Este estudo teve como objetivos identificar os tipos psicológicos mais recorrentes no grupo de atletas analisados e verificar a influência do treinamento psicológico nos estados de humor e desempenho técnico. A amostra foi composta por 17 atletas de basquetebol de alto rendimento, componentes de duas equipes que disputaram os Jogos Regionais de São Paulo, em 2007. Cada equipe realizou seis jogos no referido campeonato.As equipes foram divididas em grupo experimental (equipe A com treinamento psicológico n=9) e grupo controle (equipe B sem treinamento psicológico n=8). Ambas as equipes responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: QUATI (para identificação dos tipos psicológicos), aplicado uma única vez um mês antes da competição e BRAMS (versão brasileira do POMS), que foi aplicado em quatro momentos diferentes (um mês e uma semana antes da competição, e 1º. e 3º. jogos). A essas equipes também foi aplicado o Índice de Eficiência Técnica (adotado pela Confederação Brasileira de Basketball) nos jogos da referida competição. Para o tratamento dos dados foram utilizadas ANOVA e Coeficiente de Correlação de Postos de Spearman.A equipe A foi submetida ao treinamento psicológico baseado no programa desenvolvido por SUINN (1988). Os resultados apontaram que houve uma predominância do tipo psicológico voltado ao pensamento na equipe A, enquanto que na equipe B os tipos predominantes foram sensação e intuição. Houve um equilíbrio entre as atitudes de introversão e extroversão nas duas equipes. Em relação aos estados de humor, a equipe A apresentou os estados negativos (tensão, depressão, raiva, fadiga e confusão) abaixo do percentil 50 nos momentos 3 e 4 e acima desse percentil nos momentos 1 e 2. Já o estado de humor positivo (vigor) esteve acima do percentil 50 durante todo o período competitivo. Na equipe B, os estados de humor negativos estiveram acima do percentil 50 durante toda a competição, exceto a tensão nos momentos 2, 3 e 4. O estado de humor positivo (vigor) obteve os mesmos índices apresentados pela equipe A. Ao correlacionar-se os estados de humor com os índices de eficiência técnica não foram observados resultados significantes para a equipe A, enquanto que a equipe B apresentou uma forte correlação negativa entre o estado de humor confusão e o índice de eficiência do terceiro jogo (-0,90). Apesar da curta duração do trabalho realizado pode-se considerar que o treinamento psicológico teve sua contribuição na melhora dos níveis de estados de humor dos atletas e não houve correlação significante entre os estados de humor e o índice de eficiência técnica para a equipe A. / The purposes of this study were to identify the most frequent psychological types among a group of high level athletes and to verify the influence of psychological training in mood states and technical performance of those athletes. The sample were composed by 17 high level basketball players, competing for two teams at Regional Championship in the State of São Paulo, in 2007. Each team played six games at this tournament. The teams were divided in two groups: Team A (experimental group with psychological training program n=9) and Team B (control group without psychological training program n=8). Both teams answered the following inventories: QUATI (for the identification the psychological types - just one month before competition); BRAMS (Brazilian version of POMS in four different moments: one month and one week before competition and before first and third games during competition). The teams were also assessed by a Technical Efficienfy Index (EFI - adopted by Brazilian Basketball Confederation) during all games. Data analysis were made using ANOVA and Spearman Rank Correlation. The Psychological Trainning Program was based on SUINN (1988). The results showed a predominance of psychological type thought in team A, while psychological types sensation and intuition were predominant in team B. In both teams the functions introversion and extroversion were present at the same level. Concerning mood states, team A presented all negative factors (tension, depression, anger, confusion and fatigue) bellow percentile 50 in moments 3 and 4 and above this percentile in moments 1 and 2. The positive factor vigor was above percentile 50 all time long. In team B, the negative mood states were above percentile 50 all over the competition, except factor tension in moments 2, 3 and 4. The factor vigor presented the same level as team A. There wasn´t significative correlation between each mood state and technical performance index for both teams during the games, except for team B for the factor confusion and EFI at third game. Despite of brief duration of realized work it is possible to consider that the psychological training had your contribution in levels of mood states improvement the athletes and there wasn´t significative correlation between each mood state and technical performance index for team A

