With narrative method, we investigate what happens with football players from Sweden whenthey go from national football to international football. Because of this profession, therespondents move in what Bourdieu calls the social space (Bourdieu 1986). Narrative methodhas given us a deep insight into our respondent´s experiences as professional football players inone of the five highest ranked leagues in Europe (UEFA 2018). The unstructured interviewsthat we used gave us a good empire. Through this approach, we try to capture the subjectiveexperiences of respondents (Kvale &amp; Brinkmann 2014). The narratives of the respondentsdiffer in many ways, because of their background. This is something we have been given theopportunity to analyze with the unstructured interviews. The payroll increases dramatically, asattitude towards the teammates and the whole device around the individual changes. Ouranalyze can answer that a class trip is conducted when respondents go from national tointernational football. / <p>2018-06-07</p>

Esta pesquisa se baseia em dados obtidos a partir do registro das interações comunicativas entre monitor e alunos, dos ensinos fundamental e médio, envolvidos em atividades realizadas em duas saídas de campo, uma para Cananeia-SP e outra para Paraty-RJ. Entre as várias atividades realizadas, investigamos aquelas mais similares às aulas formais na escola, que compreendem os momentos em que os monitores interagem com os alunos para desenvolver determinados conteúdos, nesse caso, conteúdos relacionados ao ambiente visitado. Esses momentos são denominados de aula de campo. Nosso objetivo foi analisar e caracterizar as diferentes formas em que o conteúdo científico foi trabalhado pelos monitores em trechos de três aulas de campo, considerando os enunciados produzidos (operações epistêmicas) e os objetos introduzidos no discurso. Para isso, investigamos aulas de dois monitores diferentes. Para a análise, foram utilizados três conjuntos de categorias que compreendem a dimensão epistêmica de um sistema analítico proposto por Mortimer, Massicame, Tiberghien e Buty, e adaptado por Silva, sendo feitas algumas alterações para este trabalho. A formulação das categorias foi baseada em concepções como Gênero do Discurso e Linguagem Social de Bakhtin, sendo considerado também o conceito de Práticas Epistêmicas proposto por Kelly. Essas categorias epistêmicas caracterizam alguns aspectos do discurso e da linguagem empregados durante o desenvolvimento do conteúdo; o conjunto operações epistêmicas diz respeito aos enunciados produzidos, designa ações como descrever, generalizar e exemplificar. O conjunto modelagem indica se o discurso está tratando de um objeto ou evento capaz de ser reconhecido no meio material, ou se faz uso de elementos criados por meio do discurso científico. E o nível de referencialidade caracteriza o uso de um referencial específico ou uma classe de referentes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de gravadores de áudio, sendo transcritos para a análise e codificação das categorias. As análises foram organizadas em Mapas de Categorias Epistêmicas e em Mapas de Percentuais de Tempo, por episódio. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, independentemente do conteúdo trabalhado e da operação epistêmica empregada, o mundo dos objetos e eventos predominou em praticamente todo o tempo de discurso; assim, mesmo conteúdos como a adaptação dos organismos foram trabalhados quase que exclusivamente a partir de objetos e eventos, que podem ser, de alguma forma, observados, percebidos ou mensurados. Na maior parte do tempo, o discurso também permaneceu fazendo referência a sistemas específicos, principalmente aos sistemas visitados, mesmo quando os monitores fizeram uso de generalizações conhecidas para descrever elementos daqueles sistemas. De todos os episódios analisados, apenas um teve o objetivo de alcançar uma generalização sobre um evento, e outro tratou de dois eventos a partir de situações hipotéticas que poderiam ser consideradas para qualquer ecossistema similar ao visitado. No entanto, mesmo nessas duas situações, a caracterização geral do ecossistema ou do fenômeno específico foi necessária para o desenvolvimento do conteúdo. A descrição foi a operação epistêmica mais empregada, formando a base da caracterização dos ambientes visitados. / This research is based on data obtained from the recording of communicative interactions between field trip educators and middle to high school students involved in activities on two field trips, one in Cananeia- SP and another in Paraty- RJ. Among the various field trip activities, we investigated those most resembling formal lessons at school, which are the moments in which the educators interact with students in developing a given subject, in this case, related to the visited environment. These moments are called field classes. Our aim was to analyze and characterize the different ways in which the scientific content was developed in three field classes, considering the utterances produced (epistemic operations) and the objects introduced in the discourse. To do this, we investigated classes from two different educators. For the analysis, three sets of categories were used, comprising the epistemic dimension of an analytical system proposed by Mortimer, Massicame, Tiberghien and Buty, and adapted by Silva, with some changes having been made for this work. The formulation of the categories was based on concepts such as Gender Discourse and Social Language, proposed by Bakhtin. We also considered Kelly\'s concept of Epistemic Practices. These \"epistemic categories\" characterize some aspects of the discourse and language employed during the development of content; epistemic operations refer to the enunciations