Impartiality has for long been a central value in the Swedish public administration. The value of impartiality is recurringly challenged when other values are incorporated through the implementation of innovation. Today Service design is being implemented in the public administration and seem to often emphasize aspects of substantive equality. Therefore, this study argues that a potential value conflict theoretically could occur between impartiality and substantive equality when public officials implement service design. This study therefore aims to explore different types of reasoning amongst public officials regarding impartiality, and the tension between impartiality and substantive equality when implementing Service design. The case-study is limited to public officials active within Experio-lab. Experio Lab is one of the leading swedish PSI-labs for knowledge exchange regarding service design. Six public officials have been interviewed to identify different types of reasoning. Through an abductive analysis of the interview-transcripts three different types of reasoning were identified: The denying-, The ambivalent- and The reforming type of reasoning. Key words: Impartiality, substantive equality, Service design, value, value pluralism, valueconflict

Many researchers argue that there is a demand for a new way of teaching and learning to better equip us for the value pluralistic society we are living in. Research has shown that teachers are reluctant to teach about value pluralistic subjects. This thesis aims to study how rural Mongolian teachers view the human-nature relationship in relation to the current situation in Mongolia, characterized by economic growth and environmental issues. Ethical perspectives are applied on the teachers’ views in order to bring structure to the different ways of viewing the human-nature relationship. The study shows that the teachers’ values change depending on if they look at their personal relationship to nature or put nature in relation to society. The results prove that even though personal values are complex it is possible to bring structure to how we understand them. The result provides an example of how complex value pluralistic issues can be structured in order to enable an understanding of them. Furthermore, the thesis suggests that ethical perspectives can be used in education for sustainable development when striving for a new way of teaching and learning.

Grönområden i urbana miljöer bidrar med många centrala funktioner vilka är livsviktiga för både djur och människor, exempelvis biologisk mångfald, ekosystemtjänster och positiva hälsoeffekter. Förekomsten av grönområden och dess funktioner hotas däremot av den snabba globala urbaniseringen som ger upphov till förändrad markanvändning. Enligt Göteborgs Stads lokala miljömål ämnar staden att bli ekologiskt hållbar till år 2030 och detta ska uppnås genom en ökad biologisk mångfald och bevarande av grönområden. Göteborg har blivit utnämnd till Sveriges grönaste stad, men samtidigt har grönområdena minskat mellan åren 1986-2019 och fortsätter att minska på grund av exploatering. Syftet med examensarbetet var därmed att öka kunskapen om vad som ger upphov till att det tas beslut som orsakar reducering av urbana grönområden trots uppsatta mål för bevarande av dessa, vilket var ett eftersatt forskningsområde. För att uppnå syftet användes en induktiv kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet analyserades genom miljöpsykologiska, miljöetiska och policyteorier, nämligen värden, goal-framing theory, värdepluralism och lömska problem. Studien kom fram till att Göteborgs stadsplanering innefattade flera lömska problem och värdekonflikter vilka uttrycktes genom målkonflikter, som tillsammans med starka hedonistiska och egoistiska värden samt vinstdrivande mål hade en negativ inverkan på förekomsten av Göteborgs grönområden. / Green spaces in urban areas contribute with many key functions that are vital for both animals and humans, such as biodiversity, ecosystem services and positive health effects. However, the existence of green spaces and their functions are threatened by the rapid global urbanization that is causing land use changes. According to the City of Gothenburg’s local environmental goals, the city aims to become ecologically sustainable by the year of 2030 through increased biodiversity and nature conservation. Gothenburg has been named as Sweden's greenest city, although the green spaces in Gothenburg have decreased between the years 1986–2019 and will continue to decline due to exploitation. The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis was thus to increase knowledge about what stimulates decisions that cause a reduction of green spaces in Gothenburg despite set conservation goals, which was a neglected research area. To achieve the purpose, an inductive qualitative method was used with semi-structured interviews. The results were analyzed through theories of environmental psychology, environmental ethics and policy, namely values, goal-framing theory, value pluralism and wicked problems. The study concluded that Gothenburg's urban planning included several wicked problems and value conflicts that were expressed through goal conflicts, which negatively affected Gothenburg’s green spaces. Furthermore, strong hedonistic and egoistic values as well as gain goals, also had a negative impact on the existence of Gothenburg's green spaces.