In beef cows, long-acting injectable progesterone (iP4) supplementation in the early diestrus has paradoxical effects, as it both increases fertility in the field as well as induces anticipation of luteolysis in part of the treated animals. Considering that estradiol (E2) from the ovarian follicles during the luteal phase plays a central role in the induction of uterine PGF2α release and luteal regression, here we tested the central hypothesis that the absence of post-deviation follicles (i.e., a low E2 tone) delays the early onset of luteolysis and extends the estrous cycle in Bos indicus cows supplemented with iP4. This dissertation consists of two studies. A first study was carried out to validate the use of cytologic brushes (cytobrush) as a tool to collect sequential samples of endometrium to characterize temporal changes in the transcriptome along the estrous cycle. It was concluded that the cytobrush technique was confirmed as a reliable, repeatable, and safe method for studying bovine uterine biology in vivo. In the second study, cyclic Nelore cows were synchronized and distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to receive treatment with placebo or 300 mg iP4 three days after ovulation (D0), and to be subjected or not to follicular aspiration (FA) during the luteal phase. Endometrial samples were collected on D15, D17 and D19 using the cytobrush technique, and abundance of transcripts was measured by qPCR. The iP4 decreased the size of the largest follicle on D6 and the area of the CL between D8 and 10 compared to the placebo groups. Cows submitted to FA had a longer cycle but timing of luteolysis was similar to non-FA cows. Treatment with iP4 and submitted to FA tended to advance the timing of structural luteal regression ( ≤D16). Furthermore, in the moments preceding luteolysis (D11 to D16), cows from this group that underwent luteolysis before or at D16 presented a smaller CL compared with cows of the same group that underwent luteolysis after D16. In addition, cows treated with iP4 that presented early luteolysis had a smaller CL across the luteal phase. There were no significant differences in the abundance of endometrial transcripts related to programming (PGR, ESR1) or execution (OXTR, PTGS2) of PGF2α release. In summary, supplementation of P4 at early diestrus affected CL growth but did not modulate endometrial transcripts associated with luteolysis, suggesting that the uterine component might not be involved in this process. It is concluded that CLs impaired by exposure to iP4 during luteogenesis are most likely to undergo early luteal regression, and this may be exacerbated by low E2 concentrations resulting from FA. In conclusion, we rejected the hypothesis that reduced follicular E2 could prevent iP4-induced early onset of luteolysis in Bos indicus cows. / Em vacas de corte, a suplementação com progesterona injetável de longa ação (iP4) no diestro inicial tem efeitos paradoxais, uma vez que tanto aumenta a fertilidade a campo quanto induz a antecipação da luteólise em uma parte dos animais tratados. Considerando que o estradiol (E2) proveniente dos folículos ovarianos durante a fase luteal desempenha um papel central na indução da liberação de PGF2α uterina e regressão luteal, testou-se a hipótese central de que a ausência de folículos pós-desvio previne a antecipação do momento da luteólise e prolonga o ciclo estral em vacas Bos indicus suplementadas com iP4. Esta dissertação consiste em dois estudos. Um primeiro estudo foi realizado para validar a utilização de escovas citológicas (cytobrush) como uma ferramenta para coletar amostras sequenciais do endométrio para caracterizar as mudanças temporais no transcriptoma ao longo do ciclo estral. Concluiuse que a técnica de cytobrush foi confirmada como um método confiável, repetível, e seguro para o estudo da biologia uterina bovina in vivo. No segundo estudo, vacas Nelore cíclicas foram sincronizadas e distribuídas em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 para receber tratamento com placebo ou 300 mg de iP4 três dias após a ovulação (D0), e serem submetidos ou não à aspiração folicular (AF) durante a fase lútea. Amostras endometriais foram coletadas no D15, D17 e D19 usando a técnica de cytobrush, e a abundância de transcritos foi medida por qPCR. A iP4 diminuiu o tamanho do maior folículo no D6 e a área do CL entre D8 e D10 comparado aos grupos placebo. Vacas submetidas à AF tiveram um ciclo mais longo, porém o momento da luteólise foi semelhante ao das vacas não aspiradas. O tratamento com iP4 e AF tendeu a adiantar o momento da regressão lútea estrutural (≤ D16). Além disso, nos momentos precedentes à luteólise (D11 ao D16), vacas desse grupo detectadas em luteólise antes ou no D16 apresentaram um CL menor em comparação com vacas do mesmo grupo em luteólise após o D16. Adicionalmente, vacas tratadas com iP4 com luteólise precoce apresentaram um menor CL ao longo da fase lútea. Não houve diferenças significativas na abundância de transcritos endometriais relacionados com a programação (PGR, ESR1) ou execução (OXTR, PTGS2) da liberação de PGF2α. Em resumo, a suplementação com iP4 no início do diestro afetou o crescimento do CL mas não modulou os transcritos endometriais associados com a luteólise, sugerindo que o componente uterino pode não estar envolvido neste processo. Conclui-se que CLs comprometidos pela exposição à iP4 durante a luteogênese são mais susceptíveis à regredir antecipadamente, e isto pode ser exacerbado por baixas concentrações de E2 resultantes da AF. Em conclusão, rejeitamos a hipótese de que a redução do E2 folicular previne a antecipação da luteólise induzida pela iP4 em vacas Bos indicus.