produced, designating actions such as to describe, to generalize and to exemplify. Modeling indicates whether the discourse deals with an object or event that can be recognized in the material medium or uses elements created by the scientific discourse. The level of referentiality pertains to the use of a specific reference or a class of references. Data were collected by means of audio-recordings, which were transcribed for analysis and the coding of categories. Analyses were organized into Maps of Epistemic Categories and Maps of Percentage of Time, per episode. The results showed that regardless of the content and epistemic operation employed, the world of objects and events was prevalent in almost all discourse time, even content such as the adaptation of organisms were dealt with almost exclusively based on objects and events, that could be, somehow, observed, perceived or measured in the material world. Most of the time, the discourse also kept to specific systems, especially the visited ones, even when the educators used known generalizations to describe elements of those systems. From all the analyzed episodes, only one had the goal of achieving a generalization about an event, and another addressed two events from hypothetical situations that could be considered similar to that of any ecosystem. However, even in these two situations, the general characterization of the ecosystem or the specific phenomenon was necessary for the development of content. Description was the predominant epistemic operation, forming the basis of the characterization of the visited environments.

abstract: Numerous studies have examined the attachments individuals have to the places they visit, and that those attachments are formed through experiencing a place in person. This study is unique in that it examines pre-trip place attachment formation via the use of mobile technology and social media. It proposes that media experienced through the use of a participant's smartphone can foster the development of positive emotions, which in turn, facilitates greater mental imagery processing that ultimately influences pre-trip place attachment formation. An experimental design was constructed to examine how text and video on a destination's Facebook page influences an individual's emotions, mental imagery, and subsequently attachment to that destination. Specifically, a 2 (narrative text vs. descriptive text) x 2 (short, fast-paced video vs. long, slow-paced video) between-subjects design was used. A total of 343 usable participant responses were included in the analysis. The data was then analyzed through a two-step process using structural equation modeling. Results revealed no significant influence of textual or video media on emotions although the choice in text has a greater influence on emotions than choice in video. Additionally, emotions had a significant impact on mental imagery. Finally, mental imagery processing had a significant impact on only the social bonding dimension of place attachment. In conclusion, while media had no significant impact on emotions, the effect of previous traveler's retelling of personal accounts on the emotions of potential travelers researching a destination should be examined more closely. Further, the study participants had no prior experience with the destination, yet emotions influenced mental imagery, which also influenced social bonding. Thus further research should be conducted to better understand how potential traveler's image of a destination can be affected by the stories or others. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Community Resources and Development 2013

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse legal provisions on business trips and the related issue of reimbursement of travel expenses. The reason why I have chosen this topic is extraordinary popularity of this institute in practice and an interest to establish to which travel expenses an employee sent on a business trip is entitled. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first - introductory chapter defines key terms used later in the thesis: e.g. an employment relationship and its alteration, agreements on work performed outside an employment relationship, a business trip (abroad), transfer to another place, temporary assignment etc. The second chapter analyses the reimbursement of travel expenses generally. The travel expenses are defined, the role of the conditions of a business trip is explained and a possibility to stipulate the reimbursement of travel expenses is examined also with respect to the agreements on work performed outside an employment relationship. The third chapter reviews the types of travel expenses in detail. In accordance with the Labour Code (hereinafter the "LC") it distinguishes between travel expenses reimbursed by an employer who is not stated in Section 109 Paragraph 3 of the LC and who is stated in this provision. Furthermore, it differentiates between the...

Supondo que as revistas femininas configuram-se como elementos discursivos do dispositivo de sexualidade, a presente pesquisa buscou identificar e comparar as posições de sujeito nas quais as leitoras das revistas Nova e TPM deveriam se reconhecer para ter uma experiência coerente de leitura. Ancorada no pensamento de Foucault e no conceito de modo de endereçamento de Ellsworth, busquei extrair dos textos os diferentes enunciados sobre a sexualidade, que conformariam essas posições de sujeito, tentando entender o que se configuraria hoje como uma forma “normal” de vivenciar a sexualidade, bem como as possibilidades de resistência em relação a essa proposta de normalidade. A hipótese é que, neste período histórico, a norma se deslocou do “como” ou “o que” fazer no âmbito sexual para o próprio fazer.

