Submitted by Inácio de Oliveira Lima Neto (inacio.neto@inpa.gov.br) on 2018-10-01T14:07:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 eduardo_carlo_amat_garcia.pdf: 9255988 bytes, checksum: 1e3954df1b9d7f68db70c2e0e00098d0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T14:07:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 eduardo_carlo_amat_garcia.pdf: 9255988 bytes, checksum: 1e3954df1b9d7f68db70c2e0e00098d0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The blow fly fauna of Northwest South America was studied based in three main approaches: 1. Local diversity of assemblages; 2. geographical distribution of their species; and 3. efficacy of short DNA sequences (Mini barcode) to identify their species. In order to study the patterns of species richness, abundance and dominance of local assemblages, three scenarios were chosen: the Amazonian interfluvial region; an altitudinal gradient in the Andean belt and the Páramo ecosystem. By the other hand, the geographical information of 13.474 specimens belonging to 28 species, deposited in eleven entomological collection of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela was retrieved. Based on this data, it was possible to make a preliminary regionalization into six natural divisions: Amazon, Andes, Caribbean, Orinoquia, Pacific and Tepuyan region. It was also possible to identify preliminary patterns of geographical distribution and classify the blow fly species according to the biographic origin as follow: Tropical (25 spp); Temperate (4 spp) and Introduced (4spp). According to the altitudinal distribution, 17 species come from lowlands; 27 of montane and 8 of high elevations. Finally according to the level of synanthropy: 14 species were asynanthropic; 13 hemisynanthropic and 14 eusynanthropic. We recovered short mitochondrial DNA sequences (Mini barcodes of 317bp) from 143 specimens of thirty Neotropical species. This molecular marker allow the species identification of Calliphora, Chrysomya, Cochliomyia, Compsomyiops, Sarconesia, and Hemilucilia. However, it was not suitable for the correct identification of Lucilia species. In addition, we recovered genetic information from old preserved specimens deposited in museums for up to 57 year. The global diversity patterns together with the local assemblages assessed demostrated that the existence of an altitudinal gradient affects the composition of the blow fly fauna in the region. Being the most diverse assemblages, those located at intermediate elevations and the less diverse the perennial páramo ecosystem. The noticeable sensibility of blow flies to anthropized environments, the relative low number of species and their ubiquity, together with their relatively stable taxonomy, makes this group of flies as an ideal indicator of the level of human influence in environments of Northwest South America. / Estudou-se a fauna de Calliphoridae (Diptera) na região noroeste da América do Sul, abordando três aspectos principais: 1. Diversidade local das assembleias; 2. Distribuição geográfica das espécies; e 3. Uso de sequências de DNA na identificação genética das espécies. Para estudar os padrões de diversidade local e avaliar os padrões de riqueza, abundância e dominância foram escolhidos três cenários: o interflúvio amazônico, o gradiente altitudinal nos Andes Colombianos e o ecossistema de Páramo andino. Além disso, foi compilada a informação geográfica de 13.474 espécimes de 28 espécies, depositados em onze coleções entomológicas localizadas no Brasil, Colômbia, Equador e Venezuela. Com base nessa informação foi possível dividir a área de estudo em seis regiões naturais: Amazônia, Andes, Caribe, Orinoquia, Pacífica e Tepuiana. Também foi possível identificar padrões preliminares de distribuição espacial e classificar a fauna de califorídeos segundo a origem biogeográfica: espécies tropicais (25 spp.) temperadas (4 spp.) e introduzidas (4 spp.); segundo a distribuição altitudinal: espécies de terras baixas (17 spp.), espécies de montanha (27 spp.) e espécies de altas elevações (8 