Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-09-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 matos_mp_me_rcla.pdf: 977125 bytes, checksum: e422b07ab1be692b30567b1aa3e1f4eb (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As escolas de samba, um dos símbolos da cultura carioca, são consideradas aqui como um elemento ilustrativo para um entendimento da metrópole carioca enquanto espaço vivido e espaço construído. É um tema bastante explorado por antropólogos e historiadores, mas pouco abordado a partir de sua dimensão geográfica. O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste em revelar a construção, a percepção, a interpretação e a representação do sentido de lugar por parte dos sambistas cariocas. A dinâmica sócio-espacial das escolas de samba é analisada com base nos conceitos de Lugar, Identidade e Imagem Urbana, que servem de suporte teórico-metodológico para a inclusão destas agremiações culturais no debate geográfico. / The Samba's School, one of the symbols from Rio de Janeiro culture, are considered in this work as an illustrative element for an understanding of the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro, whereas a lifeworld and constructed space. This theme is widely explored by anthropologists and historians, however it's not very explored in its geographic dimension. The main goal of this research is to reveal the construction, the percecption, the interpretation and the representation of the sense of place by the samba-players from Rio de Janeiro. The Samba's School dinamic social-space is analysed throughout the concepts of Place, Identity and Urban Image, which serve as theorical-methodologic support, to include these culture associations in the geographical debate.

Orientador: Solange Terezinha de Lima Guimarães / Banca: Fadel David Antonio Filho / Banca: Susana Mara Miranda Pacheco / Resumo: As escolas de samba, um dos símbolos da cultura carioca, são consideradas aqui como um elemento ilustrativo para um entendimento da metrópole carioca enquanto espaço vivido e espaço construído. É um tema bastante explorado por antropólogos e historiadores, mas pouco abordado a partir de sua dimensão geográfica. O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste em revelar a construção, a percepção, a interpretação e a representação do sentido de lugar por parte dos sambistas cariocas. A dinâmica sócio-espacial das escolas de samba é analisada com base nos conceitos de Lugar, Identidade e Imagem Urbana, que servem de suporte teórico-metodológico para a inclusão destas agremiações culturais no debate geográfico. / Abstract: The Samba's School, one of the symbols from Rio de Janeiro culture, are considered in this work as an illustrative element for an understanding of the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro, whereas a lifeworld and constructed space. This theme is widely explored by anthropologists and historians, however it's not very explored in its geographic dimension. The main goal of this research is to reveal the construction, the percecption, the interpretation and the representation of the sense of place by the samba-players from Rio de Janeiro. The Samba's School dinamic social-space is analysed throughout the concepts of Place, Identity and Urban Image, which serve as theorical-methodologic support, to include these culture associations in the geographical debate. / Mestre

No description available.

Urban image analysis is one of the most important problems lying at the intersection of computer graphics and computer vision research. In addition, Convolutional Sparse Coding (CSC) is a well-established image representation model especially suited for image restoration tasks. This dissertation handles urban image analysis using an asset extraction framework, studies CSC for the reconstruction of both urban and general images using supervised data, and proposes a better computational approach to CSC. Our asset extraction framework uses object proposals which are currently used for increasing the computational efficiency of object detection. In this dissertation, we propose a novel adaptive pipeline for interleaving object proposals with object classification and use it as a formulation for asset detection. We first preprocess the images using a novel and efficient rectification technique. We then employ a particle filter approach to keep track of three priors, which guide proposed samples and get updated using classifier output. Tests performed on over 1000 urban images demonstrate that our rectification method is faster than existing methods without loss in quality, and that our interleaved proposal method outperforms current state-of-the-art. We further demonstrate that other methods can be improved by incorporating our interleaved proposals. We also extend the applicability of the CSC model by proposing a supervised approach to the problem, which aims at learning discriminative dictionaries instead of purely reconstructive ones. We incorporate a supervised regularization term into the traditional unsupervised CSC objective to encourage the final dictionary elements to be discriminative. Experimental results show that using supervised convolutional learning results in two key advantages. First, we learn more semantically relevant filters in the dictionary and second, we achieve improved image reconstruction on unseen data. We finally present two computational contributions to the state of the art in CSC. First, we significantly speed up the computation by proposing a new optimization framework that tackles the problem in the dual domain. Second, we extend the original formulation to higher dimensions in order to process a wider range of inputs, such as RGB images and videos. Our results show up to 20 times speedup compared to current state-of-the-art CSC solvers.

