Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete utfört på ingenjörshögskolan (Maskin), Borås i samarbete med företaget Unitraffic AB. Unitraffic AB utvecklar, tillverkar och marknadsför teknik för trafik- och hastighetsövervakning för den skandinaviska marknaden. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att utveckla en servicelösning samt nykonstruktion för kringutrustning för en genomsnittshastighetsmätare, Trip-Track.Servicelösningen kommer att införas på displayer som visar symptom på läckage. Examensarbetet har också resulterat i ett förslag till en bättre konstruktion på displayhuset samt förslag på nykonstruktioner av kapsling av huvuddator och kapsling för videodisplay. / Uppsatsnivå: C

A leitura dos produtos deixados por uma viagem nos contam várias histórias, mais do que detalhes da expedição, a forma como o registro foi elaborado nos informa mais sobre o autor, o seu tempo, suas ideias, seus laços. A busca por entender uma época, suas contribuições para a história da arquitetura, das artes, das cidades, das perspectivas formadas num espaço de tempo encontra muitos indícios nas narrativas de viagem deixada por seus personagens. O registro de viagem é compreendido aqui não só como causalidade, mas como momento de produção de perspectivas, de transformação e invenção da história. O registro não é interpretado como notação asséptica, mas em toda a sua fatura, suas escolhas representativas e a expressão que delas decorrem. Dentre essas viagens, a pesquisa toca a experiência brasileira, de modernidade e de alteridades. Uma viagem para muitos viajantes, recortamos o ano de 1924, da incursão a Minas Gerais, de um poeta, um escritor, uma pintora e um arquiteto, como ponto em comum, que marca o início de uma trajetória de pesquisa que esteve presente nas viagens de Blaise Cendrars, Mário de Andrade, Tarsila do Amaral e Lucio Costa. Esse marco comum começa a formular visões de um mesmo Brasil, impulsionando ora novas experiências, repetindo o mesmo método, ora pela via da memória, pelo processo reflexivo, que não é, senão, também uma viagem. Interpretar as peculiaridades e a formação de um grupo mais ou menos coeso a partir da participação dos quatro personagens, através da mediação que cada um faz do sistema espaço-registro-experiência. / The reading of the products left by a trip tell us many stories, more than journey details, the way the record was elaborated tell us more about the author, their time, their ideas, their ties. The pursuit for learning an age, its contribuitions for the architecture history, for arts, for the cities, for the perspectives formed in a space of time finds many clues in the trip narratives left by their characters. The travelogues are understood not only as causality, but as moment of forming prospects, of transformation and history invention. The record is not interpreted as an aseptic note não, but in their whole facture, their representatives choices and expressions. Among these trips, the research touches the brazilian experience of modernity and otherness. One trip for many travellers. It was elected the year of 1924, the trip to Minas Gerais, taken by a writer, an intelectual, an painter and an architect, that have a common view which marks the beginning of a research trajectory that has been present in the Blaise Cendrarss, Mário de Andrades, Tarsila do Amarals and and Lucio Costas htrips for many years after these. This common mark begins forming differents views of a same Brazil, propelling either new experiences, repeating the same method, or by the memory way, by the reflexive process, wich is notting but also a trip. Interpret the peculiarities and the formation of a somewhat cohesive group from the four characters participation, through the mediation that each one does about the system: space-recording-experience.

Este trabalho relata e discute resultados obtidos em tentativa para mostrar que a distribuição de notas atribuídas às viagens por segmentos de rodovias, o formato da seção transversal e medidas sobre variáveis que classifiquem o estado ou funcionamento de equipamentos para drenar água de chuva, podem classificar e identificar informações que contribuam na manutenção ou construção de componentes de vias. Estas informações podem tornar possíveis melhorias nos serviços prestados pela superfície de pavimentos ao tráfego de veículos, e, por conseqüência, na qualidade de viagens por rodovias. O processo usado foi identificar e quantificar índices que expressam medidas de solicitação em equipamentos para drenar. O manuseio e análise ele dados adotaram métodos estatísticos para obter parâmetros de conseqüências de obras ou assemelhados que alterem a condução de água. O estudo de caso, usado para obtenção de argumentos que orientaram o trabalho, adotou um conjunto ele rodovias vicinais, localizado próximo à Araraquara, estado ele São Paulo, onde um grupo de pesquisadores levantou dados e analisou qualidade de viagens, pavimentos, geometria e drenagem. / It is related and discussed the results from actions in an attempt to show that the scores to trips on highways, the format of the cross section of highways and surveys on variables that classify drainage equipments can be used to classify information that contributes to maintenance and construction decisions. Measures on variables to explain the state of drainage equipments was taking into account. The variable used to explain the behavior of pavements and quality of trips was the distribution of scores attributed to the highway segments trips by a group of trained appraisers. The statistical technique used to analyze the data was the multiple linear step-by-step regressions. lt is told the application results to a case study on a set of local highway segments near the city of Araraquara, State of Sao Paulo.