spp.) e segundo o grau de sinantropia em espécies assinantrópicas (14 spp.), hemissiantrópicas (13 spp.) e sinantrópicas (14 spp.). Finalmente, foram fornecidas as sequências curtas de DNA mitocondrial com 317 pares de bases (mini-barcode) para trinta espécies, possibilitando a identificação molecular das de Calliphora, Chrysomya, Cochliomyia, Compsomyiops, Sarconesia e Hemilucilia. Contudo, o marcador escolhido não foi adequado para identificar as espécies de Lucilia. Além disso, foram recuperadas as sequências genéticas de exemplares antigos depositados em coleções por até 57 anos. Os padrões de diversidade global e os encontrados em cada assembleia avaliada demostraram que a existência de um gradiente altitudinal afeta a composição da fauna de Califorídeos. Foi demostrado que as elevações intermediarias andinas são as mais ricas em espécies e que os Paramos andinos são pobres em califorídeos. A evidente sensibilidade dos Calliphoridae aos ambientes antropogênicos, seu número baixo de espécies e sua taxonomia relativamente estável faz deste um grupo ideal para utilização como indicador de ambientes antropisádos na região norte da América do Sul.

Submitted by Giovana Menezes Nunes null (giovanamn@gmail.com) on 2018-03-05T21:31:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final.pdf: 1011030 bytes, checksum: 5760be08bfbb9e4716ac2c08ef580e03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-03-06T18:25:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_gm_me_sjrp.pdf: 1011030 bytes, checksum: 5760be08bfbb9e4716ac2c08ef580e03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T18:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_gm_me_sjrp.pdf: 1011030 bytes, checksum: 5760be08bfbb9e4716ac2c08ef580e03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O desenvolvimento da entomologia forense no país tem sido concretizado pelos estudos de insetos das ordens Diptera e Coleoptera, sendo os dípteros considerados o principal grupo de interesse médico legal. Geralmente, o primeiro grupo de insetos a colonizar um cadáver são as varejeiras, mais especificamente, as moscas da família Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae, seguido do grupo Fanniidae, presente no quarto e quinto estágio de decomposição do cadáver. Ao se estabelecer as principais diretrizes e metas da entomologia forense no Brasil, destacou-se a necessidade do conhecimento taxonômico dos grupos de interesse forense, uma vez que, sem essas informações, não é possível realizar a identificação segura das espécies. Em casos de espécies próximas evolutivamente, por exemplo, os caracteres morfológicos podem ser insuficientes para diferenciá-las, sendo necessários outros métodos de análise para auxiliar na categorização distinta dos táxons como, por exemplo, análises citogenéticas e moleculares. Assim como pode ocorrer erros na distinção entre as moscas adultas (o que levou a diversas sinonimizações de espécies dos grupos Sarcophagidae e Fanniidae), para distinguir as larvas é um processo ainda mais complicado, por apresentarem uma morfologia extremamente similar. Dessa forma, o presente projeto teve como objetivo descrever as características citogenéticas de larvas de terceiro instar de Fannia sabrosky (Seago, 1954) (Fanniidae) e Peckia (Squamatodes) ingens (Walker, 1849) (Sarcophagidae) e comparar com os dados citogenéticos descritos na literatura para todas outras espécies da ordem Diptera de importância forense, com ênfase biológica (biologia reprodutiva), taxonômica (citotaxonômica e cariossistemática) e evolutiva. Nossos resultados demonstraram que P. (S.) ingens (2n=10) e F. sabrosky (2n=14) possuem cariótipos incomuns quando comparados as outras varejeiras (2n = 12), o que possibilita distingui-las de outros sarcofagídeos, califorídeos e muscídeos presentes na fauna cadavérica. P. (S.) ingens e F. sabrosky também puderam ser diferenciadas pelas análises citogenéticas do cromocentro, da heterocromatina, do nucléolo e da atividade transcricional. Além disso, caracterizamos pela primeira vez as fases de espermatogênese