A dinâmica folicular, bem como a preparação do endométrio para a gestação, é dependente do estabelecimento de vascularização adequada. Alguns estudos apontam para a importância do tratamento com eCG após o emprego de protocolos de IATF, de forma a aumentar as taxas de ovulação e prenhez, e para a uma possível propriedade angiogênica, influenciando o fluxo sanguíneo e a vascularização. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência do eCG na espessura e área do endométrio e miométrio, calibre e área da artéria uterina do corno ipsilateral e também na densidade vascular do endométrio e miométrio de vacas submetidas a tratamentos de sincronização (grupo controle), estimulação do folículo dominante e superovulação. Para tal, foram utilizadas 16 vacas mestiças de Nelore ciclando com escore corporal entre 2 e 3 que foram divididas em 3 grupos de acordo com tratamento hormonal: o grupo controle foi submetido apenas ao protocolo de sincronização da ovulação (n=5), o grupo estimulado recebeu 400 UI de eCG no dia 4 após início do protocolo (n=6) e o grupo superovulado recebeu 2000UI de eCG no dia 8 após início do tratamento (n=5). No dia 5 após a ovulação (p.o) foram realizados exames ultrasonográficos para mensuração do miométrio e endométrio dos cornos uterinos, bem como para análise do calibre da artéria uterina. Os animais foram abatidos, os úteros coletados no dia 6 p.o. e imediatamente fixados em paraformaldeido a 4%. Para análise da densidade vascular, foi realizada imunohistoquímica para o KDR com o intuito de marcação das células endoteliais e contagem dos vasos por estereologia. As espessuras e áreas, tanto do miométrio quanto do endométrio, não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. A artéria uterina nos animais superovulados apresentou maior calibre do que nos animais do grupo controle (p< 0,05). A densidade vascular do endométrio nos animais estimulados foi menor quando comparada à dos animais do grupo controle (p<0,05), e no grupo superovulado, a densidade vascular apresentou-se diminuída (p<0,05) no miométrio. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o aumento de vascularização do endométrio após tratamentos com ECG, relatado em outros trabalhos, seja provavelmente influenciado pelo concepto e não exclusivamente pelo tratamento. Além disso, a influência do eCG no útero pode ser dependente tanto da dose quanto do estágio do ciclo estral. / Follicle dynamic, as well as the uterus preparation for gestation, is dependent of an adequate vascularization establishment. Currently, many studies point towards the importance of eCG treatment following fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI), in a manner to improve ovulation and gestational rates. Moreover, eCG have been implicated in angiogenesis, leading to important changes in uterine blood flow and vascularization. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the influence of eCG on the endometrial and myometrial thickness and area; on the caliber and area of the uterine artery of the ipsilateral horn; and, on endometrial and myometrial uterine vascular density of cows submitted to sincronization (control group), stimulation (stimulated group), and superovulatory (superovulated group) treatments. For that, we used 16 cows with body score between 2 and 3, randomly distributed into the 3 above described groups: the cows of the control group (n = 5) did not receive eCG, while the cows of the stimulated group (n = 6) and superovulated group 3 (n = 5) received, respectively, 400 UI and 2000 UI of eCG at days 4 and 8 after the protocol beginning. For endometrial and myometrial measurements, as well as for uterine artery caliber and area analysis, ultrasonographic evaluations were done at day 5 after ovulation. At day 6, the animals were slaughtered, the uterus were harvested and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. In order to analyze the vascular density, immunohistochemistry for KDR detection and blood vessels counting by stereology were performed. In all studied groups, treatments did not influence either uterine wall thickness or area. In the superovulated animals, the uterine artery presented higher caliber than in the control ones (P<0.05). Endometrial vascular density of stimulated animals in the ipsilateral uterine horn was lower when compared to that of the control (P<0.05),and in the superovulated, vascular density was lower in the myometrium (P<0.05). These results suggest that the endometrial vascularization increase following eCG treatment, described by other groups, is probably influenced by the concept, not only by the treatment. Moreover, the influence of eCG in the uterus could be dependent of both the hormonal dosis and the estrous cycle phase.

