Thesis (B.A.Hons. 1980) from the Department of Politics, University of Adelaide.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 508-572). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 508-572). Also available on the Internet.

Submitted by Natalia Noschese Fingermann (nataliafinger@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-04-09T18:40:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fingermann_TESE_2014_joined_document.pdf: 7373437 bytes, checksum: d9bf1de7733befe9ad918cef8b0dec35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2014-04-09T18:43:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Fingermann_TESE_2014_joined_document.pdf: 7373437 bytes, checksum: d9bf1de7733befe9ad918cef8b0dec35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-09T18:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fingermann_TESE_2014_joined_document.pdf: 7373437 bytes, checksum: d9bf1de7733befe9ad918cef8b0dec35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / The architecture of foreign aid is undergoing a transformation process through which the North-South divide has become increasingly blurred and trilateral cooperation, which combines opposing North-South and South-South cooperation practices, has emerged as a new type of Brazilian technical cooperation. To better understand this scenario, this thesis aims to identify and compare the motivations and practices of Brazilian trilateral cooperation agents through a comparative case study of two ongoing trilateral projects developed by the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC, in the Portuguese acronym) in the agriculture sector in Mozambique: ProALIMENTOS, a partnership between the United States Agency for International Development (USAID- -Brazil) and ABC, and ProSAVANA, a partnership between Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and ABC. In this light, this research draws on an actor-oriented approach to carry out a multilevel analysis that creates a link between the agent and the structure, policies and practice, with a focus on the macro, meso and micro environments. The qualitative method applied in this paper combined the observant participant and document analysis techniques, in addition to 59 semi-structured interviews, most of which were conducted during a fieldwork in Mozambique from March to June 2013. The main findings indicate that the partnership in ProALIMENTOS has led to complementary gains and transfer of know-how among the three parties, though it has facilitated overlapping of South-South cooperation practices by North-South. While the case of ProSAVANA shows no complementary gain, once there are internal and external challenges involving the Program. The lack of internal coordination and harmonization reflects on the external conflict with civil society representatives due to the communication gap between the parties, which may challenge the continuity of ProSAVANA. Finally, this research shows that Brazilian government should pay more attention to these projects of Trilateral Cooperation, once its results might impact on the credibility of Brazilian technical cooperation as a new emerging donor. / A arquitetura do sistema de ajuda internacional passa por um processo de transformação, no qual as barreiras Norte e Sul tornam-se cada vez mais indefinidas, e a cooperação trilateral, que une as práticas opostas da cooperação Norte-Sul com a cooperação Sul-Sul, emerge como uma nova modalidade da cooperação técnica brasileira. Com o objetivo de compreender esse cenário, esta tese almeja identificar e contrastar as motivações e as práticas dos agentes da cooperação trilateral brasileira por meio de um estudo de caso comparado de dois projetos, desenvolvidos pela Agência Brasileira de Cooperação (ABC), no setor agrícola em Moçambique: o ProALIMENTOS, parceria entre a United States Agency for International Development (USAID- -Brasil) e ABC, e o ProSAVANA, parceria entre Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) e ABC. Para isso, a pesquisa parte dos pressupostos da actor-oriented approach para estabelecer uma análise multinível, que cria desta forma um elo entre o agente e a estrutura, a prática e a política, com um olhar sobre o contexto macro, meso e micro. A utilização da metodologia qualitativa aplicada a essa investigação combinou a técnica de participação observante com a técnica de análise documental, acrescentando à análise 59 entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas principalmente entre os meses de março e junho de 2013, em Moçambique. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que, no caso do ProALIMENTOS, há ganhos em complementaridade e troca de conhecimento para as três contrapartes, porém há a sobreposição das práticas Norte-Sul de cooperação para o desenvolvimento internacional sobre as práticas da cooperação Sul-Sul. Enquanto que, no caso do ProSAVANA, não há qualquer ganho de complementariedade, uma vez que o Programa enfrenta desafios internos e externos. A falta de harmonização e coordenação técnica no âmbito interno intensificam o embate externo com os representantes da sociedade civil ao gerar constantes falhas de comunicação, o que coloca em xeque a própria continuidade do ProSAVANA. Por último, a pesquisa mostra que é necessário um maior comprometimento do governo brasileiro nos projetos de Cooperação Trilateral, uma vez que os resultados desses projetos podem impactar e afetar a credibilidade do Brasil como um novo prestador de ajuda internacional.