Cette thèse propose et étudie de nouveaux systèmes déductifs mêlant calculs et déductions. La déduction modulo est un premier formalisme qui traduit un pouvoir calculatoire grâce à un système de réécriture. Nous présentons un paradigme dual appelé superdéduction qui traduit un pouvoir déductif par de nouvelles inférences. Ces pouvoirs calculatoires et déductifs modifient la représentation des preuves et leur interaction par les processus d'élimination des coupures. La normalisation forte ou l'admissibilité des coupures ne sont plus garanties et apparaissent alors comme des propriétés intrinsèques des théories représentées sous forme de systèmes de réécriture. Nous démontrons que certains critères permettent d'assurer ces propriétés, notamment en définissant un langage de termes de preuve pour la superdéduction et en étudiant la permutabilité des inférences en calcul des séquents classique. Notre attention est focalisée sur les calculs des séquents classiques et la représentation des preuves dans de tels systèmes. D'autres formalismes connexes sont envisagés, notamment les réseaux de preuve et le focusing. Nous comparons cette dernière approche à la superdéduction, ce qui nous amène à proposer une refonte du paradigme de superdéduction basée sur un système de multifocusing pour la logique classique. Nous en montrons les effets bénéfiques en démontrant la complétude des systèmes déductifs obtenus. / In this thesis we propose and study several deduction systems that mix deduction and computation. Deduction modulo proposes to translate a computational power through a rewriting system. We present the dual concept called superdeduction. It translates a deductive power into custom inference rules that enrich the deduction system. These computational and deductive powers modify the representation of proofs as well as their interaction through cut-elimination processes. Strong normalisation or cut-admissibility may be lost and therefore appear as intrinsic properties of theories represented as rewriting systems. We prove that certain criteria imply these properties by defining a proof-term language for superdeduction and by studying the permutability of inferences in classical sequent calculus. Our attention is focused on classical sequent calculi and on the representation of proofs in such systems. Other related paradigms are considered, namely proof-nets and focusing. We compare this latter approach with superdeduction. We consequently reforge the superdeduction paradigm on top of a multifocusing system for classical logic. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach by proving the completeness of the obtained deduction systems.

The diploma thesis deals with the orthography problems and the use of Czech language overview worksheets for the 5th grade of primary school. The thesis is divided into three parts. The theoretical part contains the definition of the subject matter in RVP ZV, the definition of orthography, its meaning, spelling functions and principles, types of spelling exercises, their classification and correction. A discussion of new changes and approaches in contemporary orthography is also in the theoretical part. The research part of the thesis contains a pilot verification of the Czech language overview worksheets and asks several questions. The aim was to find out the pupils' attitude to orthography, to reveal their most common spelling mistakes and to verify whether there was an improvement in the spelling while pupils were using the Czech language overview worksheets for the 5th grade of primary school. The practical part of the thesis contains created overview sheets for the 5th grade of elementary school.