A imprensa feminina atua na construção de modelos de mulher a partir de uma fala hegemonicamente normativa e pedagógica. Lançada em 2001, a revista Trip para Mulher, a TPM, caracterizada por narradoras que assumem sua presença no texto e compartilham sua intimidade, afirma constituir-se como uma ruptura aos manuais que ensinam como ser mulher e reiteram estereótipos historicamente construídos. Esta pesquisa busca confrontar esta proposta de ruptura de TPM a partir da análise dos sentidos produzidos sobre si mesmas pelas narradoras auto-referentes da revista e dos lugares de fala que elas assumem em seu discurso. Filiado à perspectiva construcionista do jornalismo, este trabalho conjuga o referencial teórico sobre o narrador, da teoria literária a autores que problematizam a narrativa jornalística, com a tradição de pesquisa sobre a imprensa feminina. O referencial metodológico congrega a proposta de análise de lugares de fala e a análise de discurso de tradição francesa. A análise revelou que as narradoras assumem quatro lugares de fala – “eu confidente”, “eu jornalista”, “eu conselheiro” e “eu valorativo” – e constroem imagens de mulher a partir de seis formações discursivas – “ser mulherzinha”, “ser fora do padrão”, “ser sábia e experiente”, “ser dona do próprio destino”, “ser solteira orgulhosa” e “ser repórter aventureira”. As conclusões indicam que, embora TPM promova certas rupturas, converte estas formas de suposta resistência em novos modos de regrar a feminilidade. / The feminine press contributes in the construction of female models from a hegemonially normative and pedagogical discourse. Released in 2001, the Brazilian magazine Trip para Mulher [Trip for Women], also called TPM (a Portuguese-language pun, since TPM in Portuguese stands for pre-menstrual syndrome, or PMS), characterized by female narrators who affirm their presence in the text and share their intimacy with the readers, states that it is a magazine which breaks with those manuals which are aimed at teaching how to be a woman and reinforcing historically built stereotypes. This paper aims at studying such intention expressed by TPM by analyzing the meanings the magazine’s self-referent female narrators express about themselves and the place of speech they take in their discourse. As based on the constructionist perspective of journalism this paper works with a theoretical reference about the narrator from Literary Theory and also from authors who analyze the narrator from a journalistic perspective, specially focusing on the feminine press. The methodological reference of this paper joins the analysis of the place of speech and the discourse analysis of French tradition. The analysis revealed that the magazine’s narrators take four different places of speech – “I as a confessor”, “I as a journalist”, “I as a counselor”, “I as an evaluator” – and they build images of women from six discourse formations – “be a lady-like woman”, “be a social outlaw”, “be the owner of her own destiny”, “be a proud single woman” e “be an adventurous reporter”. Although TPM do breaks with some rules in terms of female stereotypes, the magazine converts these forms of pretentious resistance in new ways of ruling what feminine is.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar um panorama da vida do poeta Murilo Mendes na Europa entre as décadas de 1950 e 1970, através das cartas enviadas por ele a sua irmã Virgínia Mendes Torres. Com base na análise desse conjunto epistolar é possível refazer parte da trajetória do poeta mineiro que transplantado em território estrangeiro atuou nos meios acadêmico, literário e artístico, representando o Brasil e construindo sua própria vertente do modernismo brasileiro. / The current work aims to draw a prospect of the poet Murilo Mendes life in Europe among the decades of 1950 and 1970, through the letters sent by him and his sister Virgínia Mendes Torres. Considering the analysis of that epistolary group is possible to redo part of the poet\'s trajectory that transplanted in foreign territory acted in the academic, literary and artistic means representing Brazil and building his own view of the Brazilian modernism.

Relatam-se e discutem-se resultados obtidos em ações de uma tentativa para mostrar que o formato da seção transversal de rodovias pode ser usado para explicar uma parcela do comportamento de pavimentos e qualidade de viagens em estradas vicinais. Incluiu-se o uso de medidas sobre variáveis para explicação de estado de equipamentos para drenar água das vias. O tipo de variável usada para explicar o comportamento de pavimentos e qualidade de viagens foi a distribuição de notas atribuídas a viagens por segmentos de rodovias por um grupo de avaliadores treinados. A técnica estatística usada para análise dos dados foi a regressão linear múltipla passo a passo. Relata-se resultados de aplicação a um estudo de caso sobre um conjunto de rodovias vicinais próximo à Araraquara, estado de São Paulo. / lt is related and discussed the results from actions in an attempt to show that the format of the cross section of highways can be used to explain the behavior of the pavements and quality of trips in local highways. Measures on variables to explain the state of drainage equipments was taking into account. The variable used to explain the behavior of pavements and quality of trips was the distribution of scores attributed to the highway segments trips by a group of trained appraisers. The statistical technique used to analyze the data was the multiple linear step-by-step regressions. lt is told the application results to a case study on a set of local highway segments near the city of Araraquara, State of Sao Paulo.

