Syftet med denna undersökning är att öka kunskapen om vuxnas lärande av matematik och att förstå vikten av vändpunkter i lärande av matematik. I detta arbete har berättelser från 29 studerande på två folkhögskolor analyserats med en hermenuetiskt inspirerad metod och ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Många av de 29 som studerar på allmän linje på två folkhögskolor har ett problematiskt förhållande till lärande av matematik. Många beskriver att de hade bekymmer med matematiklärande redan under grundskolans första år, för vissa leder dessa bekymmer till ohälsa. I denna undersökning framkommer det att det finns tydliga vändpunkter när det gäller lärande av matematik, då ett gammalt mönster kan brytas. Några orsaker till vändpunkter som nämns i berättelserna är: en ny social miljö, en annan typ av undervisning, gemensam stöttning från behandlingshem och klok lärare i skolan, hemundervisning, nyfunnen inlärningsstrategi, avslutat missbruk, inre motivation mm. I samband med vändpunkterna sker en förändring av inställning till matematikämnet eller den egna förmågan, orsakerna till den förändrade inställning kommer inifrån den studerande själv eller utifrån via exempelvis en lärare. Kunskapen om att dessa vändpunkter finns ger hopp och kan underlätta när det gäller att ställa krav på kvalitativa åtgärder när personer hamnar i svåra inlärningssituationer.Nyckelord: berättelser, folkhögskola, matematik, specialpedagogik, vuxnas lärande, vändpunkter. / The purpose of this investigation is to increase the knowledge of adult learning of mathematics and to understand the importance of turning points in the learning of mathematics. In this study interviews from 29 students at two folk high schools (for adult education) have been analyzed using a hermeneutic inspired method. Many of the 29 that study the “general oriented education” at two folk high schools have a problematic relationship toward learning of mathematics. Many describe that they had “problems/concerns/anxiety” with the learning of mathematics already during the first years of elementary school, for some these “problems/concerns/anxiety” lead to illness. In this investigation it is shown that there are clear turning points when it comes to learning of mathematics, when an old pattern can be broken. Some of the reasons for turning points that are mentioned in these interviews are: a new social environment, a different type of education, common support from treatment centers and wise teachers in school, home schooling, newfound learning strategy, ended drug abuse, inner motivation, amongst others. Knowledge that these turning points exist gives hope and can facilitate when it comes to putting “requirements/demands” on qualitative measures when persons end up in difficult learning situations..

Research in life-course criminology has been studying turning points away from criminality. There is although a limited amount of research that has been focusing on parenthood and especially on fatherhood as a potential turning point. The available studies show mixed results in this topic and the findings suggest that there are factors that can both form and restrict fatherhood as a potential turning point towards desistance. The aim for the present thesis is therefore to get a better understanding of fatherhood as a potential turning point from persistent offending and to examine the role and meaning of fatherhood in the criminal careers of Swedish former criminals. Qualitative method in the form of retrospective semi- structured interviews has been used to collect data and five former offenders that became fathers during their criminal career participated in the study. The data have been analysed with systematic text condensation and the results indicate that the men did not desist after becoming fathers. They did however have both intended and unintended breaks from criminality when their child was born, but the criminal lifestyle was their first choice and their children were put on the second place. Relationships to friends and in some cases to the mother of the child was a restricting factor for fatherhood to become a turning point. Another factor that restricted fatherhood from being a potential turning point was human agency. The men concluded that an offending father can not receive help from society if there is no will for the father to desist.

The purpose of this study has been to gain an understanding of how drug addicts get out of an addiction from the perspective of people who have previously been addicted to narcotics. To achieve the purpose of this study we interviewed former addicts and social workers whose work is to help drug addicts. The interviews with the informants have been semi structured where as we had prepared some open questions but also as the interviews went on we thought of follow up questions to ask. The analysis was conducted with three theories: the turning point, natural recovery and social bond. The results show that there are different ways to reach a turning point when you decide to quit the habit and then there are various factors that facilitate a person of getting out of an addiction that also prevent relapse. Furthermore, the results show that their own perspective on what mattered the most during their way out of an addiction was the support of people who had gone through the same process of changing their lifestyle. They found that fellowship is essential to recovery and relapse prevention.

This dissertation was centered on how the theory 'turning points' explained African American coaches ascension to Head Football Coach at a NCAA Division I FBS school. This work (1) identified traits and characteristics coaches felt they needed in order to become a head coach and (2) described the significant events and people (turning points) in their lives that have influenced their career. This study employed a Constant Comparative method in which participants answered interview questions designed for them to elaborate on their educational and athletic careers, and those events and people who were major influences in their careers. Commonalities and discords from participant responses resulted in the discovery of five major themes. The themes identified were: Faith, Family, Graduation from college and participation in sport, Joining professional associations, and Previous coaches/administrators worked for/under. The identification and explanation of specific turning points suggest a blueprint for African American assistant coaches aspiring to become a head coach while also providing opportunities for current athletic administrators to increase their attempts at expanding their own networks to include more African Americans as strong candidates for potential open positions for Head Football Coach.