Somatic cell nuclear reprogramming (SCNR) by eggs is a way to forcibly transform the nuclei of terminally differentiated somatic cells to an embryonic state and gain totipotency (Gurdon et al., 1958). Additionally, induced pluripotency is applied to transform identities of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells by overexpression of combinatorial Yamanaka factors (iPS, Takahashi et al., 2006). Although both approaches aim to derive cells with highest plasticity, the mechanisms and differences between these procedures are not yet clear. In my thesis, I used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and RNAseq plus 5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate (BrUTP) pulldown to evaluate the transcriptional reprogramming by maternal factors and overexpressed transcription factors during SCNR by Xenopus oocytes, which are inactive in DNA replication and cell division. QPCR measures changes in the steady-state levels of transcripts within 2 days of nuclear transfer to Xenopus oocytes (Oocyte-NT). Three pairs of Yamanaka factor homologs were tested by QPCR and Yamanaka factor homologues regulated similar sets of pluripotency genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Pioneer factor mFoxA1 could not up-regulate most pluripotency genes and their binding targets of neurogenic genes in MEFs while pioneer factors are proposed to bind to their targets even if they may reside in inaccessible chromatin. This shows that the existence of other factors is needed at specified developmental stages. Hence, gene activation by transcription factors in the Oocyte-NT system requires not only corresponding binding on regulatory elements of linked genes but transcription cooperators to exert effective gene activation. Additionally, RNA-seq plus BrUTP pulldown measures the extent to which oocytes change the transcriptional activity of nuclei transplanted to oocytes. Through RNA-seq plus BrUTP pulldown, I compared the reprogrammed transcriptomes of embryonic and somatic cells, including mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts and mouse myoblasts, to demonstrate the effects of maternal factors and overexpression of transcription factors on gene activities during SCNR by oocytes. Importantly, I find that maternal factors of oocytes and the overexpression of transcription factors exert different strategies to reprogram somatic cells. Oocyte factors reprogram the donor cell nuclei to an oocyte-steady state except for the SCNR resistance genes and xklf2-HA overexpression enhances expression of reprogrammable genes and activates SCNR resistance genes.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries / Department: Computer Science.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une théorie de types pour le λ-calcul linéaire-algébrique, une extension du λ-calcul motivé par l'informatique quantique. Cette extension algébrique comprend tous les termes du λ-calcul plus leurs combinaisons linéaires, donc si t et r sont des termes, α.t+β.r est aussi un terme, avec α et β des scalaires pris dans un anneau. L'idée principale et le défi de cette thèse était d'introduire un système de types où les types, de la même façon que les termes, constituent un espace vectoriel, permettant la mise en évidence de la structure de la forme normale d'un terme. Cette thèse présente le système Lineal , ainsi que trois systèmes intermédiaires, également intéressants en eux-même : Scalar, Additive et λCA, chacun avec leurs preuves de préservation de type et de normalisation forte. / The objective of this thesis is to develop a type theory for the linear-algebraic λ-calculus, an extension of λ-calculus motivated by quantum computing. This algebraic extension encompass all the terms of λ-calculus together with their linear combinations, so if t and r are two terms, so is α.t + β.r, with α and β being scalars from a given ring. The key idea and challenge of this thesis was to introduce a type system where the types, in the same way as the terms, form a vectorial space, providing the information about the structure of the normal form of the terms. This thesis presents the system Lineal, and also three intermediate systems, however interesting by themselves: Scalar, Additive and λCA, all of them with their subject reduction and strong normalisation proofs.