Malgré les progrès réalisés en procréation médicalement assistée, les patientes ayant une infertilité utérine (IU) ne peuvent à ce jour mener une grossesse, contrairement aux patientes présentant une infertilité d’origine ovarienne ou tubaire. La transplantation utérine (TU) pourrait être une alternative à l’adoption et à la gestation pour autrui (GPA). Objectifs : Réalisation d’études expérimentales, translationnelles et cliniques.Méthodologie : Au cours de cette thèse, des travaux expérimentaux chez la brebis ont compris l’évaluation de l’IRM pelvienne, la réalisation d’allo-transplantation utérine, l’étude d’un modèle d’immunosuppression et l’évaluation originale de la tolérance à l’ischémie froide de l’utérus utilisant la membrane chorio-allantoïdienne d’embryon de poulet (CAM). Les études translationnelles et cliniques ont compris l’évaluation du prélèvement utérin (PU) au sein d’un prélèvement multi-organe (PMO) avec analyse de la tolérance à l’ischémie froide de l’utérus humain, l’évaluation de l’expression HLA par immunohistochimie du tissu utérin et l’évaluation de l’intérêt vis-à-vis de la TU.Résultats : L’IRM semble être l’examen de choix pour l’évaluation du greffon utérin. L’allo-transplantation utérine chez la brebis est complexe notamment en raison de la difficulté d’obtenir une immunosuppression optimale. L’administration de ciclosporine à travers une gastrostomie optimise l’exposition au traitement mais n’est pas envisageable à moyen terme. La greffe de tissu utérin sur CAM a révélé la capacité de l’endomètre à proliférer après 24 heures d’ischémie froide suggérant une tolérance à l’ischémie supérieure à celle du myomètre. La réalisation d’un PU au sein d’un PMO semble reproductible. L’exposition des tissus utérins à 24 heures d’ischémie froide n’a pas révélé de modifications histologiques majeures ni de majoration du signal apoptotique par TUNEL ou Caspase 3 clivée. L’expression forte HLA I et II par l’endomètre suggère l’utilisation, en cas de TU, d’un protocole d’immunosuppression optimal et d’un appariement HLA. Enfin, la population de patientes ayant une IU, peu connue jusque-là, est majoritairement représentée par les femmes atteintes du syndrome MRKH. L’intérêt pour la TU semble réel, l’adoption voire la GPA ne semblant satisfaire ces patientes. Perspectives: Nous prévoyons d’évaluer la TU à partir de donneuses en état de mort encéphalique dans le cadre d’un PHRC national. Par ailleurs, nous continuons un entrainement chirurgical chez l’animal avec l’étude de la tolérance à l’ischémie reperfusion de l’utérus de brebis selon une période courte ou prolongée d’ischémie froide. / In case of uterine infertility, uterus transplantation could be an alternative to adoption or surrogacy. We performed different experimental, translationnal and clinical studies in the field of uterus transplantation. We assessed surgery of uterus retrieval, resistance of the uterus to cold ischemia, the HLA expression from the uterus and the demand from patients with uterine infertility for uterus transplantation.