Au cours de processus thermomécaniques engendrant une transformation de phase dans les aciers, une déformation plastique importante peut se produire sous l’effet d’une contrainte appliquée, même si celle-ci est plus faible que la limite d’élasticité de la phase la plus molle. Ce phénomène s’appelle plasticité de transformation ou TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP), et peut jouer un rôle important sur le contrôle des procédés de transformation industriels. Par exemple, au cours du refroidissement par trempe de produits semi-finis ou finis (plaques, tôles, roues, ...), ce phénomène peut affecter la planéité des produits plats et engendrer des contraintes résiduelles qui vont affecter la qualité finale de produits finis. Il s’avère donc important de prévoir cette plasticité de transformation induite par un chargement thermomécanique donné. Dans cette thèse, un modèle micromécanique de plasticité cristalline avec transformation de phase a été développé. Il s’appuie sur l’utilisation de la transformée de Fourier rapide (TFR) développée pour des milieux périodiques. L’expansion volumique induite par une transformation de phase de type diffusive (« Greewood-Johnson effet ») est prise en compte dans le modèle afin d’estimer la plasticité de transformation et le comportement mécanique pendant la transformation de phase. Les résultats obtenus par TFR ont confirmé l’existence d’une relation linéaire entre contrainte appliquée et déformation plastique induite par la transformation, lorsque la contrainte appliquée faible (c’est-à-dire inférieure à la moitié de la limite d’élasticité de la phase la plus molle). Lorsque la contrainte appliquée est plus élevée, le modèle prévoit que cette relation linéaire n’est plus valable, même si la déformation plastique de transformation augmente toujours avec la contrainte ; ceci est bon accord avec des observations expérimentales. L’interaction entre paramètres microstructuraux (tels que texture, morphologie et taille de grains, ...) et mécaniques (contrainte de rappel, sensibilité à la vitesse de déformation, ...) a été analysée. Il a été montré que tous ces paramètres doivent être pris en compte dans l’estimation de la plasticité de transformation. L’effet de l’écrouissage cinématique de la phase mère sur l’anisotropie de déformation induite a égalament été discuté. Par ailleurs, les résultats numériques obtenus par TFR ont été comparés à des résultats issus de modèles analytiques existants et à des mesures expérimentales. Compte tenu du bon accord entre résultats numériques et expérimentaux, les résultats obtenus par TFR ont servi référence pour améliorer les modèles analytiques existants ; ces nouveaux modèles simplifiés s’avèrent plus précis que ceux proposés auparavant. / During phase transformation in steels, when stress is applied, significant large strain can be observed even though the applied stress is much smaller than the yield stress of the softest phase. The phenomenon is called Transformation Plasticity or TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP). Transformation plasticity is known to play an important role during steel producing processes. For example, during quenching process of plates, sheets, wheels and gear products, the phenomenon affects their shape and residual stresses which determines the quality of products. In this PhD thesis, a micromechanical model of crystal plasticity with phase transformation is developed. It takes advantage of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) numerical scheme for periodic media. Volume expansion along with phase transformation (Greenwood-Johnson effect) is taken into account in the model in order to evaluate the transformation plasticity and mechanical behaviour during phase transformation. The FFT results confirm linear relation between applied stress and transformation plastic strain, if the applied stress does not exceed a half the value of yield stress of the parent phase. For relatively large applied stresses, transformation plastic strain increases nonlinearly with respect to the applied stress. These results agree well with experimental ones. The metallurgical and mechanical interactions during phase transformation are also analysed, such as texture, grain morphology, grain size, back stress effect and viscoplastic deformation effect. It is shown that they cannot be neglected for estimating transformation plasticity. Among others, the role of kinematic hardening of the parent phase on the resulting strain anisotropy is discussed. Finally, the FFT numerical results have been compared with existing analytical models as well as experimental results. Moreover, these FFT computations have been used as references to develop new approximate analytical models. They are shown to improve on previous proposals. These new models were confirmed that they estimate well the transformation plasticity than other analytical models which have been treated in this PhD thesis.