Medvetenheten kring hållbarhet har ökat och blivit allt viktigare både för kunder men också för samhället i stort. Därför har också vikten för företag att kommunicera sitt hållbarhetsarbete ökat. För att möta kundernas behov bör man därför som företag veta vilka attityder till, och vilken typ av hållbarhetsarbete som kunderna vill ha och förväntar sig. Detta är inte minst viktigt för modeföretag då branschen kännetecknas av ökad konsumtion och snabbare trender men samtidigt står inför globala och miljömässiga utmaningar. Syftet med studien är att erhålla ökad kunskap om modekunders attityder till hållbarhet i textilbranschen generellt och kunder till företaget Monki specifikt, samt att undersöka hur dessa kunder vill ta till sig hållbarhetskommunikation. Utifrån syftet och Monkis intresse ämnar studien att besvara frågan om vilka attityder Monkis kunder har till hållbarhet och om deras attityder skiljer sig gentemot andra modekunders attityder. Studien avser också att besvara hur kunderna vill ta till sig hållbarhetskommunikation och om det finns attitydskillnader till hållbarhet inom Monkis kundgrupp. Empirin som verkar som underlag till analysen vilken i sin tur ämnar uppnå syftet, är insamlad med hjälp av enkäter vilka totalt 100 respondenter besvarat. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats med utgångspunkt ifrån den teoretiska referensramen som behandlar områdena; attityder, modekonsumenter samt grön marknadsföring. Resultatet från enkätstudien visar att samtliga respondenter är relativt enstämmiga i dess attityder till hållbarhet, dock är Monkis kunder något mer skeptiska till textilföretagens hållbarhetsarbete och har i något större grad än övriga kunder en önskan om att textilföretag skall arbeta mer för hållbarhet än de gör idag. Resultatet visade också att kunskaperna i ämnet är spridda hos respondenterna generellt och gällande hållbarhetskommunikation var respondenterna mest intresserade av att få information av den karaktären kommunicerat via bilder och visuella intryck från företagens butiker. Studiens slutsatser är att det finns en viss skillnad mellan Monkikundernas attityder till hållbarhet och övriga kunders. Det gick också att urskilja olika kundtyper inom Monkis kundgrupp som hade olika attityder. Utifrån studiens empiri, analys och slutsatser togs det fram rekommendationer till Monkis fortsatta hållbarhetsarbete, men också till modeföretag generellt gällande hållbarhetskommunikation. Dessa var att agera tydligt och förklarande via visuell hållbarhetskommunikation genom företagets butiker. The awareness of sustainability has grown and become increasingly important both for customers but also for the society at large. Because of this, the importance for companies to communicate their sustainability efforts has become essential. To meet the customers’ needs the companies have to determine which attitudes their customers have to sustainability and also which types of sustainability effort that is expected. This is particularly important for fashion companies since the textile industry are characterized by increased consumption and fast-fashion but at the same time facing global and environmental challenges. The purpose of this study is to obtain more knowledge about fashion consumers’ attitudes towards sustainability in the textile business in general and consumer to the fashion company Monki in specific and also to explore how these customers prefer to acquire sustainability communication. Based on the purpose and Monkis interest the study tends to answer questions such as which attitudes towards sustainability Monkis consumers have and how they differ from other fashion consumers’ attitudes and also how the consumer wishes to acquire sustainability communication. The study also intends to answer if there are differences in attitudes within Monkis customer group. The empiric that acts as a basis for the analysis, which in turn intends to achieve the purpose, was gathered using surveys, which a total of 100 respondents answered. The collected empirical data has been analysed on the basis of the theoretical framework, which covers the areas of: attitudes, fashion consumers and green marketing. The result of the survey show that all respondents are fairly united in their attitudes to sustainability, however the result also showed that Monkis customers where more sceptical of the fashion companies sustainability efforts today and had a greater desire that the companies would work more with sustainability. The result also showed that the knowledge of sustainability was scattered among the respondents, and if sustainability communication was used the respondents preferred to receive the information visual through images from the companies stores. The conclusion of the study was that there was a difference between Monkis customers’ attitudes and other customers’ attitudes to sustainability. It was also possible to distinguish that different customer types within Monkis customers group had different attitudes. Based on the study´s empirical data, analysis and conclusion there were made a few recommendations to Monkis future sustainability effort, but also to textile companies in general concerning sustainability communication. These were to communicate clearly and explanatory via visually concepts through their stores. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