Durante a gestação, em varias espécies de mamíferos, os fibroblastos endometriais são alvos de profundas modificações morfofuncionais que levam a aquisição de um fenótipo epitelial e à expressão de novas moléculas, formando uma nova estrutura no útero denominada decídua. Em camundongos, a reação decidual pode ser estimulada artificialmente (na ausência de embrião), resultando na formação do deciduoma, um modelo de grande relevância para a identificação de fatores oriundos ou não do embrião necessários para a promoção da decidualização. A decidualização também promove uma profunda remodelação da matriz extracelular (MEC) do endométrio, e ambos os processo são fundamentais para o sucesso da gestação. Existem evidencias, muitas das quais são oriundas dos estudos do Laboratório de Biologia da Reprodução e Matriz extracelular (LBR-MEC), mostrando que a remodelação da MEC do útero não grávido é modulada pelos hormônios ovarianos estrógeno (E2) e progesterona (P4). Faltam, entretanto, na literatura, estudos consistentes sobre a regulação da MEC endometrial na ausência de sinais parácrinos provenientes do embrião. Além disso, não se conhece detalhes sobre a ação dos hormônios ovarianos sobre a produção de componentes da MEC por células deciduais. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve dois objetivos centrais: (i) caracterizar por imuno-histoquímica a composição e organização da MEC durante o desenvolvimento do deciduoma, (ii) estudar por qPCR, Western blot, e imunolocalização o efeito dos hormônios E2 e Medroxiprogesterona (MPA) na dinâmica da expressão de RNAm, síntese e secreção de moléculas da MEC em culturas primárias de células obtidas de deciduoma. Observamos que, a distribuição do colágeno tipo I, III, IV, V e dos proteoglicanos decorim, biglicam e versicam no deciduoma, foi semelhante ao já observado na decídua. As análises in vitro, mostram que o hormônio E2 aumenta a expressão gênica, a síntese e a deposição de decorim enquanto o MPA tem como alvo o biglicam. Ambos hormônios modulam a expressão de desmina, um marcador de decidualização. O presente estudo também mostra que o padrão de remodelação das moléculas alvo do presente estudo, é similar ao observado durante a decidualização da gestação normal, Conclui-se, portanto, que a remodelação da MEC é um evento intrínseco do processo de decidualização quer na gestação quer na pseudogestação. Ou seja, não foram identificadas diferenças que indicassem a existência de controle pelo embrião. Mostramos ainda que, in vitro, os hormônios E2 e MPA regulam de modo específico a expressão gênica e a secreção do proteoglicanos decorim e biglicam. / During pregnancy in several species of mammals, including humans and mice, endometrial fibroblasts undergo extensive morphofunctional changes acquiring an epithelial phenotype. Those new cells form a new structure in the uterus called decidua. In mice, the decidual reaction can be artificially induced in pseudopregnant females resulting in the formation of a structure morphologically similar to the decidua called deciduoma, a relevant model to study the putative role of the embryo upon decidualization. Endometrial decidualization is an essential event for the success of pregnancy. A notable remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and molecular composition occurs during this process. There are evidences, many of them coming from studies of the Laboratory of Reproductive and Extracellular Matrix Biology (LBR-MEC), that estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) modulate the remodeling of the uterine ECM. Nevertheless, there is no consistent information about the role, if it exists, of the embryo on the regulation of the endometrial ECM. Furthermore, it was not yet clarified how the ovarian hormones act on the production of ECM components by decidual cells. Thus, the objective of present study was to identify the composition and organization of the ECM during the development of the mouse deciduoma; and to study by qPCR, Western blot and immunolocalization methods, the effect of hormones E2 and medroxiprogesterone (MPA) on synthesis and secretion of ECM molecules by primary cultures of mouse decidual cells obtained from deciduoma. We found that the distribution of collagen types I, III, IV, V and proteoglycans decorin, biglycan and versican in deciduoma, was similar to that previously observed in the decidua. The in vitro assays showed E2 increases the gene expression for the core protein of Decorin, while MPA increases the expression of the core protein of Biglycan. In addition, was observed that both hormones increase the expression of desmin a marker of decidualization. These results showed that in the endometrium of both pregnant and pseudopregnant animals ECM molecules such as collagens and proteoglycans are similarly modulated by ovarian hormones. At from the present study we may conclude that ECM remodeling is an intrinsic event that happens during decidualization modulated by E2 and MPA and this modualation independ of the presence of the embryo in the uterus. In adition we showed that in decidual cells in vitro the gene expression and the secretion of proteoglycans decorin and biglycan are differentially regulated by hormones E2 and MPA.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Venessa.pdf: 465149 bytes, checksum: 5de5d2c13682e00d0026f0d3e3b581ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-25 / This study aimed to determine the histological features of the endometrium of biches, as well as the cell proliferation at specific moments of diestrus, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days post-ovulation, correlating the endometrial thickness with the uterine cell proliferation and the metabolic state (weight, blood glucose and plasma cholesterol) of the animals. Therefore, the right and left uterine horns of 26 clinically healthy bitches submitted to ovariohysterectomy were histologically analyzed 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days post-ovulation. The hematoxylin-eosin and AgNOR staining techniques were performed. All parameters were evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk normality assumption and the samples