Low grade heat (LGH) sources, here defined as below 80ºC, are one group of abundant energy sources that are under-utilised in the production of electricity. Industrial waste heat provides a convenient source of concentrated LGH, while solar ponds and geothermal resources are examples of sustainable sources of this energy. For a number of years RMIT has had two ongoing, parallel heat engine research projects aimed at the conversion of LGH into electricity. The Thermosyphon Rankine Engine (TSR) is a heat engine that uses water under considerable vacuum. The other research stream uses a hydrocarbon based working fluid in a heat engine employing the Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC). The TSR Mk V was designed and built as a low cost heat engine for the conversion of LGH into electricity. Its main design advantages are its cost and the employment of only one moving part. Using the data gained from the experimental rig, deviations from the expected results (those derived theoretically) were explored to gain insight for further development. The results from the TSR rig were well below those expected from the design specifications. Although the experimental apparatus was able to process the required heat energy, the efficiency of conversion fell well below the expected 3% and was approximately 0.2%. The inefficiency was explained by a number of contributing factors, the major being form drag upon the rotor that contributed around 2/3 of the losses. Although this was the major cause of the power loss, other factors such as the interference with the rotor by the condensate on its return path contributed to the overall poor performance of the TSR Mk V. The RMIT TFC project came about from exploration of the available academic literature on the subject of LGH conversion. Early work by researchers into applying Carnot's theory to finite heat sources led them to explore the merits of sensible heat transfer combined with a cycle that passes a liquid (instead of a gas) though an expander. The results showed that it was theoretically possible to extract and convert more energy from a heat source of this type using this method than using any other alternative. This previous research was targeted at heat sources above 80ºC and so exploration of the theoretical and empirical results for sources below this temperature was needed. Computer models and an experimental rig using isopentane (with a 28ºC boiling point at atmospheric pressure) were produced to assess the outcomes of employing low temperature heat sources using a TFC. The experimental results from the TFC research proved promising with the efficiency of conversion ranging from 0.8% to 2.4%. Although s uch figures seem poor in isolation, it should be noted that the 2.4% efficiency represents an achievement of 47% of the theoretical ideal conversion efficiency in a rig that uses mainly off-the-shelf components. It also confirms that the TFC shows promise when applied to heat sources less than 80ºC.

China, Japan and South Korea are three big economies in Northeast Asia that are innegotiations for a trilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA). A concluded FTA among them willcreate world’s third largest regional market that consists of of 1.52 billion people and thataccounts for 20% of world’s GDP. However the economic cooperation between the threecountries has constantly been interrupted by political issues that root back in the history of thethree countries. In the history the three countries have developed enemy images of oneanother, which have restrained their interaction over the years and influenced their currentrelationship. This thesis uses the enmification theory to explain how these enemy images andenmity feelings have emerged in the history and what impacts they have on political issuesand the economic cooperation between the three. Examples on political issues that are broughtup in this thesis are the recent intensified territorial disputes over Diaoyu/Senkaku islands andDokdo/Takeshima islands.