As aulas expositivas dialogadas são aquelas nas quais os professores dialogam com os alunos, atuando como mediadores dessas aulas. O diálogo é um dos momentos em que pode ocorrer o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Neste trabalho, foi analisada uma aula expositiva dialogada que foi ministrada 2 vezes pela mesma professora do 1º ano do ensino médio regular de uma escola pública da zona oeste da cidade de São Paulo. Nessa aula, foi realizada a correção de exercícios de uma ficha de atividades sobre dinâmica populacional. Essa ficha fazia parte de uma sequência de ensino investigativa (SEI) que incluía algumas atividades. As aulas foram áudio-vídeo gravadas, transcritas e analisadas sob o ponto de vista de 3 aspectos de 2 referenciais metodológicos, que foram os tipos de iniciações/perguntas (MEHAN, 1979) e os padrões de interação e a abordagem comunicativa (MORTIMER E SCOTT, 2002). Esses referenciais foram combinados uns aos outros para que a nossa análise ficasse mais completa. Os padrões de interação foram associados aos tipos de iniciações e os mesmos padrões foram analisados individualmente, seja em relação aos padrões triádicos, não triádicos abertos ou fechados. A abordagem comunicativa também foi analisada individualmente. Nossa hipótese inicial era que iniciações de metaprocesso desencadeariam sequências de interação mais longas e interativas. Porém, nossa hipótese não foi confirmada e constatamos que iniciações mais simples como as de escolha e de produto desencadearam sequências de interação mais longas. Em relação aos padrões de interação, a maioria era de não triádicos fechados, o que mostrou que a aula foi bem dinâmica e interativa e essa interação terminava com uma avaliação da professora, na maioria das vezes. Em relação à abordagem comunicativa, a interativa de autoridade foi a presente na maioria do discurso, demonstrando que o objetivo da professora era ouvir os pontos de vista dos alunos e encaminhá-los para o ponto de vista da ciência escolar. A abordagem interativa dialógica também esteve presente em algumas partes do discurso quando não havia avaliação das falas dos alunos pela professora. / The expository - negotiated lessons are those in which teachers interact with their students, becoming mediators. This interaction is one moment that can happen the teaching and learning process. This research analysed a expository - negotiated lesson that was given twice by the same teacher from a public school in the west zone of São Paulo. In this lesson, the teacher was correcting questions from activities form about population dynamics. This form was part of a didactic sequence with some activities. The lessons were recorded, transcribed and analysed in 3 aspects of 2 methodological standards: inicialization / questions types (MEHAN, 1979); interaction patterns and communicative approach (MORTIMER E SCOTT, 2002). These standards were combined in order to become our analysis more complete. The interaction patterns were associated to the inicialization types and the same patterns were analysed individually, in relation to the triadic and non triadic patterns. There were 2 types of non triadic patterns: the open and the closed ones. The communicative approach was also analysed individually. Our initial hypothesis were that metaprocess initiations could trigger longer and interactive interaction patterns. But our hypothesis was not confirmed and we establish that more simple initiations like choice and product types triggered longer interaction patterns. In relation to interaction patterns, most of them were closed non triadic, which meant that the lesson was very dynamic and interactive. And this interaction ended with a teacher evaluation most of the times. With respect to the communicative approach, the interactive of authority was present in most of all discourse, showing that the teacher aim was listen the students point of view to take them to the educational science point of view. The dialogical interactive communicative approach was present in some discourse parts when the teacher did not evaluate the students speeches.