The aim of the project is to understand urban constraints through analysis of sites’ deep context and to arrive with a relevant spatial solution. Moreover, we hope that the problems investigated and communicated will be once tackled. The object of analysis is the today image and urban structure of the unappreciated area of Holylands. The proposal is to recognize the favors and the wealth of the neighbourhood. Built originally for the middle-class, the neighbourhood used to be a welcoming area of the city with a strong culture of community and public activity. The analysis of the problem starts with the acknowledging the initial values and follows with the adaptation to the today situation. The scheme is the architectural intervention corresponding to the syntax of the area. The project investigates the neighbourhood in architectural terms and emphasizes the values and need of the community, public space, openness and clarity in the living environment.

Human environment perceptual relationships have significant effects on human psychology in urban spaces. The concepts of urban legibility and imageability concentrate on these relationships and define components to create livable places by organizing the physical structure. However, determining legibility components is not sufficient in order to define whether a place legible or not. This thesis explores Gestalt laws of perception can be used to re-define the relationships among legibility components by setting some guidelines. The main aim of this thesis is to find out how far planning is successful in creating legible environments which is evaluated by legibility guidelines set. The thesis also aims to explore issues that make an environment more readable than others. To this end, &Ccedil / ayyolu district containing several sub-districts which are recently developed by plans are examined in a comparable way. The result of the analyses show that the concepts of legibility and imageability are underestimated in planning practices in &Ccedil / ayyolu which is based on two-dimensional subdivisions of lands and three dimensional determination of bulks of structures. In other words, the &Ccedil / ayyolu district does not provide a legible environment and a whole structure for observers that their psychological needs should be met.

The research has for objective to elaborate lines of direction that subsidize urban legislators and future interventions in marginal edges, being based on conceptual, theoretical beddings and methodological constituent of three methods - technician and existential - applied in the study area. To the procedures strict technician (Method of Reading of the Image of an Urban Area for its Whitewashing) of recognition of the typological morphologic characteristics of the landscape, of the problems and potentialities of the area and the discovery of the identity of the place, is added to the analysis of the experience human being and its capacity of reading of the urban image (Method of Analysis for Images and Method of Perception of the Urban Space), by means of research shows with mental interviews, maps, photographs and the interpretation of these results. The marginal edge of the city of Propriá, area of study, is not only presented while component of the urban landscape, but also for its character of ambient fragility and prominence in the economic and cultural life of the city, besides configuring an area of transition between urban and the natural one in proper, situated marginal city in the micro region of the hinterland of the San Francisco in Sergipe, where the balance of the ambient conditions is basic. It is excellent also for congregating characteristic that they make possible this marginal edge to serve as referential area for magnifying of the research in similar spaces. The general image of the area is gotten by the integration of the methods and interrelates a vision technique to another existential, main difference between the methods. The application of the first cited method allowed to distinguish as area-problem the stretch understood between the commercial center and the beach, for concentrating the biggest urban impediments, as potential area the urban emptiness located in the south extremity and the sheds of the old plants, as area of ambient interest the residential zones, as areas of ambient preservation the urban edge of the river and referential landmarks that give identity to the place. The existential methods, in which the procedures invest in deriving contents of the interpretation of the local inhabitants, make possible to conclude that the inhabitants possess an limited image of the edge, constructed from elements implanted to the long one of the time for diverse projects. Therefore, the methods applied in this research, exactly with its substantial differences, reveal complementary, favoring the analysis amplest of the ambient problematic complexity of the urban one. On the basis of the reached results, the research presents lines of direction that come to contribute with the elaboration of projects and urban plans next to the set of ideas of the sustainability, integrators and of valuation of the social and cultural aspects of each place. / A pesquisa tem por objetivo elaborar diretrizes que subsidiem legislações urbanísticas e futuras intervenções em orlas ribeirinhas, baseando-se em fundamentos conceituais, teóricos e metodológicos constituintes de três métodos - técnicos e vivenciais – aplicados na área de estudo. Aos procedimentos estritamente técnicos (Método de Leitura da Imagem de uma Área Urbana para sua Reabilitação) de reconhecimento das características morfotipológicas da paisagem, dos problemas e potencialidades da área e o desvendamento da identidade do lugar, é adicionada a análise da experiência humana e de sua capacidade de leitura da imagem urbana (Método de Análise Imagética e Método de Percepção do Espaço Urbano), por meio de pesquisas amostrais com entrevistas, mapas mentais, fotografias e a interpretação desses resultados. A orla ribeirinha do município de Propriá, área de estudo, apresenta-se não só enquanto componente da paisagem urbana, mas também pelo seu caráter de fragilidade ambiental e destaque na vida econômica e cultural da cidade, além de configurar uma área de transição entre o urbano e o natural em Própria, cidade ribeirinha situada na microrregião sertaneja do São Francisco em Sergipe, onde o equilíbrio das condições ambientais é fundamental. É relevante também por reunir características que possibilitam esta orla ribeirinha servir como área referencial para ampliação da pesquisa em espaços similares. A imagem geral da área é obtida pela integração dos métodos e inter-relaciona uma visão técnica a outra vivencial, principal diferença entre os métodos. A aplicação do primeiro método citado permitiu distinguir como área-problema o trecho compreendido entre o centro comercial e a Prainha, por concentrar os maiores entraves urbanos; como área potencial o vazio urbano localizado no extremo sul e os galpões das antigas fábricas; como área de interesse ambiental as zonas residenciais; como áreas de preservação ambiental a margem do rio e os marcos referenciais urbanísticos que dão identidade ao local. Os métodos vivenciais, nos quais os procedimentos investem em conteúdos oriundos da interpretação dos habitantes locais, possibilitaram concluir que os moradores possuem uma imagem limitada da orla, construída a partir de elementos implantados ao longo do tempo por diversos projetos. Por conseguinte, os métodos aplicados nesta pesquisa, mesmo com suas substanciais diferenças, mostram-se complementares, favorecendo a análise mais ampla da complexidade da problemática ambiental urbana. Com base nos resultados alcançados, a pesquisa apresenta diretrizes que venham a contribuir com a elaboração de projetos e planos urbanísticos mais próximos do ideário da sustentabilidade, integradores e de valorização dos aspectos sociais e culturais de cada local.