Uma proporção significativa dos alunos dos cursos de graduação em Geografia do IGDEMA/UFAL apresenta dificuldades na aprendizagem de Cartografia, particularmente de escala cartográfica linear. Pouquíssimos trabalhos apresentaram situações similares em outras universidades do Brasil e propuseram alternativas mitigadoras, embora com ênfase no curso de licenciatura. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tomou como objetivo desenvolver um procedimento de otimização da aprendizagem de escala cartográfica linear por meio da conscientização e motivação prévias discentes e contrapartidas bilaterais na aplicação de um processo de ensino-aprendizagem junto aos alunos do segundo período de graduação em Geografia do IGDEMA/UFAL em 2013/2. As bases teóricas adotadas para tal foram um conceito da psicologia pedagógica processo educativo trilateral , dois conceitos da teoria socioconstrutivista internalização das funções psicológicas superiores e zona de desenvolvimento proximal e a teoria da andragogia. Coerente com o objetivo e com respaldos das bases teóricas, foi aplicado o método de aula expositiva adaptado à implementação do processo pedagógico. Este processo envolveu a fase de avaliação prévia (exposição e prática preparatórias e posterior diálogo) e a fase de avaliação definitiva (exposições e práticas mais concentradas). Por ser preponderante, a avaliação definitiva precisou atender às exigências de planejamento e procedimentos administrativos, a fim de se minimizar a relativa falta de fidedignidade de seus escores para, em seguida, submeter-se a duas etapas obrigatórias do processo da sua validação. A primeira, que foi a verificação do requisito da validade, se deu por processo qualitativo em prol da representatividade de seu conteúdo mediante o universo Escala Cartográfica e dessa aprendizagem; e a segunda etapa, verificação do requisito da fidedignidade, processou-se pela análise estatística de consistência interna entre seus quesitos. Como a avaliação definitiva atendeu a esses requisitos de validação, as suas medidas de aprendizagem se tornaram confiáveis para os testes de diferenças aplicados conjuntamente com as medidas de aprendizagem similares da avaliação prévia. Assim, obteve-se o nível de êxito do processo pedagógico aplicado. Como resultado, a comparação dos dados das duas avaliações não indicou evolução esperada das notas de cada aluno. Então como causas desse resultado, em função da parte expressiva dos alunos, podem ser citadas: o processo aplicado se revelou ambicioso, a prática de variados exercícios mesmo com auxílio de demonstrações de cálculos revelou-se um desafio e modificações de escala cartográfica se revelaram problemática. Dessa forma, a conclusão é que esse processo de ensino-aprendizagem precisa ser revisto em parte, ou seja, revelam-se necessários procedimentos pedagógicos para esses estudantes ainda dependentes em virtude de fatores limitantes, particularmente a base matemática ineficiente. / A significant proportion of the undergraduates in the geography courses of the IGDEMA/UFAL present learning difficulties, particularly in relation to liner cartographic scale. Very few papers have identified similar situations in other universities in Brazil and have proposed mitigation alternatives, although with an emphasis on teaching degree courses. In this context, this work aimed at developing a learning procedure in order to optimize the learning of linear cartographic scale through awareness development and previous student motivation, as well as through bilateral counterparts in implementing a teaching/learning process focused on the se undergraduates of the second term in the first year of studies in Geography course of the IGDEMA/UFAL program, in 2013/2. The theoretical framework of the study included one concept of the pedagogical psychology trilateral educational process , two concepts of the social constructivist theory internalization of higher psychological functions, and proximal development zone as well as the andragogy theory. In order to be coherent with the study objective and the adopted theoretical framework, the expositive teaching method was used, although adapted to the target pedagogical process. This process involved a prior evaluation phase (presentation and preparatory practices and subsequent dialogue) and the phase of final assessment (presentations and more focused practices). Because it is preponderant, the definitive assessment had to meet planning requirements and administrative procedures, in order to minimize the relative unreliability of the scores, so that it could undergo the two mandatory steps of the process of validation. The first step verification of the validity requirement was implemented through a qualitative process, observing the representativeness of its content, based upon the Cartographic Scale universe and related learning; and the second step, verification of the reliability requirement, was developed through statistical analysis for the internal consistency of the adopted questions. As the final evaluation met these validation requirements, their learning measures were considered to be reliable for testing differences, applied within the similar learning measures of the prior assessment. As a result, the comparative data of both evaluations did not indicate the expected evolution in the students grades. Then, as those results reasons, considering the biggest amount of the students, we may cite: the applied process was too much ambitious, the practice of varied exercises though with calculation demonstrations, could be considered a challenge, and cartographic scale changes seemed to cause problems to them. Hence, the conclusion is that this teaching/learning process needs to be revised in part, which means, pedagogical proceeds might be necessary for those still dependent students, considering these limitation factors, particularly the insufficient mathematics basis.