O seguro é abordado de forma pouco detalhada pela doutrina. A figura do beneficiário no seguro é ainda menos estudada, tendo em vista que, por se relacionar tanto a questões típicas de direito securitário, como de direito de família e sucessões, acaba não sendo analisada de forma profunda, nem pelos estudiosos de direito securitário e, tampouco, pelos de direito de família e sucessões. O objetivo da presente dissertação é traçar os principais aspectos relacionados ao contrato de seguro, desde a sua origem e evolução histórica, natureza jurídica, conceito, elementos e partes, à luz da legislação securitária, tanto no âmbito civil como no âmbito regulatório (Superintendência de Seguros Privados SUSEP e Conselho Nacional de Seguros Privados CNSP), para então, demonstrar as espécies e as coberturas securitárias nas quais pode surgir a figura do beneficiário. O estudo do tema estará limitado ao beneficiário de seguro com cobertura de morte, seu conceito, como se dá a sua designação, substituição e renúncia, as pessoas que podem ser beneficiárias (companheira como beneficiária, pessoa jurídica, o nascituro). Será analisada a sistemática do artigo 792, do Código Civil Brasileiro atual, no tocante ao pagamento de indenização securitária na falta de indicação de beneficiário e a polêmica em torno do referido artigo, além de situações como a perda da condição de beneficiário, premoriência e comoriência, a prescrição da pretensão do direito do beneficiário, o suicídio do segurado. Em todas essas situações, a jurisprudência e a doutrina divergem, seja em razão da interpretação dada ao dispositivo legal pertinente (como ocorre na prescrição e no suicídio), seja porque não há previsão específica na lei (como ocorre nos casos de premoriência e comoriência). Para dirimir tal divergência, na árdua tarefa de buscar uma solução equânime às questões práticas expostas, sugere-se, ao final, um projeto de lei para modificar a redação de alguns artigos do Código Civil referentes à matéria. / Jurists provide little in the way of detailed analysis of insurance. The figure of the insurance beneficiary has been studied even less. It is related to typical questions both of insurance law and of family and successions law, and as a result, it has not been thoroughly analyzed by students of either of these branches of the law. The purpose of this dissertation is to trace the key aspects related to insurance contracts, from their origin, looking at changes that have taken place, their legal nature, concept, elements and parties involved, in the light of the insurance legislation both in the civil and in the regulatory sphere (Private Insurance Superintendence - SUSEP and the National Private Insurance Council - CNSP), and subsequently to demonstrate the types of insurance and of insurance coverage in which the figure of the beneficiary may arise. The study of the topic will be limited to beneficiaries of life insurance: the concept of the beneficiary, how they are designated and replaced, how they can waive their position, and who can be a beneficiary (companions, legal entities, unborn children). The implications of Article 792 of the Brazilian Civil Code will be analyzed, in relation to the payment of indemnity when no beneficiary is named and the controversy this article has stirred up, as well as situations such as the loss of the status of beneficiary, predeceasing and simultaneous death, the statute of limitations affecting beneficiaries claims, and the suicide of the insured. In all these situations, case law and jurists diverge, whether because of the interpretation given to the pertinent legal device (as in the case of statute of limitations and suicide) or because there is no specific provision in the law (as in the case of predeceasing and simultaneous death). It is no easy task to find a fair solution to these practical issues. In conclusion, as a way of settling the differences identified, the dissertation proposes a draft law amending the wording of certain relevant articles in the Civil Code.

In 2000, Hong Kong had a major educational reform, which aimed to address the inadequacies of the previous education system in order to enable the majority of Hong Kong’s population to achieve lifelong learning and an all-round education. These are also the overall aims of education in Hong Kong for the 21st century. A new education structure and new curricula for primary and secondary schools were some of the focuses of the reform. The tourism and hotel industry is one of the four pillar industries in Hong Kong. As a growing service industry, it relies heavily on the quality of their employees and the stability of manpower. However, this industry has been facing difficulties in recruiting and retaining qualified employees. Many studies have been conducted to discover the ideal employability competency and to develop strategies to attract and retain the right employees. Through the study of employability theories and in-depth interviews with education practitioners in the tourism and hotel industry, this research study links-up two knowledge areas of employability competency for the tourism and hotel industry and the generic competency development in primary and secondary school education in Hong Kong. The results reveal that previous studies have not resolved human capital problems, because these problems are rooted in the incompetence in generic skills, values and attitudes of individuals. This study highlights the foundational role of generic competency in employability. It proposes that a generic competency, which has to be nurtured from a young age, is essential for employability. The findings inspired an extended concept of employability and contributed to a new generic competency structure. For primary and secondary school education, this study proposes the incorporation of a refined generic competency component in the school curriculum, along with strategies to mitigate possible barriers of implementation. The proposed employability structure can also be used by employment consultation services or serve as a recruitment, training, development and retention guide in the tourism and hotel industry. These proposals could nurture new generations with the required employability competency for the tourism and hotel industry, meeting the challenges of the 21st century.