problem med kvalitetsdifferenser vid produktframtagningsprocessen av inköpta och egentillverkade verktyg, likaså är de i behov av en lathund för CE-märkning, därav uppkomsten av detta examensarbete. Målet med examensarbetet är att effektivisera och höja kvaliteten på MTR Tech:s CE-märkningsprocess av maskiner genom att skapa en ny process med en lathund, en kvalitetskontroll samt en checklista. I denna studie har en semistrukturerad intervju genomförts med handledaren från företaget som resulterade i en processkarta som användes som utgångspunkt för vidare arbete. Utöver det har en litteraturstudie genomförts med fokus på processledning, kvalitetsarbete och lean. Examensarbetet resulterade i ett förbättringsarbete vad gäller den nuvarande processkartan. Det består av en ny processkarta som, enligt identifierade slöserier, omfattar berörda processer, en checklista, en lathund för implementering av CE-märkning och en kontroll innan lansering för färdiga produkter. / This is a degree project in Industrial Economics and Production that deals with MTR Tech's tool development process where there is no standardized way of working. The company has long-standing problems with quality differences in the product development process of purchased and self-manufactured tools, as well as in need of a guide for the implementation of CE marking, hence the emergence of this degree project. The goal of the degree project is to streamline and increase the quality of MTR Tech's CE marking process of machines by creating a new process with a guide, quality control and a checklist. In this study, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the supervisor from the company, which resulted in a process map that was used as a starting point for further work. In addition, a literature study has been conducted with a focus on process management, quality work and lean. The degree project resulted in an improvement project regarding the current process map, which is a new process map which, according to identified waste, includes relevant processes, a checklist, a guide for implementing CE marking and a control process before launch for finished products.