[pt] Na virada do século XXI a arquitetura do sistema internacional passou por importantes mudanças em diversas arenas. Na cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento foi principalmente a partir dos anos 2000 que novas modalida-des, novos atores e novas dinâmicas de relacionamento entre eles levaram a recen-tes mudanças no quadro normativo e na definição das práticas legítimas desse sistema. A cooperação Sul-Sul se consolidou como prática alternativa, abrangen-do um fluxo distinto daquele compreendido pela Ajuda Oficial ao Desenvolvi-mento. A partir dessas transformações, novos arranjos que pautam as relações entre os atores foram se consolidando no campo da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Inspirada pelo aparato teórico-metodológico do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu e fundamentando a análise na tríade doxa, capitais e prática, essa tese defende que atores do Sul global se articularam para a maximização de seus capitais no campo, esgarçando as fronteiras e tensionando a doxa desse campo. À luz da análise da trajetória brasileira no campo e da cooperação trilateral como um dos novos arranjos que pautam as relações entre os agentes, a pesquisa busca compreender de que maneira a rearticulação de capitais trazida pela cooperação Sul-Sul impacta na governança da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. / [en] At the turn of the 21st century, the architecture of the international system has undergone important changes in different areas. In international development cooperation arena new modalities, new actors and new relationship dynamics among them have changed the framework and definition of legitimate practices of this system. South-South cooperation consolidated itself as an alternative practice, encompassing a distinct flow than that of comprehended by Official Development Assistance. These changes consolidated new institutional arrangements guiding agents relations in the field of international development cooperation. Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu s theoretical-methodological framework and based on the analysis of the triad doxa, capitals and practices, this thesis argues that global South agents articulated themselves to maximize their capitals in the field, fraying the edges and tensioning the field s doxa. In light of the Brazilian historical trajectory in the field and of the trilateral cooperation as one of the new arrangements guiding relations among agents, this research aims to understand in which way this mobilization of capital advanced by South-South cooperation impacts in the international cooperation for development governance.

Uma proporção significativa dos alunos dos cursos de graduação em Geografia do IGDEMA/UFAL apresenta dificuldades na aprendizagem de Cartografia, particularmente de escala cartográfica linear. Pouquíssimos trabalhos apresentaram situações similares em outras universidades do Brasil e propuseram alternativas mitigadoras, embora com ênfase no curso de licenciatura. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tomou como objetivo desenvolver um procedimento de otimização da aprendizagem de escala cartográfica linear por meio da conscientização e motivação prévias discentes e contrapartidas bilaterais na aplicação de um processo de ensino-aprendizagem junto aos alunos do segundo período de graduação em Geografia do IGDEMA/UFAL em 2013/2. As bases teóricas adotadas para tal foram um conceito da psicologia pedagógica processo educativo trilateral , dois conceitos da teoria socioconstrutivista internalização das funções psicológicas superiores e zona de desenvolvimento proximal e a teoria da andragogia. Coerente com o objetivo e com respaldos das bases teóricas, foi aplicado o método de aula expositiva adaptado à implementação do processo pedagógico. Este processo envolveu a fase de avaliação prévia (exposição e prática preparatórias e posterior diálogo) e a fase de avaliação definitiva (exposições e práticas mais concentradas). Por ser preponderante, a avaliação definitiva precisou atender às exigências de planejamento e procedimentos administrativos, a fim de se minimizar a relativa falta de fidedignidade de seus escores para, em seguida, submeter-se a duas etapas obrigatórias do processo da sua validação. A primeira, que foi a verificação do requisito da validade, se deu por processo qualitativo em prol da representatividade de seu conteúdo mediante o universo Escala Cartográfica e dessa aprendizagem; e a segunda etapa, verificação do requisito da fidedignidade, processou-se pela análise estatística de consistência interna entre seus quesitos. Como a avaliação definitiva atendeu a esses requisitos de validação, as suas medidas de aprendizagem se tornaram confiáveis para os testes de diferenças aplicados conjuntamente com as medidas de aprendizagem similares da avaliação prévia. Assim, obteve-se o nível de êxito do processo pedagógico aplicado. Como resultado, a comparação dos dados das duas avaliações não indicou evolução esperada das notas de cada aluno. Então como causas