subjected to ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). The correlation between endometrial thickness and uterine cell proliferation, weight, blood glucose and plasma cholesterol of animals was observed using the Pearson method (p<0.05). The software used was BioEstat® version 5.0. It was concluded that the endometrial thickness did not differs between post-ovulation days and was not correlated with the uterine cell proliferation, weight, blood glucose or serum cholesterol of the bitches. However, there was greater cell proliferation at 40 days post-ovulation compared to 60 days. / O presente estudo teve o objetivo de determinar as características histológicas do endométrio de cadela, assim como a sua proliferação em momentos específicos do diestro nos dias 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 pós-ovulação, correlacionando a espessura do endométrio com o peso, glicemia e colesterol das cadelas.Para tanto, foram analisados histologicamente os cornos uterinos direito e esquerdo de 26 cadelas clinicamente sadias ovariohisterectomizadas aos 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias após a ovulação. Foram realizadas a coloração de hematoxilina-eosinae também a coloração pelo método de AgNOR. Todos os parâmetros foram avaliados pelo pressuposto de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk e as amostras submetidas a ANOVA seguida de Tukey (p<0,05). A correlação entre espessura de endométrio e peso, glicemia e colesterol plasmático foi verificada pelo método de Pearson (p<0,05). O programa utilizado foi o BioEstat® versão 5.0. Conclui-se que a espessura do endométrio não difere entre os dias pós-ovulação e que não tem correlação com o peso, glicemia ou o colesterol sérico das cadelas. Porém, há uma maior proliferação celular aos 40 dias pós-ovulação em relação aos 60 dias.

The intent of this examination is to study anatomical jewelry design, withreproductions of the clitoris and uterus, its feminist connection and symbolism.Three Swedish female designers represent the foundation for this study, wheretheir specific jewelry is analyzed. Choice of designers are Clit co,Feministsmeden and Statement by Lann, a presentation of them can be found inthe second part on page 15. The main question in this study is; How come thewoman's body and genitals have become jewelry and how are these symbolslinked to feminism? Are these anatomical images inclusive or exclusive from agender perspective? The method in this survey focuses on semiotics and imageanalysis with inspiration from discourse analysis and hermeneutics, with atheory rooted in gender, feminism and exposition of the female body. Byfocusing on signification and intention, the study reaches a hypotheticalconclusion about the connection between anatomical jewelry and feminism. / Syftet med denna undersökning är att studera anatomisk smyckesdesign, med återgivningenav klitoris och livmodern, dess feministiska anknytning och symbolik. Tre svenska kvinnligadesigners står som material för studien, där deras specifika smycken analyseras. I del två avarbetet presenteras de utvalda kreatörerna Clit co, Feministsmeden och Statement by Lann.Huvudfrågan i denna studie är; Hur kommer det sig att kvinnans kropp och könsorgan harblivit smycken och hur är dessa symboler kopplade till feminism? Är dessa anatomiskaskildringar inkluderande eller exkluderande ur ett genusperspektiv? Metoden i studienfokuserar på semiotisk bildanalys med inspiration ur diskursanalys och hermeneutik, medteori förankrad i genus, feminism och kroppspolitik. Genom att fokusera på budskap ochintention når studien en hypotetisk slutsats kring sambandet mellan anatomiska smycken ochfeminism.

This thesis describes relatively new method of assisted reproduction. Uterus transplantation is viewed from feminist perspective, and its potential benefits and risks in wider ethical and social contexts on theoretical level are being considered. It reveals how womanhood and motherhood are constructed in different discourses in context of uterine transplantation through critical reading and thinking. By using of critical discourse analysis I focus on texts produced on this subject in the popular and professional discourse and reveal what kind of gender stereotypes and constructs they are using to support their arguments. These areas of our everyday lives have great power in society and influence the way we perceive and construct reality and thus participate in its creation. Key words: Uterus transplantation, infertility, motherhood, reproductive technology, gender roles

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Whether it is social stigma or state policy, abortion seekers are facing an intense amount of obstacles when it comes to accessing their abortion in Texas during the pandemic. To better understand how COVID-19 affected the landscape of abortion access, it was necessary to listen to the experiences of abortion seekers during the pandemic. Experts in the field of abortion advocacy were also interviewed to provide perspective on the trajectory of abortion access during COVID-19. Abortion seekers were screened through a survey to ensure they met the criteria of getting an abortion, living in Texas, and being 18+ while experts in the field were contacted through my personal activist network. COVID-19 exacerbated challenges that already existed in the landscape of abortion access in Texas. Misinformation and managing the tentative scheduling of clinics are two of the most prominent exacerbated challenges abortion seekers experience. This is followed by an increase in exposure to unsupportive families as well as the expenses that come with traveling to appointments. The additional COVID-19 related restrictions created consequences that embodied themselves as delays in receiving abortion care, a much lonelier process, and tentative employment. A positive outcome of COVID-19 is the potential of abortion care being integrated into Telehealth services that would severely decrease the public harassment abortion seekers and providers experience from antis standing outside of clinics, travel expenses, and the lack of privacy some might feel when going into a clinic.