The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first was the development of environmental education field trip guides to areas in Cache Valley for teachers in grades three through six that would provide learning activities that cannot be structured in the classroom. Six field trip guides to areas of Cache Valley with accompanying activities and discussion questions were constructed. The guides were tested in the field by three groups of teachers and students and teachers not participating in the field test evaluated the guides for difficulties they would encounter in using the guides. The second study purpose was to determine constraints faced by Cache Valley elementary teachers in using such guides and conducting environmental education programs. This was accomplished by the use of a questionnaire which was given to elementary teachers in Logan City . Although a lack of environmental education guides and materials was apparent, major constraints listed were a lack of transportation and funds and inadequate student supervision.

Orientador: Eduardo Kokubun / Resumo: O deslocamento ativo traz muitos benefícios tanto individuais quanto ambientais, por exemplo, redução da mortalidade, redução da pressão arterial e redução da poluição. Apesar disso, vemos que no Brasil, utiliza-se pouco esse modo de transporte quando comparado a outros países. No caso de Recife, por exemplo, 16% de viagens de bicicleta, longe dos 48% de Amsterdam. O objetivo foi analisar o padrão do deslocamento ativo da Região Metropolitana de Campinas – SP e para tal feitio foram utilizados os dados da pesquisa “Origem-Destino 2003 e 2011 da Região Metropolitana de Campinas”. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e analítico da frequência do deslocamento ativo, fatores associados para ser ciclista ou caminhante por meio da regressão de Poisson, e uma análise descritiva de tendência temporal sobre as características das viagens ativas da RMC. Para a realização dos mesmos, foi utilizado o software Stata 12.0 (StataCorp). A amostra contou com 36.892 pessoas residentes da RMC e 66.362 viagens. Sendo encontrado uma queda entre 2003 e 2011 nas frequências dos ciclistas (2,2% - 1,6%) e suas viagens (3,5% - 2,1%), e para os caminhantes (21,9% - 17,3%) e suas viagens (35,4% - 24%). Sobre as características individuais, para os ciclistas, obteve-se que a cada 1000 habitantes 25,1 são homens, 21,1 adultos jovens e 29,8 provenientes da classe E. Nos caminhantes, a cada 1000 habitantes, 184,4 são mulheres, 367,4 crianças/adolescentes, 413,4 estudantes e 207,9 da classe E. Para os fatores ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Active displacement has many individual and environmental benefits, for example, reduced mortality, reduced blood pressure and reduced pollution. Nevertheless, we see that in Brazil, this mean of transport is not so used when compared to other countries. In the case of Recife, for example, 16% of bicycle trips, far from the 48% of Amsterdam. The objective was to analyze the pattern of active displacement of the Region Metropolitan of Campinas - SP and for that purpose we used data from the research “Origin-Destination 2003 and 2011 of the Region Metropolitan of Campinas”. A descriptive and analytical study of the frequency of active displacement, associated factors to be cyclist or hiker by Poisson regression, and a descriptive analysis of temporal trend on the characteristics of active CMR travel were performed. To perform them, the software Stata 12.0 (StataCorp) was used. The sample included 36,892 residents of RMC and 66,362 trips. A decline between 2003 and 2011 in the frequencies of cyclists (2.2% - 1.6%) and their trips (3.5% - 2.1%), and for hikers (21.9% - 17, 3%) and their travels (35.4% - 24%). Regarding the individual characteristics, for cyclists, it was found that every 1000 inhabitants 25.1 are men, 21.1 young adults and 29.8 from E class. In hikers, each 1000 inhabitants, 184.4 are women, 367.4 children / adolescents, 413.4 students and 207.9 of E class. For the associated factors the discoveries were that lower economic class and male gender are associated wi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Vehicle miles of travel (VMT) is a key indicator of travel demand in the United States. Since 1995 total VMT and VMT per capita has fluctuated, with notable declines in the late 2000s and accelerated increases in the last 7 years. Since 1995, the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) has tracked the household share of total VMT to shed light on the demographic and behavioral data behind personal vehicle travel. The household share of VMT, while still a majority, has declined every NHTS year since at least 1995. Meanwhile, household VMT has stagnated around 2.25 trillion miles since the 2001 survey. With such unprecedented travel demand changes, the current transportation technology revolution, and the climate of uncertainty, it is critical to understand why household VMT is changing and how this might affect future roadway demand. This thesis examines demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors that influence VMT, including both factors with existing research and some untraditional factors, using new data and methodologies.