desse resultado, em função da parte expressiva dos alunos, podem ser citadas: o processo aplicado se revelou ambicioso, a prática de variados exercícios mesmo com auxílio de demonstrações de cálculos revelou-se um desafio e modificações de escala cartográfica se revelaram problemática. Dessa forma, a conclusão é que esse processo de ensino-aprendizagem precisa ser revisto em parte, ou seja, revelam-se necessários procedimentos pedagógicos para esses estudantes ainda dependentes em virtude de fatores limitantes, particularmente a base matemática ineficiente. / A significant proportion of the undergraduates in the geography courses of the IGDEMA/UFAL present learning difficulties, particularly in relation to liner cartographic scale. Very few papers have identified similar situations in other universities in Brazil and have proposed mitigation alternatives, although with an emphasis on teaching degree courses. In this context, this work aimed at developing a learning procedure in order to optimize the learning of linear cartographic scale through awareness development and previous student motivation, as well as through bilateral counterparts in implementing a teaching/learning process focused on the se undergraduates of the second term in the first year of studies in Geography course of the IGDEMA/UFAL program, in 2013/2. The theoretical framework of the study included one concept of the pedagogical psychology trilateral educational process , two concepts of the social constructivist theory internalization of higher psychological functions, and proximal development zone as well as the andragogy theory. In order to be coherent with the study objective and the adopted theoretical framework, the expositive teaching method was used, although adapted to the target pedagogical process. This process involved a prior evaluation phase (presentation and preparatory practices and subsequent dialogue) and the phase of final assessment (presentations and more focused practices). Because it is preponderant, the definitive assessment had to meet planning requirements and administrative procedures, in order to minimize the relative unreliability of the scores, so that it could undergo the two mandatory steps of the process of validation. The first step verification of the validity requirement was implemented through a qualitative process, observing the representativeness of its content, based upon the Cartographic Scale universe and related learning; and the second step, verification of the reliability requirement, was developed through statistical analysis for the internal consistency of the adopted questions. As the final evaluation met these validation requirements, their learning measures were considered to be reliable for testing differences, applied within the similar learning measures of the prior assessment. As a result, the comparative data of both evaluations did not indicate the expected evolution in the students grades. Then, as those results reasons, considering the biggest amount of the students, we may cite: the applied process was too much ambitious, the practice of varied exercises though with calculation demonstrations, could be considered a challenge, and cartographic scale changes seemed to cause problems to them. Hence, the conclusion is that this teaching/learning process needs to be revised in part, which means, pedagogical proceeds might be necessary for those still dependent students, considering these limitation factors, particularly the insufficient mathematics basis.

China is becoming an increasingly important actor in international political and economic relations. The pace of Chinese economic growth triggers a progressively growing demand for natural resources. After launching the "open-door" policy in the Chinese modern history (which attracted the important sources of capital inflows), the Chinese government introduced a "go-out" strategy for the Chinese companies to integrate them into the global structures. This strategy has its direct impacts on developing countries, where the Chinese presence is apparent the most. China is cooperating with all of the developing regions; however, sixty-year long cooperation with Africa is outstanding in many ways. In this continent China has to encounter other traditional actors -- European Union above all, as Africa constitutes a centrepiece in European development cooperation policy. The aim of this master thesis is to describe the shape and evolution of long-term Sino-African relations into today's "strategic partnership", which is being regarded as "rediscovered" in this thesis, and to conclude with the implications for the EU policy. To achieve this, the thesis is divided into three chapters. First chapter deals with the theoretical basis for the shape of Sino-African relations, in broad terms of Chinese foreign policy towards developing countries. The second chapter looks onto actual, mainly economic and developmental, impacts of the Chinese "go-out" strategy on Africa. The thesis indicates the approach of the European Union to the rediscovered partnership.