L’émergence, dès la seconde moitié des années 1950, de deux milieux de la critique architecturale à Berlin-est et à Berlin-ouest, révèle, malgré les contraintes politiques qui pèsent sur ses acteurs, une volonté partagée de réflexion sur l’identité urbaine de la ville divisée. En effet, la Reconstruction des villes allemandes après la Seconde Guerre mondiale désigne un vaste projet de remise en service des infrastructures matérielles, mais aussi, de redéfinition d’un champ culturel et intellectuel profondément marqué par le nazisme. Adoptant une perspective d’histoire culturelle et des intellectuels, cette thèse explore les carrières, écrits et réseaux d’Ulrich Conrads, Günther Kühne, Julius Posener, Wolf Jobst Siedler, Klaus Duntze, Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm et Nikolaus Kuhnert à Berlin-ouest, et de Kurt Liebknecht, Richard Paulick, Hermann Henselmann, Kurt Junghanns, Bruno Flierl et Wolfgang Kil à Berlin-est. Architectes ou historiens de l’art de formation, auteurs dans la presse spécialisée, et journalistes dans la presse généraliste écrite et radiophonique, mais aussi, parfois, éditeurs et professeurs dans les universités et écoles d’art, ces critiques d’architecture et de la ville s’engagèrent, entre les années 1950 et 1980, pour la reconnaissance d’une culture architecturale [Baukultur] berlinoise au XX ͤ siècle. Ils furent aussi, à bien des égards, les initiateurs d’une redéfinition des enjeux de la critique architecturale et urbaine dans l’Allemagne d’après 1945. / Both in East and West Berlin, as soon as the mid-fifties, architecture critics have come to the fore and shown that in spite of political pressures imposed on them, they shared a will to reflect upon the urban identity of the divided city. Indeed, the Reconstruction of German towns after WWII refers to a vast project of restoration of the material infrastructures but also the redefinition of a cultural and intellectual landscape bearing the heavy mark of Nazi ideology. Choosing a perspective of cultural and intellectual history, this thesis explores the careers, writings and networks of Ulrich Conrads, Günther Kühne, Julius Posener, Wolf Jobst Siedler, Klaus Duntze, Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm and Nikolaus Kunhert in West-Berlin and of Kurt Liebknecht, Richard Paulick, Hermann Henselmann, Kurt Junghanns, Bruno Flierl and Wolfgang Kil in East-Berlin. Whether architects or history of art specialists, writers in the specialist press, journalists in the general press but also sometimes publishers and teachers in universities and art schools, those critics committed themselves to making the Berlin architectural culture [Baukultur] known in the XXth century. To a large extent they initiated a redefining of the stakes of architectural and urban criticism in post 1945 Germany.