To remain competitive in today’s demanding economy, there is an increasing demand for improved productivity and scrap reduction in manufacturing. Traditional manufacturing metal removal processes such as turning and boring are still one of the most used techniques for fabricating metal products. Although the essential metal removal process is the same, new advances in technology have led to improvements in the monitoring of the process allowing for reduction of power consumption, tool wear, and total cost of production. Replacing used CNC lathes from the 1980’s in a manufacturing facility may prove costly, thus finding a method to modernize the lathes is vital. This research focuses on Phase I and II of a three phase research project where the final goal is to optimize the simultaneous turning and boring operation of a CNC Lathe. From the optimization results it will be possible to build an adaptive controller that will produce parts rapidly while minimizing tool wear and machinist interaction with the lathe. Phase I of the project was geared towards selecting the sensors that were to be used to monitor the operation and designing a program with an architecture that would allow for simultaneous data collection from the selected sensors at high sampling rates. Signals monitored during the operation included force, temperature, vibration, sound, acoustic emissions, power, and metalworking fluid flow rates. Phase II of this research is focused on using the Response Surface Method to build empirical models for various responses and to optimize the simultaneous cutting process. The simultaneous turning and boring process was defined by the four factors of spindle speed, feed rate, outer diameter depth of cut, and inner diameter depth of cut. A total of four sets of experiments were performed. The first set of experiments screened the experimental region to iii determine if the cutting parameters were feasible. The next three set s of designs of experiments used Central Composite Designs to build empirical models of each desired response in terms of the four factors and to optimize the process. Each design of experiments was compared with one another to validate that the results achieved were accurate within the experimental region. By using the Response Surface Method optimal machining parameter settings were achieved. The algorithm used to search for optimal process parameter settings was the desirability function. By applying the results from this research to the manufacturing facility, they will achieve reduction in power consumption, reduction in production time, and decrease in the total cost of each part.

Manufacturing operations generate revenue by adding value to material through machine work and the cost associated with part production hinders the maximum profit available. In order to remain competitive, companies invest in research to maximize profit and reduce waste of manufacturing operations. This results in cheaper products for the customer without sacrificing quality. The purpose of this research was to identify machine settings of an Okuma LC 40 Turning Center and optimize the cost of machining in terms of tool cost and energy consumption while maintaining part quality at a productive cycle time. Studying the relationship between energy consumption, tool life, and cycle time with the speed and feed settings through statistical Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method will allow the production plant to make profitable financial decisions concerning simultaneous turning operation of forged chrome-alloy steel. The project was divided into three phases; the first phase began with a literature survey of sensors used in current manufacturing research and the adaptation of our sensors to the Okuma LC 40 turning center. Then, phase II used design of experiments to identify spindle speed and feedrate settings that optimize multiple responses related to the turning process. The result was a saving in energy consumption (kWh) by 11.8%, a saving in cutting time by 13.2% for a total cost reduction from $1.15 per tool pass to $1.075 per tool pass. Furthermore, this work provides the foundation for phase III to develop an intelligent monitoring system to provide real-time information about the state of the machine and tool. For a monitoring system to be implemented in production, it should utilize cost effective sensors and be nonintrusive to the cutting operation

Inconel 617 is a nickel-based superalloy whose properties include corrosion and oxidation resistance in high temperature environments. Due to their material properties, Inconel alloys are commonly used in aerospace applications where resistance to high pressure and temperature is required. These properties also cause the material to be hard to machine due to high temperatures in the cutting zone and its tendency to work harden. This paper focuses on improving the surface integrity and tool life for turning of Inconel 617 for use in next-generation nuclear applications. Various machining parameters are tested to improve the finish and tool life such as the feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut. While the machining of popular Inconel grades, such as Inconel 718, have been highly studied and understood, Inconel 617 lacks the knowledge base and research to define how the alloy behaves in machining and how it compares to other grades. Tests on tool coatings confirmed that commercially available coatings are durable enough to withstand the machining of this superalloy in finish turning and determined that AlTiN coatings provide the longest tool life. The investigations performed uncovered the relationship between cutting parameters and their influence on the surface integrity and tool life. MQL deposition was tested and found to be comparable and at times better than conventional flood coolant and may be considered a replacement for coolant after more improvement. This work details the knowledge and experimental procedure used to understand the machining of this superalloy. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / The purpose of this research is to develop an understanding of the machining of Inconel 617 for next-generation nuclear reactors. Canada’s plan to phase out coal-fired plants and deploy new nuclear reactors is contingent on being able to manufacture the necessary components. Inconel 617 is slated to be used in these high temperature, corrosive environments due to its high strength in elevated temperatures and its resistance to corrosion. However, since the material is a recent addition to the list of compatible materials, not much research has been performed on the manufacturing of this superalloy. Factors like cutting speed, coolant, and tooling were investigated and understood with the aim of improving the cost and time associated with manufacturing these nuclear grade components.