L'implantation est une étape cruciale de la gestation et du développement post-natal chez les mammifères. L'implantation est définie comme l'établissement d'interactions cellulaires et permanentes entre un endomètre réceptif et un embryon compétent et synchronisé. L'endomètre est un capteur (sensor) biologique de qualité embryonnaire qui conduit la trajectoire de développement du conceptus jusqu'à terme. Les données préalables de notre équipe et d'autres ont suggéré que FOXL2 - un facteur de transcription clé pour l'établissement et le maintien de la fonction ovarienne – pourrait avoir des rôles biologiques majeurs dans le développement et les fonctions de l'endomètre chez les mammifères. L'objectif de mon travail était de comprendre dans quelle mesure FOXL2 contribue à la régulation de la fonction endométriale chez les bovins laitiers. Nous avons d'abord évalué les conséquences des variations du métabolisme maternel sur l'expression endométriale de FOXL2 et une sélection de gènes candidats. Notre étude a mis en évidence que, chez les femelles Holstein primipares taries immédiatement après le vêlage, l'expression de FOXL2 est augmentée alors que l'expression des enzymes antioxydantes est diminuée dans l'endomètre lors de l'implantation. Grâce à un modèle in vitro de cultures primaires de cellules endométriales bovines (fibroblastes et cellules épithéliales glandulaires) surexprimant transitoirement FOXL2, nous avons pu montrer que l'expression des gènes codant pour les enzymes antioxydantes n’est pas dépendante de FOXL2. Sur la base de notre modèle expérimental in vitro, les profils d'expression des gènes ont ensuite été déterminés à l'aide d'un oligoarray bovin non commercial. L’analyse des données a révélé une variation de l’identité des gènes cible de FOXL2 en fonction du type cellulaire considéré. Comme dans l'ovaire, FOXL2 régule des gènes liés à "la réponse immunitaire", "l’apoptose" et "la détermination du sexe". Nos résultats ont également mis en évidence la régulation par FOXL2 de fonctions spécifiques de l'endomètre, telles que «la réponse à l'interféron de type I» et «la modification de matrice extracellulaire». En somme, nos données mettent en lumière le rôle de FOXL2 dans la régulation de la physiologie endométriale bovine. Ses fonctions biologiques mériteraient d'être analysées et comparées chez d'autres espèces de mammifères. / Implantation is a critical milestone ensuring a successful pregnancy and normal post-natal development in mammals. Implantation is defined as the establishment of cellular and permanent interactions between a receptive endometrium and a competent and synchronised embryo. Endometrium has been proposed to be a biological sensor of embryo quality that drives the developmental trajectory of the conceptus until term. Previous data from our team and others have suggested major biological roles for FOXL2 – a key transcription factor for the establishment and maintenance of ovarian function- in the development and functions of the mammalian endometrium. The aim of my work was to provide new insights on the contribution of FOXL2 to the regulation of the endometrial function in dairy cattle. We first evaluated the consequences of variations in maternal metabolism on the endometrial expression of FOXL2 and a selection of candidate genes. Our data demonstrated that, in Holstein primiparous females dried immediately after parturition, FOXL2 expression was increased whereas antioxidant enzymes expression was decreased in the endometrium at implantation. Using an in vitro model of primary cultures of bovine endometrial cells (fibroblasts and glandular epithelial cells) transiently overexpressing FOXL2, expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes did not appear to be FOXL2 dependant. Based on our in vitro experimental model, gene expression profiles were then determined using a bovine custom oligoarray. Data analyses unveil differences in FOXL2-regulated genes according to endometrial cell origin. As in the ovary, FOXL2 regulated sets of genes related to "immune response", "apoptosis" and "sex determination". Our results also highlighted regulation of endometrium-specific genes by FOXL2 including “response to type I interferon” and “extracellular matrix modification”. Altogether our data support the involvement of FOXL2 in the regulation of bovine endometrial physiology that deserves to be analyzed in other mammalian species.