dessas espécies, destacando a importância dessas ferramentas para a entomologia forense. / The development of the forensic entomology in the country has been concretized by the insect studies of the orders Diptera and Coleoptera, being dipterous considered the main group of legal medical interest. Generally, the first group of insects to colonize a corpse are the blowflies, more specifically the flies of the family Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae, followed by the group Fanniidae, present in the fourth and fifth stage of decomposition of the corpse. When establishing the main guidelines and goals of forensic entomology in Brazil, the need for taxonomic knowledge of forensic interest groups was emphasized, since, without this information, it is not possible to carry out the safe identification of the species. In cases of evolutionarily close species, for example, morphological characters may be insufficient to differentiate them, and other methods of analysis are necessary to aid in the distinct categorization of taxa such as cytogenetic and molecular analyzes. As errors can occur in the distinction between adult flies (which led to several species synonyms of Sarcophagidae and Fanniidae), to distinguish the larvae is an even more complicated process, because they present an extremely similar morphology. Thus, the present project aims to describe the cytogenetic characteristics of larvae from the third instar of Fannia sabrosky (Seago, 1954) (Fanniidae) and Peckia (Squamatodes) ingens (Walker, 1849) (Sarcophagidae) and compare it with the cytogenetic data described in the literature for all other species of the order Diptera of forensic importance, with biological emphasis (reproductive biology), taxonomic (cytotaxonomic and karyosystematic) and evolutionary. Our results showed that P. (S.) ingens (2n = 10) and F. sabrosky (2n = 14) have uncommon karyotypes when compared to others blowflies (2n = 12), which makes it possible to distinguish them from others sarcophagids, calliphorids and muscids present in the cadaverous fauna. P. (S.) ingens and F. sabrosky could also be differentiated by cytogenetic analyzes of chromocenter, heterochromatin, nucleolus and transcriptional activity. In addition, we characterize for the first time the phases of spermatogenesis of these species, highlighting the importance of these tools for forensic entomology.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T15:01:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Roney Rodrigues Guimaraes.pdf: 1366984 bytes, checksum: a3849d32ef332f39a6a2b06635783317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-17 / Among the dipterans of medic-sanitary interest the blowfly families Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae are distinguished. Its occurrence, distribution and predominance in metropolitans areas are factors of great importance to the Public Health, because the adults are vectors of pathogens for the man and its larvae attack the man in such a way as animal domestic servants. The capture of the calliphorid fauna with traps, bait with viscera cool of chicken, in three distinct ecotypes (agricultural, urban and forest). 31.480 califor?deos dipterans distributed in the following species had been captured: Chrysomya megacephala (54,45%), C. putoria (11,18%), C. albiceps (13,63%), Phaenicia eximia (5,90%), P. cuprina (1,07%), Cochliomyia macellaria would (9,06%), C. hominivorax (0,53%), Hemilucilia segmentaria would (0,80%), H. semidiaphana (1,40%), Mesembrinella bellardiana (1,24%), Eumesembrinella sp. (0,51%), Chloroprocta idioidea (0,09%) and P. sericata (0,13%). The Sinanthropy Index and Seasonal Fluctuation and the Coefficient of Constancy of the species between the autumn of the 2002 and summer of 2004 had been determined. C. albiceps had the highest Sinanthropy Index (IS = + 41,7) conferring to this species was has Preference for Inhabited Areas. Also C. megacephala (IS = +33.01), C. putoria (IS = +25.1), C. hominivorax (IS = +24.1), C. macellaria would (IS = +21,14), P. cuprina (IS = +18,78), P. eximia (-9,67) species with Preference for Inhabited Areas and finally H. segmentaria, H. semidiaphana, M. bellardiana, Eumesembrinella sp., C. idioidea, P. sericata all pertaining to the group, according to data, that possess Complete Absence in Inhabited Areas (IS = -100). The microhimenopteran parasitoids are important tools in the biological control of flies of economic importance that cause damages to the health of human being and other animals. The captures had occurred between january and december of 2004 in urban, rural and forest area. 1.528 larvae of C. hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) had been used as bait, 505 in the urban one, 556 in agricultural and the 467 in the forested one. The Sinanthropy Index, Coefficient of Constancy, the risk of parasitism (Odds Ratio) between the areas had been calculated, prevalence and parasitic intensity. The percentage was 46,6%. Aphaereta laeviuscula (Spinola, 1851) was captured only in agricultural environment, its indices had been: Sinanthropy I. = +50, C. constancy =25%, prevalence =0,72% and I. parasitoid =44,5; on the other hand Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) was captured in the areas agricultural and urban and the indices had been: Sinanthropy I. = +98, C. constance =58.3%, Odds Ratio = IC95% = 0,025 < > 0,27, p<0,05, prevalence= 3,2% and I. parasitoid =7,35. The risk of parasitism for N. vitripennis in urban areas is high. It was registered the occurrence of A. laeviuscula as parasite of C. hominivorax in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Blowfly, Parasitoids, Sinanthropy, Seasonal Variation. / Entre os d?pteros de interesse m?dico-sanit?rio destacam-se as moscas varejeiras das fam?lias Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae. Sua ocorr?ncia, distribui??o e predomin?ncia em ?reas metropolitanas s?o fatores de grande import?ncia na Sa?de P?blica, pois os adultos s?o vetores de pat?genos para o homem e suas larvas atacam tanto o homem como animais dom?sticos. A captura da fauna califor?dica foi realizada atrav?s de armadilhas, iscadas com v?sceras frescas de frango, em tr?s ec?topos distintos (rural, urbano e de floresta). Foram capturados 31.480 d?pteros califor?deos distribu?dos nas seguintes esp?cies: Chrysomya megacephala (54,45%), Chrysomya putoria (11,18%), Chrysomya albiceps (13,63%), Phaenicia eximia (5,90%), Phaenicia cuprina (1,07%), Cochliomyia macellaria (9,06%), Cochliomyia hominivorax (0,53%), Hemilucilia segmentaria (0,80%), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (1,40%), Mesembrinella bellardiana (1,24%), Eumesembrinella sp. (0,51%), Chloroprocta idioidea (0,09%) e Phaenicia sericata (0,13%). Foram determinados os ?ndices de Sinantropia e Flutua??o Sazonal e o Coeficiente de Const?ncia das esp?cies entre o outono de 2002 e o ver?o de 2004. C. albiceps teve o mais alto ?ndice de Sinantropia (IS= + 41,7) conferindo a esta esp?cie, a seguinte classifica??o de acordo com Ferreira (1978 e 1983): esp?cie que tem Prefer?ncia por ?reas Habitadas. Tamb?m C. megacephala (IS= +33,01), C. putoria (IS= +25,1), C. hominivorax (IS= +24,1), C. macellaria (IS= +21,14), P. cuprina (IS= +18,78), P. eximia (-9,67) esp?cie com Prefer?ncia por ?reas Habitadas e finalmente H. segmentaria, H. semidiaphana, M. bellardiana, Eumesembrinella sp. C. idioidea, P. sericata todas pertencentes aos grupos, segundo os dados obtidos, que possuem Completa Aus?ncia em ?reas Habitadas (IS= -100). Os microhimen?pteros parasit?ides s?o ferramentas importantes no controle biol?gico de moscas de import?ncia econ?mica e causadora de danos ? sa?de humana e de outros animais. As capturas ocorreram entre janeiro e dezembro de 2004 em ?rea urbana, rural e florestal. 1.528 larvas de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) foram usadas como iscas, 505 na urbana, 556 na rural e 467 na florestada. Foram calculados os ?ndices de Sinantropia, Coeficiente de Const?ncia, o risco (Odds Ratio) de parasitismo entre as ?reas, preval?ncia e intensidade parasit?ria. O percentual de emers?o foi de 46,6%. Aphaereta laeviuscula (Spinola, 1851), foi capturada apenas em ambiente rural, seus ?ndices foram: I. sinantropia= +50, C. const?ncia=25%, preval?ncia=0,72% e I. parasit?ria=44,5; j? Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) foi capturada nas ?reas rural e urbana e os ?ndices foram: I. sinantropia= +98, C. const?ncia=58,3%, Odds Ratio= IC95%= 0,025 <?> 0,27, p<0,05, preval?ncia, =3,2% e I. parasit?ria=7,35. O risco de parasitismo por N. vitripennis em ?reas urbanas ? alto. Registra-se a ocorr?ncia de A. laeviuscula como parasito de C. hominivorax no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-16T17:27:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Adriana Cristina Pedroso Ferraz.pdf: 2396072 bytes, checksum: 4c8224201e7dfca3888239f1edd74e0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T17:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Adriana Cristina Pedroso Ferraz.pdf: 2396072 bytes, checksum: 4c8224201e7dfca3888239f1edd74e0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-02 / CNPq / The research was divided into chapters. The first assessed the post-embryonic development of Chrysomya albiceps (Widemann) on chicken gizzard (control: beef). There were four replications (100g each diet, 40 1st instar/2nd generation larvae) per treatment, each recipient was placed in a larger one containing sawdust and then sealed. The mature larvae were weighed and stored in test tubes. The variation among mature larva weight means and the duration of the larva, pupa and total stages were analyzed by the Student t test (?=5%), the viabilities by ANOVA and the sex ratio by the chi-square test. The following were recorded: mean temperature 25.6oC and 72.4% relative air humidity, larva-adult period mean duration of 8.1 days (meat) and 8.2 days (gizzard); 71% to 87% larva viability; 100% and 99% pupa viability 58% and 67% larva and adult viabilities, respectively. Chicken gizzard was shown to be satisfactory as diet for C. albiceps. The second chapter assessed the post embryonic development of Chysomya putoria (Widemann) in chicken gizzard and homogenized chicken gizzard in 65% agar (control: meat). Four replications (60 mL diet, 40 1st instar/5th generation larvae) were made per treatment. The homogenate was prepared in a mixer (gizzard, distilled water and agar). A mean temperature of 20.6 oC and 67.7% relative air humidity were recorded. The mean duration of the larva-adult period was 8.868 days (meat), 8.676 days (gizzard) and 9.067 days (homogenate); the larva viability was 98%; 92% and 73%; the pupa viability was 98%; 91% and 71%; the larva and adult viabilities were 93%; 83% and 64%, respectively. There were significant difference in the duration of the pupa period between meat and the homogenate. Both diets were shown to be satisfactory for C. putoria. The third chapter assessed different ciprofloxacin concentrations (3.33 ?g/mL; 6.66 ?g/mL and 13.33 ?g/mL in gizzard/65% agar homogenate) on C. putoria development (the control received distilled water). They were replicated four times (60 grams diet, 40 1st instar/3rd generation larvae) in an acclimatized chamber 30oC day/28 oC night, 70+10%relative air humidity and 14-hour photoperiod. There was no significant difference for: mean individual larva weight, mean duration of the larva inoculation until abandonment and the larva, pupa and total stages. Only treatment 2 differed significantly from the control in the larval and total viability. Ciprofloxacin seemed not to alter C. putoria development. The fourth chapter assessed different gentamicin concentrations (4.44?g/mL; 13.33?g/mL and 66.66?g/mL) on C. putoria. The materials and methods were similar to those of chapter III. There was no significant difference for: mean individual larva weight, mean duration of the larva inoculation until abandonment and the larva, pupa and total stages. Only treatment 2 differed significantly from the control for larva viability. Gentamicin seemed not to alter C. putoria development. The fifth chapter