Super duplex stainless steels are applied in highly corrosive environments. To withstand such conditions, they designed with increased content of alloying elements and a duplex microstructure consisting of austenitic and ferritic phases. The result of this combination is the desired improvement in corrosion resistance, but also, the enhancement of mechanical properties. Machining super duplex stainless steels involves strain hardening of the workpiece, intense adhesive wear and elevated temperatures within the cutting zone leading to rapid tool wear and poor machined surface integrity. This research pertains to the application of commercially available PVD coatings to minimize the detrimental effects when turning super duplex stainless steel S32750. The selected coatings for this study were Alcronos (AlCrN), Alnova (AlCrN + AlCrSiN), Formera (CrN + CrAlTiN), Croma Plus (Cr + CrN + OX), Fortiphy (CrN) and Certiphy (TiAlN). The wear behavior and mechanisms in two distinct machining experiments were evaluated, and all tools failed by chipping preceded by intense adhesive wear and BUE formation. The use of AlCrN coatings improved tool life significantly. Data on the cutting force, chip formation, and workpiece surface integrity indicate less workpiece strain hardening effects, improved friction conditions at the tool/chip interface, as well as thinner chips being formed when machining with Alcronos coated carbide inserts. The micro-mechanical properties of the selected coatings were assessed and Alcronos combined high hardness and elastic modulus with a high plasticity index value that allows this coating to better manage the friction in the cutting zone and better dissipate the energy generated during cutting. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / Super duplex stainless steels are designed to be applied in highly corrosive environments. Like any other stainless steels, processing the super duplex grade can be challenging, especially when it comes to machining. The major causes of poor machined surface quality and rapid tool wear are high temperature, the workpiece enhanced mechanical properties, surface hardening and the tendency to stick to the cutting tool causing adhesive wear. This research explores the application of coated cutting tools to improve the machinability of the super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750. Different commercially available coatings were tested and two, Alcronos and Alnova, improved tool life significantly. These two coatings were capable of improving the friction conditions within the cutting zone which, in turn, helps with the formation of the chips and leads to a better machined surface integrity and an approximately 5 to 6 times longer tool life.

Min undersökning syftar till att undersöka hur genus skapas i den nyaste Disneyfilmen med kvinnlig karaktär – ”Turning red” (2022). Uppsatsen undersöker även hur tidigare Disneyprinsessor gestaltats i film, och hur protagonisten i ”Turning red” – Mei Mei gestaltas. Jag valde att undersöka detta eftersom det finns mycket forskning kring Disneyprinsessor och dess stereotypiska uttryck i film och sagor, och jag ville därför ta reda på hur den nyaste filmens kvinnliga karaktär gestaltats. Jag ville undersöka om det fanns samma stereotypiska uttryck, eller om nya tillkommit. Jag ville med detta ta reda på om stereotypiska uttryck och könsroller var gömda i filmen, och hur dessa formades. Detta är viktigt att ta reda på eftersom genusskapande i filmer påverkar hur vi i samhället skapar genus, och vice versa. Något som särskilt är viktigt att uppmärksamma i Disneyfilmer eftersom de är otroligt populära och dessutom de som visar barn en fantasivärld – som de tolkar som verklighet. Jag har använt mig av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att undersöka detta, och har utfört en tematisk analys med en abduktiv ansats och en hermeneutisk kunskapssyn. Resultatet visade att ”Turning red” innehöll könsterotypiska budskap, även om det också fanns en del nyanserade egenskaper hos Mei Mei. Resultatet visade också att genusskapande i samhället hänger ihop med hur genuskapande visas i film. / My research aims to examine how gender is created in the newest Disney film that contains a female character - "Turning red" (2022). The essay examines how previous Disney princesses have been portrayed in film, and how the protagonist in "Turning red" - Mei Mei - is shaped. I chose to investigate this because there is a lot of research about Disney princesses and their stereotypical expression in movies and fairy tales, and I wanted to find out how the female character of the newest movie had been portrayed. I wanted to investigate if the same stereotypical expressions existed, or if new ones were added. I also wanted to investigate whether stereotypical expressions and gender roles were hidden in the movie, and how these were shaped. This is important to investigate because gender-shaping in movies affects how we in society creates gender, and vice versa. Something that is especially important to pay attention to is Disney movies because they are incredibly popular. They are also those that shows children a fantasy world – which they perceive as reality. I have used a qualitative content analysis to investigate this and have carried out a thematic analysis with an abductive approach and a hermeneutic view of knowledge. The result showed that "Turning red" contained gender stereotypic messages, although there were also some nuanced characteristics of Mei Mei. The result also showed that gender creation in society relates to how gender creation is shown in movie.

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