Aracaju: A Construção da Imagem da Cidade discute, em termos de percepção urbana, como a imagem de uma cidade se forma ao longo do tempo, no sentido de ser total ou parcialmente incontrolável ou a conseqüência de um direcionamento intencional dos seus formadores de opinião e agentes públicos, privados ou técnicos, que selecionam apenas os pontos positivos da cidade. Essa idéia é elaborada, no estudo, a partir da clara associação entre os cartões-postais da cidade, comercializados no passado e hoje em dia, e a Aracaju percebida atualmente por seus habitantes, verificada nos questionários aplicados, cada qual com o seu olhar específico, mas com resultados muito homogêneos em relação às características fundamentais da cidade. Numa perspectiva histórica, tenta-se retomar a Aracaju vista ao longo do tempo, por décadas, através principalmente da coletânea dos diversos cartões-postais existentes desde a primeira década do século XX e outras fontes como história escrita, poesias, relatos etc. Os marcos urbanos mais destacados são também evidenciados, quer aqueles resultantes da construção física da cidade, quer os estabelecidos na relação entre a urbe e seu meio ambiente. Assim, faz-se uma tentativa de mostrar como Aracaju foi moldada e se apresenta hoje com a imagem de uma bela capital, cidade tranqüila, admirada por todos, que a têm como o melhor local para se viver, um exemplo de organização... enfim, como a capital com melhor qualidade de vida do país! De certa forma, isso evidencia a falta de uma visão mais crítica da população em relação às questões urbanas e ao modo de viver, fato esperado ao se tratar com imagem, nitidamente falsa e expressão da forte manipulação da mídia na sociedade contemporânea. / Aracaju: The Construction of the City Image discusses, in the context of urban perception, how the image of the city was formed through time, in the sense of being total or in part randomly built or instead formed as a consequence of a driven intent to select mainly positive views of the city, by opinion makers and public agents, private or technical. This idea is developed here starting from the clear association between postcards printed in the past and today and the Aracaju city currently perceived by its inhabitants, evaluated by questionnaires applied. Each one reveals an individual perception of the city, but all provide very homogeneous results in respect to its main characteristics. In an historical perspective, it was tried to recover the temporal trends in viewing the city for decades, by the collection of postcards available since early 20th-century and other sources, like written history, poetry, personal memories, and so on. The highlighted urban marks were also described, both resulting from physical construction of the city, as well as from those established between the city and its environment. Thus, this analysis provides an attempt to show how Aracaju was forged and presents itself as a beautiful State capital, calm and beloved by all, with a high standard in terms of life quality, an example of city organization...In short, the State capital with highest life quality in Brazil! In a certain way, at the same time this supports the lack of a more critical view of the city by its own population, in respect to urban questions and its way of life, an expected issue when dealing with perceived image, clearly false and expressing the strong Midia manipulation in the modern society.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the affects of mobile communication practices on urban public places, particularly on meeting places in urban space. The contribution of mobile communication technologies into daily practices and rapid penetration of them into everyday-life is quite obvious in the last decade. The inevitable presence of mobile phones in everyday-life practices encourages urban researchers to consider their impacts on urban social context and consequently on urban public places. The objective of the research is to understand the incompatibility between the existing urban image and the mental image of mobile society. Mobile phones enable people to organize meetings independent from the scheduled program. This device not only increases the mobility of the user within the city but also enhances the individual&rsquo / s ability to develop coherent cognitive maps / because it gives the freedom of choice to pick-up the location for &ldquo / meeting places&rdquo / . For instance, beside landmarks, paths have been given new identities by mobile society. An increase in the number of indoor or outdoor meeting places (some being entirely random in selection), contributes to the cognitive maps and thus to the identity of the city. This stands as a contradicting argument to the classical understanding of the city and its parts, which is by and large accepted to be based on visual experiences. The predetermined and limited components (nodes, landmarks) which help individuals meet (and socialize) are now modest items of a larger inventory of settings. This thesis is aiming to analyze the behavioral and perceptual changes that derive from mobile communication practices. Through this research, the architectural and spatial qualities of the old and new inventories of meeting places are also a part of the study to reveal the differences, if any.