In recent years, the development of multi-core CPUs and GPUs with many cores has taken precedence over an increase in clock frequency. Therefore, writing parallel programs for multi-core and many-core systems becomes increasingly important. Due to the lack of inherently parallel language features in most programming languages, today many programs are written sequentially and then enhanced with special pragmas or framework calls hinting parallelizable parts of code. This hints are then used to modify and extend the code with parallel constructs in a preprocessing step. If it is crucial to optimize the run time of a program, the code generated by this step has to be inspected an manually tuned. To keep the original and the transformed code artifacts synchronized, an editor with a round-trip engineering (RTE) system can be used. RTE propagates changes made in the source artifacts to the generated artifacts and vice versa. One tool that can be used to expand pragmas to parallelized source code is the invasive software composition framework SkAT. SkAT-based tools use reference attribute grammars (RAGs) to compose code fragments according to a composition program written in Java. To facilitate the creation of SkAT-based tools, a minimal composition system framework SkAT/Minimal on to of the SkAT core contains mechanisms to enable the incremental building of such tools. The principle of island parsing is employed to be able to express just as much of a language as is necessary for composition. In this work, composition systems based on SkAT/Minimal are targeted. The task is split into two parts: first, approaches for RTE are analyzed and a concept for a RTE system is created. The focus lies on the analysis of features and requirements of existing RTE approaches and a thorough investigation of all relevant steps required to implement such a system for SkAT/Minimal. The second part of the task is the creation and evaluation of a prototypical implementation of the system.:1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Scope 2 1.3 Contributions 2 1.4 Organization 2 2 Background 5 2.1 Fundamentals 6 2.1.1 Syntax Trees 6 2.1.2 Parsing and Unparsing 6 2.2 Attribute Grammars 9 2.2.1 Reference Attribute Grammars 10 2.2.2 Reference Attribute Grammars in SkAT 10 2.3 Composition Systems 12 2.3.1 Software Composition Systems 13 2.3.2 Invasive Software Composition 13 2.3.3 SkAT 15 2.3.4 Template-based Code Generation 16 2.4 Round-trip Engineering 17 2.4.1 Motivation For Round-trip Engineering 17 2.4.2 Concepts of RTE 18 3 Analysis of RTE Approaches 19 3.1 Automatic Round-trip Engineering 19 3.2 RTE In Aspect Weaving Systems 21 3.2.1 CST Graftings 21 3.2.2 Update Propagation in Aspect Weaving Systems 22 3.3 RTE in Invasive Software Composition Systems 23 3.3.1 Tracing Composition Program Execution 23 3.3.2 Backpropagation of Changes 24 3.3.3 Implementation in the Reuseware Framework 26 3.4 Managing Fragments in RTE 27 3.5 Evaluation of RTE Approaches 28 4 Tracing in SkAT 31 4.1 Requirements 31 4.1.1 Objectives 32 4.1.2 Functional and Nonfunctional Requirements 32 4.2 Concept 33 4.3 Implementation 34 5 Building an RTE-editor Prototype 37 5.1 Prerequisites 37 5.2 Requirements 39 5.3 Concept 40 5.3.1 AST Interface 41 5.3.2 Composer Interface 41 5.3.3 Generating the Output 41 5.3.4 The Prototype Skeleton 42 5.4 Implementation 43 6 Designing an RTE-editor 49 6.1 Replay 50 6.2 AST Modifications 50 6.2.1 Modification Types 51 6.2.2 Detecting Modification Types 52 6.3 Origin Inference 53 6.3.1 Inference for Updated Elements 53 6.3.2 Inference for Deleted Elements 54 6.3.3 Inference for Inserted Elements 54 6.4 Gap Edit Problem 54 6.4.1 Inference in SkAT 57 6.4.2 Multiple Source Fragments 57 6.5 Applying Modifications 58 6.5.1 Propagating Terminal Updates 60 6.5.2 Propagating Non-terminal Updates 61 6.5.3 Propagating Deletions 62 6.5.4 Propagating Insertions 62 6.5.5 Propagating Composed Modifications 62 6.6 Adapting SkAT Composition Programs 63 7 Evaluation and Outlook on Future Works 65 7.1 Fragment Versioning 65 7.2 Composition Program DSL 66 7.3 Structured Editors 68 7.4 SkAT RTE System 68 Appendices 71 List of Figures 73 List of Listings 75 List of Abbreviations 77 Bibliography 79 CD Content 83