Fires in buildings ranging in size from small residential houses to large office buildings and sports stadiums pose significant threats to human safety. Many advances have been made in the area of fire behaviour modeling and have lead to much safer, and more efficient fire protection engineering designs, saving countless lives. Fire, however, is still a difficult phenomenon to accurately model and the most important quantity used to describe a fire is the heat (energy) release rate (HRR). Predictions of the fire hazard posed by mattresses, using relatively simple modeling techniques, were investigated in this research work and compared to full-scale experimental results. Specifically, several common methods of predicting the HRR from a mattress fire were examined. Current spatial separation guidelines, which exist in order to mitigate fire spread between buildings, were used to predict radiation heat flux levels emitted by a burning building and compared to experimental results measured in the field. Enclosure ceiling temperatures, predicted using the Alpert temperature correlation, and average hot gas layer temperature predictions were also compared to experimental results. Results from this work indicate that the t-squared fire heat release rate modeling technique combined with the common Alpert ceiling temperature correlation, provide a reasonable prediction of real-life fire temperatures as results within 30% were obtained. The cone calorimeter was also found to be a useful tool in the prediction of full-scale fire behaviour and the guidelines used for spatial separation calculations were found to predict the radiant heat flux emitted by a burning building reasonably well.

Fires in buildings ranging in size from small residential houses to large office buildings and sports stadiums pose significant threats to human safety. Many advances have been made in the area of fire behaviour modeling and have lead to much safer, and more efficient fire protection engineering designs, saving countless lives. Fire, however, is still a difficult phenomenon to accurately model and the most important quantity used to describe a fire is the heat (energy) release rate (HRR). Predictions of the fire hazard posed by mattresses, using relatively simple modeling techniques, were investigated in this research work and compared to full-scale experimental results. Specifically, several common methods of predicting the HRR from a mattress fire were examined. Current spatial separation guidelines, which exist in order to mitigate fire spread between buildings, were used to predict radiation heat flux levels emitted by a burning building and compared to experimental results measured in the field. Enclosure ceiling temperatures, predicted using the Alpert temperature correlation, and average hot gas layer temperature predictions were also compared to experimental results. Results from this work indicate that the t-squared fire heat release rate modeling technique combined with the common Alpert ceiling temperature correlation, provide a reasonable prediction of real-life fire temperatures as results within 30% were obtained. The cone calorimeter was also found to be a useful tool in the prediction of full-scale fire behaviour and the guidelines used for spatial separation calculations were found to predict the radiant heat flux emitted by a burning building reasonably well.

Syntetiska material står idag för merparten av produktionskedjan för textilmaterial globalt. Behovet av biobaserade regenererade fibrer ligger i framkant när det gäller framtida val för produktion av textilmaterial i samband med målen för hållbar utveckling. I Sverige produceras upp till ca 1000 ton ull per år där endast 46% av ullen faktiskt bearbetas. Svensk gotland- och leicester ull har tidigare ansetts vara svåra att spinna till garn på grund av dess långa fibrer och låg filtbarhet. I och med att en stor del av textilindustrin förflyttades utomlands i slutet av 1960-talet försvann också delar av värdekedjan som då fanns tillgängliga för att möjliggöra förädling av den svenska ullen. Flera delar av den textila värdekedjan för svensk ull som saknats håller idag på att återuppbyggas och initiativ och projekt pågår för att utveckla och återupprätta den svenska ull- industrin. I detta arbete jämförs de två svenska ullkvaliteterna gotlands- och leicesterull och karakteriseras på fiber- och garnnivå utifrån sina textila egenskaper för tillverkning av vävt ulltyg, i syfte att användas som möbeltyg. Detta utförs genom att studera beteendet hos olika typer av bindningar i avseende på dess nötningsbeständighet, samt upphov till pilling och luddighet. Resultaten kopplas till de olika garnens styrkeegenskaper, där garner som innehåller leicesterull uppvisade en styrka på över 3000 cN vid brott, vilket visade sig vara högre än motsvarande resultat som erhållits av gotlandsullen. Vikten av bindningstyp som bör användas vid vävning av ulltyger belyses såväl som analysering av de effekterna som slutbehandlingar ger. Vid val av de olika bindningstyperna satin med olika stigningstal - varprips och halvpanama - som testats för sin prestanda, visade sig varprips och halvpanama vara väl lämpade för vävt möbeltyg av ull. Varpripsbindningens konstruktion visade att varptrådarna slits ut vid nötning medan väfttrådarna skyddas underifrån, vilket spelar roll för produktion och utveckling av tyger utifrån ekonomiska aspekter. Alla provkroppar klarade nötningsbeständighet upp till 50 000 varv enligt Martindale-metoden, med undantag för ytliga skador där satinen bildade noppor i ett tidigt skede och påvisade en högre risk till slitage. Dekatering som utfördes visade sig bidra till att ullväven erhöll en högre glans och högre dimensionsstabilitet och anses därmed vara en relevant slutberedning för ullväven. Svedning bidrog till en minskad ytluddighet som önskat. Tvättning i foulard gav bindningarna i väven högre stabilitet till följd av filtningsprocessen men resulterade däremot i en viss oönskad nyansskillnad. / Synthetic materials currently account for the majority of the textile material production chain globally. The need for bio-based regenerated fibers is at the forefront of future choices for the production of textile materials in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. In Sweden, up to about 1000 tons of wool are produced per year where only 46% of the wool is actually processed. Swedish Gotland and Leicester wool has previously been considered difficult to spin into yarn due to its long fibers and low feltability. With the relocation of a large part of the textile industry abroad in the late 1960s, parts of the value chain that were then available to enable the processing of Swedish wool also disappeared. Several parts of the textile value chain for Swedish wool that were missing are now being rebuilt, and multiple initiatives and projects are underway to develop and restore the Swedish wool industry. In this work, the two Swedish wool qualities Gotland and Leicester wool are compared and characterized at the fiber and yarn level based on their textile properties for the production of woven wool fabric, with the aim of being used as upholstery fabric. This is done by studying the behavior of different types of bindings in terms of their abrasion resistance, pilling and linting. The results are linked to the strength properties of the different yarns, with yarns containing leicester wool exhibiting a strength of over 3000 cN at break, which proved to be higher than the corresponding results obtained from Gotland wool. The importance of the bonding type that should be used in the weaving of wool fabrics is highlighted as well as analyzing the effects of finishing treatments. In selecting the different types of satin weave with different pitches, warp faced rep and half-panama, which were tested for their performance, warp faced rep and half-panama proved to be well suited for woven wool upholstery fabrics. The design of the warp binding showed that the warp threads are worn out by abrasion while the weft threads are protected from below, which is important for the production and development of fabrics from an economic point of view. All specimens passed abrasion resistance up to 50 000 revolutions according to the Martindale method, with the exception of superficial damage where the satin formed nubs at an early stage and showed a higher risk of wear. Decatizing was found to contribute to a higher gloss and higher dimensional stability of the wool fabric and is thus considered a relevant final preparation for the wool fabric. Singeing contributed to a reduction in surface fuzziness as desired. Washing in the foulard gave the bonds in the fabric higher stability as a result of the felting process but also left a certain shade difference.