The more we search outside of ourselves for answers, the less likely we are to be satisfied. Often, however, the external journey brings us closer to who we are as we experience the peaks and troughs of human existence. Ultimately, it is happiness that we seek. The idea and pursuit of happiness is a universal theme and I believe this search for happiness is also a search for home. Whether it is a physical or spiritual place, many of us search for that centre but the answer lies in the journey, not the destination. Using the road trip as the vehicle for this search, I set out across the USA to connect with others who were on the same journey. I photographed people (who had moved from their birthplace for reasons such as love and better opportunities), and landscapes that evoke both home and the journey. The road trip can be an escape from home but also a search for it and so the resulting project became two distinct sections that weave and overlap.

In the context of sustainable development, steelmakers and automotive manufacturers decided for some years now to join their efforts to promote the development and use of advanced high strength steels such as the present TRIP steels in order to reduce the fuel consumption and emission of greenhouse gas. These multiphase steels contain some retained austenite, a ductile phase that can transform into hard and brittle martensite during a mechanical solicitation. One the one hand, this transformation improves the mechanical properties during plasticity by bringing about an additional work-hardening. On the other hand, the appearence of a hard and brittle phase can give rise to premature cracking after necking. Knowing the good influence of martensitic transformation on the work-hardening, this Thesis starts with the characterisation of the relationship between transformation rates and testing conditions. It appears that, for each testing condition, there is an optimum austenite stability that leads to a maximum uniform strain. After necking under monotonic loading conditions, the damage mechanisms that takes place in these steels has been characterised. It can be concluded that the TRIP-aided steels that present low or moderate austenite stability behave exactly like Dual-Phase steels, in which martensite replaces retained austenite. However, a very stable retained austenite brings about a significant toughness improvement by providing an additional work-hardening contribution in the necking zone. The mechanical behaviour of these steels has also been characterised under cyclic loading conditions. The results indicate that, for particular loading conditions (i.e. low load levels), the martensitic transformation improves the fatigue properties.

Introduktionen av AJAX har möjliggjort skapandet av dynamiska webbapplikationer på Internet. Dessa dynamiska webbapplikationer bygger på att skicka data mellan klient och server med hjälp av asynkrona förfrågningar. Detta görs med hjälp av ett serialiseringsformat som används för att kompaktera data och möjliggöra kommunikation mellan olika programmeringsspråk. Binära serialiseringsformat har konsistent visat sig prestera bättre än de textbaserade alternativen på plattformar som tillåter binär transport av data. AJAX är en plattform som endast tillåter textbaserad transport av data. Detta arbete syftar till att jämföra prestandan av textbaserade och binära serialiseringsformat för AJAX med hjälp av bland annat round-trip time. Arbetet har utförts genom att skapa en webbapplikation som utför prestandamätningar med hjälp av olika datamängder med varierande storlek och innehåll. Resultaten visar att binära serialiseringsformat endast skulle kunna vara ett tänkbart alternativ när det rör sig om webbapplikationer som skickar mycket sifferdominant data.

IETF proposes the Differentiated Service(DiffServ) architecture for next-generation QoS networks. The main features of a DiffServ network are high scalability and compatibility. However, lacking of supporting QoS for individual flows becomes a problem. To remedy this problem, we propose an effective TCP transmission (ETCP) scheme based on the characteristics of TCP. The goal of this thesis is to make TCP transmission more effective. Because of the network complexity, we need to modify both the Ingress and Egress nodes. At Ingress node, we measure TCP congestion window(cwnd) and Round Trip Time(RTT), while at Egress node we monitor the throughput and embed a feedback ratio into TCP header of the acknowledge packets. When the throughput is below or over the target throughput, we adjust DSCP dynamically. The adjustment depends on both measured TCP congestion window and RTT. Each DSCP value is mapped with a delay time through Delayed-FIFO. Changing the delay time in Ingress node, we are able to control TCP transmission associated with RTT more effectively. For the purpose of the demonstration, we implement our scheme on Linux platform. We discuss the performance difference between the theoretical and practical results through experiments. Besides, from the implementation, we have shown that our proposed architecture is workable and compatible with today¡¦s network environment.