assessed different ampicillin concentrations (66?g/mL; 81.33?g/mL and 166.66?g/mL) on C. putoria. The materials and methods were similar to chapter III. There was no significant difference for: mean individual larva weight, mean duration of the larvae inoculation until abandonment and the larval, pupa and total stages. There was no significant difference for larva and total viability, but pupa viability in T1 differed significantly from the control and T2, and T3 differed from the control. Ampicillin seemed not to alter C. putoria development. / A pesquisa foi dividida em cap?tulos. O primeiro avaliou o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de Chrysomya albiceps (Widemann) em moela de frango (controle: carne bovina). Foram quatro repeti??es (100g de dieta cada, 40 larvas de 1? instar/2? gera??o) por tratamento, cada recipiente inserido em outro maior contendo serragem e vedado. As larvas maduras foram pesadas e armazenadas em tubos de ensaio. A varia??o entre m?dias de massa de larvas maduras e dura??es dos est?gios de larva, pupa e total foram analisadas por Teste t de Student (?=5%), as viabilidades por ANOVA, a raz?o sexual pelo qui-quadrado. Foram registradas temperatura m?dia 25,6?C e umidade relativa do ar m?dia 72,4%; dura??o m?dia do per?odo de larva a adulto 8,1 dias (carne) e 8,2 (moela); viabilidades de larva 71% e 87%; viabilidades de pupa 100% e 99%; viabilidades de larva a adulto 58% e 67%, respectivamente. Moela de frango se mostrou satisfat?ria como dieta para C. albiceps. O segundo cap?tulo avaliou desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de Chysomya putoria (Widemann) em moela e homogenato de moela de frango em agar 65% (controle: carne). Foram quatro repeti??es (60 mL de dieta, 40 larvas de 1? instar/5?gera??o) por tratamento. O homogenato foi preparado em mixer (moela, ?gua destilada e agar). Foram registradas temperatura m?dia 20,6? C e umidade relativa do ar m?dia 67,7%. A dura??o m?dia do per?odo de larva a adulto foi 8,868 dias (carne), 8,676 (moela) e 9,067 (homogenato); as viabilidades larvais 98%; 92% e 73%; as viabilidades de pupa 98%; 91% e 71%; as viabilidades de larva a adulto 93%; 83% e 64%, respectivamente. Houve diferen?a significativa na dura??o do per?odo pupal entre carne e homogenato. Ambas dietas mostraram-se satisfat?rias para C. putoria. O terceiro cap?tulo avaliou diferentes concentra??es de ciprofloxacino (3,33 ?g/mL; 6,66 ?g/mL e 13,33 ?g/mL em homogenato de moela/agar 65%) sobre desenvolvimento de C. putoria (controle recebeu agua destilada). Foram replicados quatro vezes (60 gramas dieta, 40 larvas 1? ?nstar/3? gera??o) em c?mara climatizada 30?C dia/28?C noite, 70+10% U.R. e 14 horas fotoper?odo. N?o houve diferen?a significativa: massa individual m?dio das larvas, dura??o m?dia da inocula??o das larvas at? abandono e est?gios larval, pupal e total. Apenas tratamento 2 diferiu significativamente do controle nas viabilidades larval e total. Ciprofloxacino pareceu n?o alterar desenvolvimento de C. putoria. O quarto cap?tulo avaliou diferentes concentra??es de gentamicina (4,44?g/mL; 13,33?g/mL e 66,66?g/mL) sobre C. putoria. Os materiais e m?todos foram semelhantes ao do cap?tulo III. N?o houve diferen?a significativa: massa individual m?dia das larvas; dura??o m?dia da inocula??o das larvas at? abandono e dos est?gios larval, pupal e total. Apenas tratamento 2 diferiu significativamente do controle na viabilidade larval. Gentamicina pareceu n?o alterar o desenvolvimento de C. putoria. O quinto cap?tulo avaliou diferentes concentra??es de ampicilina (66?g/mL; 81,33?g/mL e 166,66?g/mL) sobre C. putoria. Os materiais e m?todos foram semelhantes ao cap?tulo III. N?o houve diferen?a significativa: massa individual m?dia das larvas, dura??o m?dia da inocula??o das larvas at? abandono e est?gios larval, pupal e total. N?o houve diferen?a significativa: viabilidades larval e total, por?m viabilidade pupal do T1 diferiu significativamente do controle e T2, e T3 diferiu do controle. Ampicilina pareceu n?o alterar desenvolvimento de C. putoria.